a-level geography question paper unit 01 - past papers
TRANSCRIPT
GEOG1(JUN14GEOG101)
General Certificate of EducationAdvanced Subsidiary ExaminationJune 2014
Geography GEOG1Unit 1 Physical and Human Geography
Monday 12 May 2014 1.30 pm to 3.30 pm
For this paper you must have:l a pencill a rubberl a ruler.You may use a calculator.
Time allowedl 2 hours
Instructionsl Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.l Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.l You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.l Answer Question 1 and one other question from Section A
and Question 5 and one other question from Section B.l Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not
want to be marked.
Informationl The maximum mark for this paper is 120.l Each question is worth 30 marks.l The marks for questions are shown in brackets.l You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.l You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advicel Where appropriate, sketch maps and diagrams should be used to
illustrate answers and reference made to examples and case studies.l You are advised to spend about 60 minutes on Section A and
about 60 minutes on Section B.
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL
H/JW/103588/Jun14/E2(v2)
A
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Section A
Answer Question 1 and one other question from this section.
1 Rivers, Floods and Management
1 (a) Figure 1a is a map showing the characteristics of the drainage basins of Clapham Beck and Austwick Beck and Figures 1b and 1c are storm hydrographs of Clapham Beck and Austwick Beck, following the same storm.
Figure 1a
NIngleborough724 m
157 m
Gaping Gillpothole
Clapham Cave
ClaphamAustwick
Key
Gritstone and sandstone(impermeable)
Cla
pham
Beck
Cla
pham
Beck
Beck
Aust
wic
k
2 km0 1
Carboniferous limestone(permeable)
Shales (impermeable)
Woodland
Stream and artificial lake
Village
Spot height
Peak
Figure 1b Figure 1c
Austwick Beck
Rainfall(mm) /
discharge(cumecs)
00
Clapham Beck
4 8 12Time from start of storm (hours)Time from start of storm (hours)
16 20 24
5
10
15
20
25
Rainfall(mm) /
discharge(cumecs)
00 4 8 12 16 20 24
5
10
15
20
25
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1 (a) (i) Contrast the hydrographs shown in Figures 1b and 1c.[4 marks]
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1 (a) (ii) Use Figure 1a to explain the contrasts between the hydrographs shown in Figures 1b and 1c.
[5 marks]
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1 (b) Figure 2 is an extract from a geographical magazine about flooding in Brisbane, Australia in January 2011.
Figure 2
N 20 km0
MoretonBay
Wivenhoedam
Somersetdam
LakeSomerset
LakeWivenhoe
Brisbane River
Brisba
ne
Rive
r
River
Brem
er
Brisbane
Ipswich
Key
Area floodedTownDamRiver
Brisbane areariver catchmentsQueensland
Brisbane Rivercatchment
Brisbane has a long history of flooding, dating back to the 1840s when records began. Until 2011, the most devastating flood had occurred in January 1974.
The Wivenhoe dam was built in the early 1980s in response to the devastation caused by the 1974 flood. In 2011, the rainfall was more prolonged and of greater intensity. It is estimated that in the 7 days leading up to the 2011 flood, the Brisbane catchment received 40% more rainfall than during the equivalent period in 1974.
All this rain meant that management of water releases from Wivenhoe dam became a critical issue. Some flood engineers believe that earlier water releases from the dam were too small, so later releases were much greater than should have been required. A massive release on 11 January was in large part responsible for flooding in Brisbane.
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Using Figure 2 only, comment on the relative importance of physical and human causes of flooding.
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1 (c) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of soft engineering as a river flood management strategy.
[15 marks]
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2 Cold Environments
2 (a) Figure 3 shows the distribution of cold environments.
Figure 3
Glacial areasKey
Periglacial areasAlpine areas
Equator
Antarctic Circle
Arctic Circle
Describe the distribution of cold environments shown in Figure 3.[4 marks]
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2 (b) (i) Figure 4 is a sketch of the area around Chamonix in the French Alps.
Figure 4
Mont Blanc
Snowand ice
Chamonix
N
GlacierStreamSettlement
Key
Describe the landforms shown in Figure 4.[4 marks]
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2 (b) (ii) Explain the formation of a glacial trough.[7 marks]
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2 (c) ‘More recent developments in tundra areas and the Southern Ocean (such as oil in Alaska, fishing, tourism) are more sustainable than earlier uses (such as traditional economies, whaling, sealing).’
Discuss this view.
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(13)
3 Coastal Environments
3 (a) Figure 5 shows parts of the coastal system.
Figure 5
Windstrength
Fetch
Winddirection
Tides
Waveaction
Refraction
Wavetype
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Outline links between different parts of the coastal system shown in Figure 5.
[4 marks]
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3 (b) (i) Figure 6 is a sketch map of part of the South Downs sediment cell in southern England.
Figure 6
PaghamHarbour
SelseyBill Dominant wind and
wave direction
Backeddy
Littlehampton
River Arun
River Adur
River O
use
River C
uckmere
Shoreham BrightonMarina
New-haven Beachy
Head
KeyChalk cliffsDominant drift direction
Pier/breakwater Approximate scale
N
10 km0
Comment on the movement of material shown in Figure 6.[4 marks]
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3 (b) (ii) Explain how soft engineering could protect a coastline.[7 marks]
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3 (c) Describe the characteristics, and explain the formation, of two or more landforms resulting from coastal deposition (such as beaches, spits, bars, dunes and salt marshes).
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4 Hot Desert Environments and their Margins
4 (a) (i) Figure 7 is a photograph of Las Vegas, south-western USA.
Figure 7
Describe the development that has taken place in Las Vegas, shown in Figure 7.
[4 marks]
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(19)
4 (a) (ii) Figure 8 shows the water levels of Lake Mead at the Hoover Dam, near Las Vegas. The Hoover Dam was built in the 1930s.
Figure 8
1935Year
Maximum (375 m)
Drought (343 m)
Average (359 m)
Heightabove
sea level(m)
324
330
336
342
348
354
360
366
372
378
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2005 20092000
Describe the changing water levels of Lake Mead shown in Figure 8.[4 marks]
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4 (a) (iii) To what extent is development sustainable in areas such as south-western USA or southern Spain?
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4 (b) Explain the role of wind action in the formation of desert landforms (such as deflation hollows, yardangs, zeugen and sand dunes).
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End of Section A
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(23)
Section B
Answer Question 5 and one other question from this section.
5 Population Change
5 (a) (i) Define the term ‘infant mortality rate’.[2 marks]
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5 (a) (ii) Suggest why ‘infant mortality rate’ is a useful development indicator.[3 marks]
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5 (b) Figure 9 shows changes in life expectancy of males and females in the UK between 1992 and 2006.
Figure 9
Males 1992
London
77 or overKey
73 – 76Under 73
Males 2006
London
77 or overKey
73 – 76Under 73
Females 1992
London
84 or overKey
80 – 83Under 80
Females 2006
London
84 or overKey
80 – 83Under 80
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5 (b) (i) Summarise the main changes shown in Figure 9.[4 marks]
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5 (b) (ii) Describe social and political implications of the changes shown in Figure 9.
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5 (c) ‘The positive impacts of population change on the character of rural and urban areas outweigh the negative impacts.’
To what extent do you agree with this view?[15 marks]
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6 Food Supply Issues
6 (a) Figure 10 shows world cereal production and area harvested from 1961–2004.
Due to copyright restrictions we are unable to electronically publish Figure 10.
Comment on the trends shown in Figure 10.[4 marks]
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6 (b) (i) Define the term ‘environmental stewardship’.[2 marks]
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6 (b) (ii) Describe how environmental stewardship can influence the level and nature of food production in the European Union.
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6 (c) Figure 11 shows dietary energy supply per person per day in 2003.
Due to copyright restrictions we are unable to electronically publish Figure 11.
Describe the pattern shown in Figure 11.[4 marks]
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6 (d) Explain how two or more of the following strategies can lead to an increase in food production:
appropriate/intermediate technology;
commercialisation;
land colonisation;
land reform.[15 marks]
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7 Energy Issues
7 (a) (i) What is meant by ‘co-operation in world affairs’ in the context of the geopolitics of energy?
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7 (a) (ii) Figure 12 is a graph from a newspaper showing the BP share price following the oil spill from the Deepwater Horizon rig in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010.
The rig was operated by BP, a British-based TNC.
Describe how Figure 12 illustrates conflict in world affairs relating to energy production.
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(35)
Figu
re 1
2
300
340
380
420
460
500
540
580
620
660
BP
shar
epr
ice
(pen
ce)
2030
Apr
ilM
ayJu
neJu
ly10
1010
2020
11
Day
1: 2
0 A
pril
Exp
losi
on a
nd fi
re o
n D
eepw
ater
Hor
izon
rig
kills
11.
Tw
o da
ys la
ter
the
rig s
inks
and
a
five-
mile
oil
slic
k fo
rms.
Th
ree
days
afte
r tha
t, fir
st a
ttem
pt to
plu
g le
ak fa
ils.
Day
10
Bar
ack
Oba
ma
says
BP
is
resp
onsi
ble
for t
he c
lean
-up
and
the
com
pany
acc
epts
re
spon
sibi
lity.
Day
22
Exe
cutiv
es fr
om B
P (r
ig
oper
ator
), Tr
anso
cean
(o
wne
r) a
nd H
allib
urto
n (fi
rm re
spon
sibl
e fo
r vita
l ce
men
t wor
k ar
ound
the
wel
lhea
d) a
ppea
r at
hear
ings
in W
ashi
ngto
n an
d th
e bl
ame
gam
e be
gins
.
Day
43
Sha
res
plun
ge a
fter
atte
mpt
to s
tem
oil
fails
.
Day
52
Dav
id C
amer
on o
ffers
to
help
BP
deal
with
the
spill
.
Day
50
Oba
ma
dem
ands
to
kno
w w
ho is
to
blam
e.
Day
70
BP
is fo
rced
to d
efen
d its
Chi
ef E
xecu
tive
Offi
cer a
fter R
ussi
an
offic
ial s
ays
he e
xpec
ts
him
to re
sign
soo
n.
Day
87
BP
says
it h
as
stop
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7 (b) (i) Figure 13 shows the amount of electricity generated from selected renewable sources in the UK from 2008 to 2010.
Figure 13
Electricity generated(Gigawatt hours)
Renewable source 2008 2009 2010
Wind energyOnshore 5792 7564 7137
Offshore 1305 1740 3046
Solar power 17 20 33
HydroelectricitySmall scale 568 598 511
Large scale 4600 4664 3092
Describe and comment on the trends shown in Figure 13.[4 marks]
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7 (b) (ii) Outline disadvantages of solar power.[4 marks]
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7 (c) To what extent can transport be developed to encourage sustainability?[15 marks]
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8 Health Issues
8 (a) (i) Figure 14 shows information for three different areas in Leeds Metropolitan District (MD).
Figure 14
Wealth indicator Health indicator
Area type:area name
Average house purchase price
(£)
Job seekers’ allowance
(%)
Coronary heart disease
prevalence (%)
Limiting long term
illness (%)
Inner city: Lincoln Green 63 421 13.17 2.25 25.29
Suburban: Cookridge 215 089 3.25 4.70 17.64
Rural-urban fringe: Scarcroft 307 437 1.46 4.30 15.12
Leeds MD 180 530 4.71 3.55 17.98
Comment on the information shown in Figure 14.[4 marks]
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8 (a) (ii) Describe how age and/or gender can influence access to facilities for health care.
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8 (b) (i) Define the term ‘obesity’.[2 marks]
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8 (b) (ii) Figure 15 shows the distribution of obesity in England, Scotland and Wales.
Figure 15
HighestKey
HighMediumLowLowest
Describe the distribution of obesity shown in Figure 15.[4 marks]
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8 (c) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of contrasting health care approaches in two or more countries at different stages of development.
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END OF QUESTIONS
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H/Jun14/GEOG1
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Acknowledgement of copyright-holders and publishers
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Figures 1a, 1b & 1c: Rivers and Coasts, Bob Hordern, 2006, Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan (for Hodder Education)Figure 2: Geography Review, The Brisbane Flood, Ian Mayer and Phil O’Brien, 2011 reproduced by permission of Philip Allan (for Hodder
Education)Figure 3: AS Geography, Amanda Barker, David Redfern and Malcolm Skinner, 2008, reproduced by permission of Philip Allan (for
Hodder Education)Figure 4: Diagram taken from John Davidson’s ‘Geofile Online for AQA (446): Glacial Landforms in the French Alps’, published by Nelson
Thornes in 2011Figures 5 & 6: Various diagrams taken from Lucy Prentice’s ‘Coastal systems: waves, tides, sediments and cells’ (575), published by Nelson
Thornes in September 2008Figure 7: © Getty imagesFigure 8: www.arachnoid.comFigure 9: Health and Health Risks, Michael Witherick, 2010, reproduced by permission of Philip Allan (for Hodder Education)Figure 12: 87 Days that changed the World, David Usborne, The Independent, www.independent.co.ukFigure 13: Contains public sector information under the Open Government Licence v1.0.Figure 14: Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v1.0. Figure 15: Health and Health Risks, Michael Witherick, 2010, reproduced by permission of Philip Allan (for Hodder Education)
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