A History of Western Society Eleventh Edition

CHAPTER 29 Challenging the Postwar Order

1960–1991

Copyright © 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin�s

John P. McKay • Clare Haru Crowston • Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks • Joe Perry

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s

A. Cold War Tensions Thaw 1. The Shift to the Left 2. Ostpolitik and Détente 3. The Helsinki Accords

4. The Welfare States

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s

B. The Affluent Society 1. Consumer Society 2. Fears of Consumerism 3. Family Ties

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s

C. The Counterculture Movement 1. Demographics 2. American Inspiration 3. The New Left

4. The Sexual Revolution 5. Drug Use and Music

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s D. The United States and Vietnam

1. American Involvement 2. Criticism 3. American Withdrawal

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s

E. Student Revolts and 1968 1. Demonstrations 2. The May Events 3. Divisions Within the Counterculture

I. Reform and Protest in the 1960s F. The 1960s in the East Bloc

1. Limited Market Economies 2. Limited Cultural Freedoms 3. The Prague Spring (1968)

4. The Brezhnev Doctrine

II. Crisis and Change in Western Europe

A. Economic Crisis and Hardship 1. Collapse of the International Monetary System 2. OPEC and the Oil Crisis 3. Stagflation

4. Toward a Postindustrial Society 5. Impact

II. Crisis and Change in Western Europe

B. The New Conservatism 1. Neoliberalism 2. Margaret Thatcher (b. 1925–2013) 3. Ronald Reagan (president 1981–1989)

4. Helmut Kohl (b. 1930) 5. François Mitterand (1916–1996)

II. Crisis and Change in Western Europe

C. Challenges and Victories for Women 1. The Feminist Movement 2. The Feminist Critique a. Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986) b. Betty Friedan (1921–2006) 3. More Rights for Women

II. Crisis and Change in Western Europe

D. The Rise of the Environmental Movement 1. Rachel Carson 2. The Ecological Agenda 3. Environmental Groups

II. Crisis and Change in Western Europe

E. Separatism and Right-Wing Extremism 1. Separatist Movements 2. The ETA 3. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA)

4. Right-Wing Extremists

III. The Decline of �Developed Socialism�

A. State and Society in the East Bloc 1. Developed Socialism 2. Everyday Life 3. Economic Decline

4. The One-Party State

III. The Decline of �Developed Socialism�

B. Dissent in Czechoslovakia and Poland 1. New Approaches 2. Václav Havel (1936–2011) 3. Karol Wojtyla

4. Solidarity

III. The Decline of “Developed Socialism”

C. From Détente Back to Cold War 1. The End of Détente 2. The American Response

III. The Decline of “Developed Socialism”

D. Gorbachev�s Reforms in the Soviet Union 1. Administrative Controls 2. Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931) 3. Perestroika

4. Glasnost 5. Additional Reforms

IV. The Revolutions of 1989

A. The Collapse of Communism in the East Bloc 1. Events in Poland 2. Events in Hungary 3. Events in East Germany

4. The Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia 5. Events in Romania

IV. The Revolutions of 1989

B. German Unification and the End of the Cold War 1. Popular Support 2. Helmut Kohl 3. International Agreement

IV. The Revolutions of 1989

C. The Disintegration of the Soviet Union 1. Electoral Defeats 2. Boris Yeltsin (1931–2007) 3. The Coup

4. The Collapse of the U.S.S.R.