a health impact assessment (hia) on a proposed “road diet...
TRANSCRIPT
A Health Impact Assessment (HIA) on a Proposed “Road Diet” and Re-Striping Project In Spartanburg, SC
Association for Commuter Transportation Annual Meeting
July 31, 2012 Maya Pack, MS, MPA
Health in All Policies
“A sweeping goal that aims to help decision makers understand the links between policies and interventions, health determinants, and the resulting health outcomes in a wide range of focus areas.”
Source: American Public Health Association
HIA Defined
A Health Impact Assessment is a combination of procedures, methods, and tools that systematically judges the potential, and sometimes unintended, effects of a policy, plan, or project on the health of a population and the distribution of those effects within the population.
Steps of an HIA
1. Screening 2. Scoping 3. Assessment 4. Develop Recommendations 5. Reporting 6. Monitoring & Evaluation
Housing 9%
Built environment
37%
Transportation 20%
Gambling 1%
Climate Change
1%
Natural Resources and
Energy 13%
Economic Policy
1%
Physical Activity
1%
Labor and Employment
5% Education
5%
Agriculture and Food
7% HIAs by Sector
Spartanburg Project
• Proposed Road Diet and Re-Striping of major thoroughfare in Spartanburg, SC
• Roads in South Carolina managed by state Department of Transportation
• Local transportation planners identified this project as a priority
Partners
• South Carolina Department of Health & Environmental Control (SC DHEC)
• South Carolina Institute of Medicine & Public Health (IMPH)
• Spartanburg Area Transportation Study (SPATS) • Partners for Active Living (PAL) • Berkeley/Charleston/Dorchester Council of Governments (BCD COG)
HIA Core Values
1. Democracy 2. Equity 3. Sustainable Development 4. Ethical Use of Evidence 5. Holistic Approach to Health
Source: The International Association of Impact Assessment (Quigley 2006)
A Vulnerable Population
• Average household income: – SC: $37,082 – Spartanburg County:$37,579 – zip code 29303: $28,343 – zip code 29306: $22,672
• Percent of families living below poverty level: – SC: 10.7% – Spartanburg County: 9.2% – zip code 29303: 13.3% – zip code 29306: 25.3%
ROAD DIET SECTION
BIKE LANE RESTRIPE SECTION
Proposed “Road Diet” Section
Example before
Example after
Road Diet Cross Section
Proposed Re-Stripe Section
Look at that wide outside lane!
Example before
Example after
Potential health determinants examined:
traffic safety physical activity
access to goods and services air quality
Safe Bicycle and Pedestrian Paths
Reduction in Motor Vehicles
Decrease in Motor Vehicle Collisions
Decrease in Injury and Deaths Due to Motor Vehicle
Collisions
Reconfiguration of Lanes
Reduction in Speed of Motor Vehicles
Traffic Safety: Causal pathway
Traffic Safety: Data collected
• Average Annual Daily Traffic Count • Bicycle Level of Service • Speed • Collisions
Safe Bike and Pedestrian Paths
Increased Opportunity for Physical Activity
Decrease in Obesity/Overweight
Decrease in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension, cancer, etc.
Physical Activity: Causal pathway
Physical Activity: Data collected
• Number of bikes on nearby bicycle racks • Number and trend of users of PAL’s bicycle lending
program • Number of bicyclists and pedestrians on DMA • Time that area residents spent biking and walking
Safe Bike and Pedestrian Pathways
Increased access to: parks, trails, grocery stores, farmer’s markets
Increased Opportunity for Physical Activity on
Trails and in Parks
Decrease in Obesity/Overweight
Decrease in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer
Increased Access to Healthy Foods
Access to Goods & Services: Causal pathway
Access to Goods & Services: Data collected
• Number and location of healthy food and services locations
• Number and location of connections including transit stops
• Transit ridership
Safe Bike and Pedestrian Paths
Reduction in Motor Vehicles
Decrease in Air Pollution
Decrease in Rates of Asthma and Other
Respiratory Illnesses
Air Quality: Causal pathway
Air Quality: Data collected
• Days ozone is above level of the standard • Hospital visits with asthma as primary
diagnosis (emergency department visits and inpatient visits by zip code)
“Cough, Cough!”
HIA Recommendations • Road Diet Section • Re-stripe Section • Expand and marketing of bicycle lending
program • Provide ample signs to remind motorists,
pedestrians, and bicyclists about road rules/safety
• Establish a cycling safety class
