byrepository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/6062/1/arifin a… · gender, race and so on....

i

TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATING

PHRASAL VERBS

By:

By:

Arifin Aryo Utomo

106026000979

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2011

ii

TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATING

PHRASAL VERBS

A Thesis

Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata 1

By:

By:

ARIFIN ARYO UTOMO

106026000979

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA

2011

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ABSTRACT

Arifin Aryo Utomo, Translation Qualities of Students in Translating PhrasalVerbs. Thesis. Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University SyarifHidayatullah Jakarta, 2010.

This research is aimed to know why the translation of phrasal verbs byEnglish Letters Department students are not in good qualities and to determinewhat factor is causing problem in translating phrasal verbs.

Moreover, the writer uses qualitative method. The writer gives a test to therespondents then analyzes the mistakes that happened to students in translatingphrasal verbs. The writer corrects them then concludes the result.

This research explains about the problem in translating phrasal verbs. Thewriter finds that only 132 phrasal verbs are translated in not good qualities bythirty students. The translations consist of separable 54 cases and inseparable 78cases. It means that the participants of this research translate 318 phrasal verbs ingood qualities.

After analyzing the translation of phrasal verbs made by students, thewriter finds out that mother tongue affect the result of students’ translation both inseparable and in inseparable phrasal verbs.

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APPROVEMENT

TRANSLATION QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN TRANSLATINGPHRASAL VERBS

A ThesisSubmitted to Faculty of Adab and HumanitiesIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of Strata 1

Arifin Aryo Utomo106026000979

Approved by:

Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.PdNIP. 19650919 200003 1 002

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENTFACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAHJAKARTA

2011

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LEGALIZATION

Name : Arifin Aryo UtomoNIM : 106026000979Thesis : Translation Qualities of Students in Translating Phrasal Verbs

The thesis has been defended before the Faculty of Adab and Humanities’Examination Committee on February 14, 2011. It has already been accepted as apartial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata 1.

Jakarta, February 14, 2011

Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Chair Person) _____________ _________19640710 199303 1 006

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) _____________ _________19781003 200112 2 002

3. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Advisor) _____________ _________19650919 200003 1 002

4. Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner I) _____________ _________150 181 922

5. Dr. Frans Sayogie, M.Pd, SH (Examiner II) _____________ _________19700310 200003 1 002

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of myknowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written byanother person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for theaward of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higherlearning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Jakarta, January 18, 2011

Arifin Aryo Utomo

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, the writer would like to express the most gratitude and praise

to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe for His help, affection and generosity in

completing his study in the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.

Then, peace and blessing are upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad SAW and

all of his family, his disciplines, and his followers.

The thesis is submitted in partial accomplishment of the requirements for

the Strata 1 Degree to the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters

Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

In the terms of completing his study, the writer would like to express his

deepest gratitude to the Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Dr. Abd. Wahid

Hasyim, M.Ag; The Head of English Letters Department, Drs. A. Saefuddin,

M.Pd; The Secretary of English Letters, Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum; and to all

lecturers who have taught him a lot of things during the study.

The writer’s family deserves his deepest esteem more than anyone else

does; his lovely parents (Sajiyo and Rubiyati), his younger sisters (Umi and

Luthfi), since they always support his financially, morally and spiritually.

In addition, the writer is deeply thankful to the individuals too numerous

to mention who have sent him suggestions, corrections, and criticisms, especially

Dr. M. Farkhan, M.Pd as his thesis advisor, whose every guidance, patience,

support and encouragement from the first to the final level that enable him to

develop an understanding of the subject.

viii

In addition, the writer would like to thank to the following fellows and

acquaintances; the student of class A 2006 and translation class for being his

classmates – for the joy of the friendship with Rangers (Galih, Jay, Lazu,

Ayunk), Ulfa, Deni, Indah, Anggi, Jabbar, Jule, Kiky, Mira, Nopita, Nuni, Tirta,

Yesika; for his special friend, Ayu Suwandi who gives him an extra spirit to do the

thesis; and whom cannot be voiced, for their memories, their laughs, their

activities, their supports, their spirit, their souls, their love conveyed him into life-

mature. Finally, the writer’s great thanks to the entire place that gave him

pleasures within his study process.

Jakarta, January 24, 2011

The Writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… i

APPROVEMENT …………………………………………………………….. ii

LEGALIZATION …………………………………………………………….. iii

DECLARATION ……………………………………………………………… iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …….……………………………………………... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….. vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………1A. Background of the Study…………………………….............................. 1B. Focus of the Study ……………………………………………………... 4C. Research Questions …………………………………………………… 4D. Objectives of the Study ………………………………………………… 5E. Significances of the Study……………………………………………... 5F. Research Methodology ……………………..………………………….. 5

1. Research Methods………… …………..……………………………. 52. Data Analysis ……………..………………………………………….53. Research Instruments …….…………………………………………..64. Respondents…………………………….……………………………. 6

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK …………………………..7A. Error……………………………………………………………………...7

1. The Definition of Errors…………………………………………….. 72. The Classification of Errors ………………………………………... 83. The Causes of Errors………………………………………………... 8

B. Error Analysis ………………..………………………………………… 111. The Definition of Error Analysis……………………………………. 112. The Objectives of Error Analysis…………………………………… 12

C. Translation…………….….…………………………………………….. 131. The Definition of Translation …………...………………………….. 132. Types of Translation…………………………………………………. 143. The Method of Translation ...…….…………………………………. 154. The Procedures of Translation ……………….……………………… 175. The Qualities of a Good Translation………………………………… 19

D. Phrasal Verbs…………………………………………………………… 201. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs …………………………………….. 202. Kind of Phrasal Verbs………………………………………………. 22

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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS …………...................................... 26A. Data Description ……………………………………………………….. 26B. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………… 36

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS............................... 61A. Conclusions …………………………………………………………...... 61B. Suggestions …………………………………………………………….. 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 64

APPENDIX

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The need for information and knowledge influence people to explore

science from various sources which are expected to provide new knowledge

and information they need. However, in reality, there are many books written

in foreign languages, especially English language has not been translated into

Indonesian. This could be a major obstacle for those who need information,

but lack of the ability to translate. Dick Hartoko in the book by A.

Widyamartaya said "The need of translating books is not a sign of

backwardness. But, it is a sign of openness to participate in information

exchange.”1

Translation is the comprehension of the meaning of a text and the

subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation,"

that communicates the same message in another language. The text that is

translated is called the source text, and the language that it is translated into is

called the target language. The product is sometimes called the target text.2 In

other hand, Catford said “Translation is the replacement of textual material in

one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”3

1 A. Widyamartaya, Seni Menerjemahkan (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989), p. 9

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation

3 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (London: Oxford University Press,1965), p.20.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation

2

Translating activities have a broad scope of various purposes. They

need not only high level of knowledge in linguistics, but also involve the

whole aspects of communication, such as knowledge, culture, belief, class,

gender, race and so on. Furthermore, in translating, there are many difficulties

because of lack of translating technique, vocabularies, sentence structure or

less mastered in English language. According to Gorsy Keraf (15:12) in a

book written by Salihen Moentaha said:

"Although Indonesian language can be classified into agglutinativelanguage types, Indonesian language near the analytical language suchas English, the fact that both languages have grammatical relationshipsshowed with syntactic words, word order and suprasegmental units(pressure, tone, intonation). Nevertheless, both languages are differentin lexical composition system, grammatical system……"4

In this case, the writer wanted to discuss the translation of two word

verbs, or also commonly referred as phrasal verbs.

“An idiom is a group of words, and often difficult to understand fromthe individual words. Many of them are phrasal verbs (separable andinseparable). The separable verbs are usually followed with particleexpression: up, down, on, off, in, out, away, back, over; while theinseparable ones are followed with prepositional expressions: on, at,to, from, for, of, into.”5

Two word verbs or phrasal verbs themselves are familiar for people or

students who like watching movies, reading a novel or a newspaper using

English. They were often used in conversation. Two word verbs or phrasal

verbs have different meanings of words that formed it, so translators must

understand the context, do not immediately translate a word for word or

4 Salihen Moentaha, Bahasa dan Terjemahan (Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc, 2006), p.13.

5 Robert Krohn, English Sentence Structure (Ann Arbor: The University of MichiganPress, 1977), p. 121.

3

literally. "The difficulties in lexical transfer are caused by Indonesian

translators who often divert words, phrases, idiomatic expressions, figurative

expressions, and proverbs without context.”6

The writer wants to give some examples or a description of problems

that often occur when phrasal verbs are translated from English into

Indonesian in English Letters Department students:

1. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.

( John menawarkan secangkir teh kepada Susie.)

The correct translation:

(John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.)

2. I usually get on the bus at the station.

( Saya biasanya menunggu bis di terminal.)


(Saya biasanya naik bis di terminal.)

3. If you really like Jane, take her out.

( Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ambillah dia.)


(Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ajaklah ia kencan.

4. You must look after Andi today.

(Kamu harus mencari Andi hari ini.)


(Kamu harus menjaga Andi hari ini.)

6 Frans Sayogie, Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta:Lembaga Penelitian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2008), p. 71.

4

5. We have a lot of things to answer for.

(Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dijawab.)


(Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan.

The importance of learning and understanding more about phrasal

verbs is the reason for the writer choosing this topic. This study can lead the

translators be more observant in translating phrasal verbs.

B. Focus of the Study

To present comprehensive study of the topic, the writer limits the

scope of the study. Limitation in this research problem concerns in the

translation of phrasal verbs. Sources of data are obtained from respondents;

they are students of English Letters Department, majoring in Translation, State

Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

C. Research Questions

Based on the limitation problems above, the writer formulated the

following research questions:

1. Why the translations of phrasal verbs by English Letters Department

students are not in good qualities?

2. What is factor causing problem in the translation of phrasal verbs by

students of English Letters Department Syarif Hidayatullah?

5

D. Objectives of the Study

This study aims:

1. To know why the translation of phrasal verbs by English Letters

Department students are not in good qualities,

2. To determine what factor is causing problem in translating phrasal

verbs.

E. Significances of the Study

The study is expected to provide benefits to the writer and also the reader.

1. To enrich knowledge about phrasal verbs and their usage,

2. To be more observant in translating phrasal verbs in order not to repeat

the same mistakes in the future.

F. Research Methodology

a. Research Methods

The method used in this research is qualitative method. The writer

gives a test to the respondents then analyzes the mistakes that happened to

students in translating phrasal verbs. The writer corrects them then

concludes the result.

b. Data Analysis

In this research, the writer will analyze the data by using

descriptive analysis technique. The writer collecting data from the

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respondents by giving a test, then describes the data and analyzes the

problem occurred in translating the phrasal verbs.

c. Research Instruments

Instruments used were the writer himself as a tool to obtain data by

collecting data obtained from respondents and the theories supporting

research. The writer analyzes the data and then concludes them.

d. Respondents

Respondents in this study are thirty English Letters Department

students, majoring in Translation, State Islamic University Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta.

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CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Translation

1. The Definition of Translation

In translating activities, the theory of language and general

linguistic is always being used. According to experts, there are some

definitions of translation as follows:

1. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the

closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first

in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.7

2. Translation is the replacement of an original text with another

text.8

3. Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another

language in the way that the author intended the text.9

4. Translation is a craft consisting in attempt to replace a written

message and or statement in one language by the same message

and or statement in another language.10

7Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation (Leiden:E.J. Brill, 1974), p. 12.

8 Juliane House, Translation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), p. 3.

9Peter Newmark, A Text Book of Translation (Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988), p. 5.

10Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation (England: Pergamon Press, 1981), p. 13.

8

5. Translation is an operation performed on languages: a process

of substituting a text in one language for a text in another.11

6. Larson quoted by Choliludin says that “translation consists of

translating the meaning of the source language into receptor

language. This is done by going from the form of the first

language to the form of a second language by way of semantic

structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be

held constant. Only the form changes.”12

In conclusion, translation is a process of replacing a text in one

language by an equivalent text in another.

2. The Types of Translation

Brislin categorizes translation into four types based on the purposes

of translation, namely:13

1. Pragmatic Translation

It refers to the translation of a message with an interest in

accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in

the source language form and it is not concerned with other

aspects of the original language version.

2. Aesthetic-poetic Translation

11J. C Catford (1965), op.cit. p.1.

12Choliludin, The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation (Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc,2005), p. 4.

13Ibid. pp. 26-29.

9

This refers to translation in which the translator takes into

account the affect, emotion, and feelings of an original agnate

version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well

as any information in the message. The examples of this type

are the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic

dialogue, and novel.

3. Ethnographic Translation

The purpose of ethnographic translation is to explicate the

cultural context of the source and TL versions. Translators have

to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how

the words fit into cultures.

4. Linguistic Translation

This is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent

morphemes of the source language and grammatical form, an

example is language in a computer program and machine

translation.

3. The Method of Translation

According to Newmark, there are methods of translation as

follows:

1. Word-for-word Translation

This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the

TL immediately below the SL words. The SL word-order is

preserved and the words translated singly by their most

10

common meanings, out of context. Cultural words are

translated literally.

2. Literal Translation

The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their

nearest TL equivalents but the lexical words are again

translated singly, out of context. As a pre-translation process,

this indicates the problems to be solved.

3. Faithful Translation

A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise

contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the

TL grammatical structures. It ‘transfers’ cultural words and

preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ‘abnormality’

(deviation from SL norms) in the translation. It attempts to be

completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realisation

(sic) of the SL writer.

4. Semantic Translation

Semantic translation differs from ‘faithful translation’ only in

as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value (that

is, the beautiful and natural sound) of the SL text,

compromising on ’meaning’ where appropriate so that no

assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version.

5. Adaptation

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This is ‘freest’ form of translation. It is used mainly for plays

(comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually

preserved, the SL culture converted to the TL culture and text

rewritten. The deplorable practice of having a play or poem

literally translated and then rewritten by an established

dramatist or poet has produced many poor adaptations, but

other adaptations have ‘rescued’ period plays.

6. Free Translation

Free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or

the content without the form of the original. Usually it is a

paraphrase much longer than the original, a so-called

‘intralingual translation’ often prolix and pretentious, and not

translation at all.

7. Idiomatic Translation

Idiomatic translation reproduces the ‘message’ of the original

but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring

colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the

original.

8. Communicative Translation

Communicative translation attempts to render the exact

contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both

12

content and language are readily acceptable and

comprehensible to the readership.14

4. The Procedures of Translation

The following are the translation procedures that Newmark

proposes:15

a. Transference: it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text.

b. Naturalization: it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation,

then to the normal morphology of the TL.

c. Cultural equivalent: This is an approximately translation where a SL

cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word.

d. Functional equivalent: it applied to cultural words, requires the use of a

culture free word.

e. Descriptive equivalent: in translation, description sometimes has to be

weighed against function.

f. Synonymy: it is near TL equivalent to SL word in a context, where a

precise equivalent may or may not exist. This procedure is used for a SL

word where there is no clear one-to-one equivalent, and the word not

important in the text.

g. Through-translation: it is the literal translation of common collocations,

names of organizations and components of compounds.

h. Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to

TL, for example, the change from singular to plural, the change required

14Peter Newmark (1988), op.cit. pp. 45-47.

15Ibid. pp. 81-91.

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when a SL grammatical structure does not exist in the TL, the change

where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with

natural usage in the TL, and the replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a

grammatical structure.

i. Modulation: it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the

original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL,

since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective.

j. Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator "normally uses the

official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term.”

k. Compensation: it occurs when loss of meaning, sound effect, methapor or

pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part.

l. Componential analysis: it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word

which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent,

by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense

components.

m. Paraphrase: this is an amplification or explanation of the meaning of a

segment of the text.

n. Couplets: it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures.

o. Notes: notes are additional information in a translation.

5. The Qualities of a Good Translation

The three most important qualities of a good translation are:

14

1. Accuracy: Correct exegesis of the source message, and transfer of the

meaning of that message as exactly as possible into receptor

language.

2. Clarity: There may be several different ways of expressing an idea –

choose the way which communicates most clearly; the way

which ordinary people will understand.

3. Naturalness: It is important to use the natural form of the receptor

language, if the translation is to be effective and acceptable.

A translation should not sound foreign.16

There is an important factor which can affect the result of the

translation, it stated in Whorfian hypothesis “Our mother tongue shapes

and constrains our thoughts and behaviours.”17 Applied to translation, this

implies not only that the appropriate meanings in the target language can

neither be accessed nor reproduced by the translator because words across

languages never exactly correspond as lexical items.

B. Phrasal Verbs

1. The Definition of Phrasal Verbs

Many people think that phrasal verbs are idiom, whereas they are

different, despite some similarities. The reason is, as many phrasal verbs

are commonly used in idioms. “Phrasal verbs are very characteristic part

16Anonymous, Introduction to Semantics and Translation (Horsley Green: SUMMERINSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS, 1980), p. 15.

17Juliane House (2009), op.cit. p. 39.

15

of good idiomatic English”.18 Furthermore, to give more explanation about

phrasal verbs, there are three definitions as follows:

1. Phrasal verbs is a compound word composed by an ordinary

verb plus a preposition or an adverb (Verb + Preposition /

Adverb), after which, each of the new compound words will

have different meaning, diverging one from the others and even

sometimes from the original verb.19

2. The construction of verb plus post verbal particle, though it has

been variously referred to as “verb-adverb combination”

(Kennedy 1920), “verb-particle construction” (Lipka 1972),

and “verb-particle combination” (Fraser 1976), is now

generally designated the “phrasal verb”.20

3. Phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb or a

preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new meaning.21

Here are the examples of phrasal verb:

a. Verb + Preposition : look for, look after, go in front

etc.

18Bernhard Kettemann and Georg Marko, Teaching and Learning by Doing CorpusAnalysis (New York: Rodopi, 2002), p. 361.

19Rachmat Effendi P, Cara Mudah Menulis dan Menerjemahkan (Jakarta: HAPSA etSTUDIA, 2004), p. 124.

20Laurel J. Brinton and Minoji Akimoto, Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects ofComposite Predicates in the History of English (Amsterdam: John Benjamins PublishingCompany, 1999), p. 3.

21Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.988.

16

go on, go by, hang on, hang

over etc.

stand for, stand by, stand out,

etc.

b. Verb + Adverb : hang around, hang back, set

back, etc.

look up, go away, take a back,

take away,etc.

See the newly- modified words, for examples the bare word look

first it means see but the newly modified word look for means search,

look up = appreciate/upward, and look after = take care of. Similarly,

word take. First it means pick but take off = leave a place, ‘take a back =

astonished; take away = go away. Word stand, first it means take

position or abide, but stand for = mean; stand by = be in a place; stand

out = seen easily. Any words using adverb is also treated the same: hang

around = be in a place; hang back = hesitate; go away = move away; go

by = elapse. In treating phrasal verb, the object of sentence is normally

inserted between the ordinary verb and the following preposition or

adverb, although not absolutely.22”Phrasal verbs may be both intransitive

(e.g. take off, touchdown, catch on) and transitive (e.g. look up, live down,

put on, call off, turn over, hand in, push through).”23

22Rachmat Effendi P, loc.cit.

23Laurel J. Brinton and Minoji Akimoto (1999), loc. cit.

17

2. Kind of Phrasal Verbs

a. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

Certain prepositions customarily follow certain verbs.

These prepositions are sometimes called particles. The following is

a short list of some common verb + particle combinations in

English. These phrasal verbs are “inseparable” because the particle

has only one position in the sentence. In most cases, it immediately

follows the verb. Following is a short list of inseparable phrasal

verbs with their idiomatic meanings.24

Verbs Examples MeaningsCome back

Drop (stop) by

Get along with

Get together with

Get up

Go over

Grow up

Live on

Look after

Look like

Are you going tocome back early?My neighbordropped by thisafternoon.The Smiths getalong with theirneighbors.Let’s get togetherwith the Nelsons thisweekend.On weekends,everybody gets uplate.Let’s go over thehomework.I grew up inWisconsin.Can you live on$500 a month?Will you look afterthe boys while I’mout?You look like your

Return

Visit

Be friendly with

Meet socially

Leave one’s bed aftersleeping

Review; correct

Become an adult

Exist; support oneselffinanciallySupervise; watch

Resemble

24Patricia K. Werner, et al., Interactions Grammar 2 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985), 4th

edition, pp.141-143.

18

Move out of(move into)

Run into

Stay up

father.When are youmoving out of yourapartment?When are youmoving into yournew house?I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.How late did youstay up last night?

Leave; relocate

Meet accidentally

Remain awake

b. Separable Phrasal Verbs

With inseparable verbs, the verb and particle are a unit;

they must be together. However, English also has separable

phrasal verbs. With these verb + particle combinations, noun

objects may come after the verb + particle or between them.

Pronoun objects must come between the verb and particle.

Compare:25

Examples MeaningsInseparable My mother ran into

Laurie.(noun)My mother ran intoher.(pronoun)

My mother sawLaurie.

My mother saw her.

Separable I called up mymother.

(noun)I called my motherup.

(noun)I called her up. (pronoun)

I telephoned mymother.

I telephoned mymother.

I telephoned her.

25Ibid. pp. 147-148.

19

The following are other examples of separable phrasal

verbs:

Common Separable Phrasal VerbsVerbs Examples Meanings

Bring up

Call up

Drop off

Figure out

Find out

Help out

Look over

Pick out

Pick up

Take out

Talk over

Think over

Throw away

Try out

Wake up

Work out

Dawn is bringingher kids up byherself.Yesterday my soncalled me up.Could you drop meoff downtown?

I can’t figure outthis problem.Did you find out herphone number?My mother oftenhelps me out withthe kids.Please look overyour paper beforeyou give it to me.Did you pick out apresent?I pick her up afterclass.Please take out thegarbage.We talked thesituation over.I’ll think over youradvice.Did you throwyesterday’s paperaway?Let’s try out thesenew skis.The phone woke meup.I hope we can workit out.

Raise (a family)

Telephone (verb)

Take someone orsomething (on theway somewhere,often by car)Understand, solve ( aproblem); decideLearn, discover

Assist, help

Read quickly; review

Choose, select

Go (often by car) toget someoneTake outside

Discuss

Think aboutsomething carefully.Discard; put in thegarbage

Test, experimentwithCause someone tostop sleepingFind a solution,resolve something.

20

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDINGS

A. Data Description

To know the results of the test, the writer tabulates the students’

translations which are not in good qualities and the data are tabulated

below.

Table 1

Phrasal verbNameSeparable Inseparable

Student 1 2 cases 4 casesStudent 2 3 cases 3 casesStudent 3 3 cases 4 casesStudent 4 2 cases 3 casesStudent 5 1 case 1 caseStudent 6 1 case 4 casesStudent 7 2 cases 2 casesStudent 8 2 cases 1 caseStudent 9 1 case 5 casesStudent 10 1 case 6 casesStudent 11 3 cases 1 caseStudent 12 1 case 3 casesStudent 13 3 cases 0 caseStudent 14 1 case 2 casesStudent 15 1 case 5 casesStudent 16 2 cases 2 casesStudent 17 1 case 1 caseStudent 18 2 cases 2 casesStudent 19 4 cases 5 casesStudent 20 0 case 4 casesStudent 21 1 case 2 casesStudent 22 3 cases 1 caseStudent 23 3 cases 3 casesStudent 24 2 cases 2 casesStudent 25 2 cases 2 casesStudent 26 0 case 4 casesStudent 27 2 cases 1 case

21

Student 28 1 case 1 caseStudent 29 1 case 1 caseStudent 30 3 cases 3 cases

Total 54 cases 78 cases

Table 2Data Reconstruction

Student Sentence Students’Translation

Correct Translation

John asked Susiefor a cup of tea.

John menanyakanSusie secangkir teh.

John meminta secangkirteh kepada Susie.

Jim lives on $500a month.

Jim tinggal 500dolar sebulan.

Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.

You must lookafter Andi today.

Kamu harus mencariAndi hari ini.

Kamu harus menjagaAndi hari ini.

I ran into an oldfriend yesterday.

Saya pergi ke temanlama kemarin.

Saya bertemu teman lamakemarin.

A beautifulwoman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.

Kemarin ada seorangwanita cantikmenungguku direstoran.

Seorang wanita cantikmelayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.

1

She has a new haton today.

Dia mempunyai topibaru sekarang.

Hari ini dia memakai topibaru.








Saya menemuiteman lama kemarin.


I will call for youat 7 tonight.

Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.

Saya akan menjemputmujam 7 malam.

Clean the tableoff, please!

Tolong bersihkanmeja itu!

Tolong kosongkan mejaitu!

2

Put your toysaway, Kid!

Buang semuamainanmu itu, nak!

Simpan kembalimainanmu, Nak!

3 Jim lives on $500a month.

Jim hidup dengan500 dolar per bulan.


22




We have a lot ofthings to answerfor.

Kita punya banyakhal yang harusdijawab.

Kita punya banyak halyang harusdipertanggungjawabkan.

If you really likeJane, take her out.

Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iakeluar.

Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah iakencan.

The troops blowup the bridge.

Para pasukanmengepungjembatan itu.

Para pasukanmeledakkan jembatan itu.

He puts his hat onand leaves theroom.

Dia meletakkantopinya danmeninggalkanruangan.

Dia memakai topinya danmeninggalkan ruangan.


Seorang wanitacantik menunggusaya di restoran itukemarin.






Saya mengunjungiteman lama kemarin.


I usually get onthe bus at thestation.

Biasanya sayamenunggu bus diterminal.

Saya biasa naik bus diterminal.




4


Aku akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.





5Clean the tableoff, please!

Tolong kamubersihkan meja itu!




Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.6

You must look Kamu harus Kamu harus menjaga

23

after Andi today. menjenguk Andihari ini.

Andi hari ini.


Kita mempunyaibanyak hal untukmenjawab itu.



Saya biasanyamenunggu bus diterminal.



Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, kejarlah ia.



Kami mempunyaibanyak alasan untukmenjawab.



Saya akanmenghubungimujam 7 malam.



Tolong kaubersihkan meja itu!


7





John menawarkanSusie secangkir teh.




Jim menghabiskan 500dolar per bulan.8


Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iapergi.









Kita memilikibanyak hal untukdijawab.



Aku akanmeneleponmu jam 7malam.





9

A beautiful Kemarin seorang Seorang wanita cantik

24

woman waited onme in therestaurantyesterday.

wanita cantikmenungguku direstoran itu.

melayani saya di restoranitu kemarin.


Jim berpendapatan500 dolar per bulan.



Kamu harusmengunjungi Andihari ini.



Kita punya banyakcara untukmenjawabnya.



Saya biasanyamencari bus diterminal.








10


Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itukemarin.



John menawarkansecangkir teh kepadaSusie.








11





Saya menghampiriteman lama kemarin.





12


Saya akanmeneleponmu jam 7


25

malam.Clean the tableoff, please!



If you really loveJane, take her out.

Jika kamu benar-benar mencintaiJane, bawalah iapergi.

Jika kamu benar-benarmencintai Jane, ajak iaberkencan.




13


Buang mainanmuitu, nak!



Kita memilikibanyak hal untukdijawab.





14














Kita mempunyaibanyak hal untukmenjawab itu.





15













16

Clean the table Tolong bersihkan Tolong kosongkan meja

26

off, please! meja itu! itu!Jim lives on $500a month.



17 If you really likeJane, take her out.







Kita punya banyakalasan untukmenjawabnya.





18























Buang mainanmuitu, nak!



Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itukemarin.


19


Dia mempunyai topibaru hari ini.


20 Jim lives on $500a month.



27


Kamu harusmenjenguk Andihari ini.






Saya biasanyamencari bus diterminal.








21




The troops blowup the bridge









22


Dia mempunyai topibaru.












Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, ambillah dia.





23

A beautifulwoman waited onme in the

Seorang wanitacantik menunggukudi restoran itu


28

restaurantyesterday.

kemarin.










24













25








Kita punya banyakpersoalan untukdijawab.





26










27


Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai

Jika kamu benar-benarmenyukai Jane, ajaklah ia

29

Jane, bawalah iapergi.

kencan.




28Clean the tableoff, please!




Kamu harusmengunjungi Andihari ini.


29 If you really likeJane, take her out.

Jika kamu benar-benar menyukaiJane, bawalah iakeluar.








He puts his hat onand leaves theroom.

Dia meletakkantopinya danmeninggalkanruangan.

Dia memakai topinya danmeninggalkan ruangan.







30


Dia mempunyai topibaru.


B. Data Analysis

According to two tables of data description above, the writer finds

that only 132 phrasal verbs are not translated in good qualities by thirty

students. The translations consist of separable (54 cases) and inseparable

30

(78 cases). It means that the participants of this research translate 318

phrasal verbs in good qualities.

In this analysis the writer will focus on the students’ translations

whether in translating separable or inseparable phrasal verbs which are not

in good qualities. The analyses can be described as follows:

1. Separable Phrasal Verbs

a. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.

According to the sentence above, the writer finds out that

there are two cases of translation which are not in good qualities.

Here are the examples:

1. John menanyakan Susie secangkir teh. (student

1,2,4,16,19)

- The translation above isn’t in good qualities because it

doesn’t have three criteria of accuracy, clarity and

naturalness. The students translated the phrasal verb

“asked for” in the source language into “menanyakan”

in the target language. It makes the sentence being out

of context. The word “ask” means to say or write

something in the form of question, but if it combined

with the word “for”, the meaning becomes to request.

Then, the writer suggests that the translation should be

“John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.”

31

2. John menawarkan Susie secangkir teh. (student

8,11,18,23,27)




“asked for” in the source language into “menawarkan”


of context. The word “ask” means to say or write

something in the form of question, but if it combined

with the word “for”, the meaning becomes to request.


“John meminta secangkir teh kepada Susie.”

b. If you really like Jane, take her out.


there are four cases of translation which are not in good qualities.


1. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, bawalah ia

keluar. (student 3,29)



naturalness. The student translated the phrasal verb

“take out” in the source language into ”bawalah ia

32

keluar” in the target language. It makes the sentence

being out of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take

out” is to go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc.

with somebody who has invited. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Jika kamu

benar-benar mencintai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”

2. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, kejarlah ia.

(student 6)




“take out” in the source language into”kejarlah ia” in

the target language. It makes the sentence being out of

context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take out” is to

go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc. with

somebody who has invited. Then, the writer suggests

that the translation should be “Jika kamu benar-benar

menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”

3. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, bawalah ia

pergi. (student 6,8,12,13,17,27,29)




33

“take out” in the source language into ”bawalah ia

pergi” in the target language. It makes the sentence

being out of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take

out” is to go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc.

with somebody who has invited. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Jika kamu

benar-benar menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”

4. Jika kamu benar-benar menyukai Jane, ambillah dia.

(student 23)




“take out” in the source language into ”ambillah dia”


of context. The meaning of phrasal verb “take out” is to

go to restaurant, theatre, club, dating, etc. with

somebody who has invited. Then, the writer suggests

that the translation should be “Jika kamu benar-benar

menyukai Jane ajaklah ia kencan.”

c. The troops blow up the bridge.

34


there is only one case of translation which is not in good qualities.

Here is the example:

1. Para pasukan mengepung jembatan itu. (student

3,4,22,23,24,25)




“blow up” in the source language into ”mengepung” in


context. The meaning of phrasal verb “blow up” is to

destroy something by an explosion. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Para pasukan

meledakkan jembatan itu”.

d. He puts his hat on and leaves the room.




1. Dia meletakkan topinya dan meninggalkan ruangan.

(student 3,30)



35


“put on” in the source language into ”meletakkan” in


context. The word “put” means to place something, but

if it combined with the word “on”, the meaning

becomes to dress on oneself. Then, the writer suggests

that the translation should be “Dia memakai topinya

dan meninggalkan ruangan.”

e. Clean the table off please!




1. Tolong bersihkan meja itu!

(student

2,5,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18,19,21,22,24,25,28,30)




“clean off” in the source language into “bersihkan” in

the target language. The suitable phrasal verb for the

word “bersihkan” is “clean up”. Then, the meaning of

“clean off” is removing from the surface of something.

36


“Tolong kosongkan meja itu.”

f. Put your toys away, Kid!




1. Buang semua mainanmu itu, Nak! (student

2,7,11,13,19)




“put away” in the source language into “buang” in the

target language. The suitable phrasal verb for the word

“buang” is “throw away”. “Put away” means put

something in the place where it is kept. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Simpan kembali

mainanmu, Nak!”

g. She has a new hat on today.




37

1. Dia mempunyai topi baru sekarang. (student

1,19,22,30)




“has on” in the source language into “mempunyai” in


context. The word “has” means belong, own or

possess, but if it combined with the word “on”, the

meaning becomes to dress on oneself. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Dia memakai

topi baru hari ini.”

2. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs

a. Jim lives on $500 a month.


there are three cases of translation which are not in good qualities.


1. Jim tinggal 500 dolar per bulan. (student 1,17,19)




“live on” in the target language into “tinggal” in the

38

target language. It makes the sentence being out of

context. The word “live” combined with the word “on”

means to spend or to exist. Then, the writer suggests

that the translation should be “Jim menghabiskan 500

dolar per bulan.”

2. Jim hidup dengan 500 dolar per bulan. (student

3,6,8,15,20,23,27)




“live on” in the target language into “hidup dengan” in





dolar per bulan.”

3. Jim berpendapatan 500 dolar per bulan. (student 10)




“live on” in the target language into “bependapatan” in



39



dolar per bulan.”

b. You must look after Andi today.


there are three cases of translation which are not in good qualities.


1. Kamu harus mencari Andi hari ini. (student

1,2,5,9,15,19,23)




“look after” in the source language into ”mencari” in


context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word

“mencari” is “look for”. “Look after” means to

supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Kamu harus

menjaga Andi hari ini.”

2. Kamu harus menjenguk Andi hari ini. (student 6,20)



40


“look after” in the source language into ”menjenguk”


of context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word

“mengunjungi” is “look in”. “Look after” means to

supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be “Kamu harus

menjaga Andi hari ini.”

3. Kamu harus mengunjungi Andi hari ini. (student

10,29)




“look after” in the source language into

”mengunjungi” in the target language. It makes the

sentence being out of context. The suitable phrasal verb

for the word “mengunjungi” is “look in”. “Look after”

means to supervise, to take care or to watch. Then, the

writer suggests that the translation should be “Kamu

harus menjaga Andi hari ini.”

c. I ran into an old friend yesterday.

41


there are four cases of translation which are not in good qualities.


1. Saya pergi ke teman lama kemarin. (student 1,9,15,19)




“run into” in the source language into “pergi ke” in the


context. The meaning of “run into” is meeting

somebody accidentally. Then, the writer suggests that

the translation should be ”Saya bertemu teman lama

kemarin.”

2. Saya menemui teman lama kemarin. (student 2,3,26)




“run into” in the source language into “menemui” in



“menemui” is “look in”. The meaning of “run into” is

meeting somebody accidentally. Then, the writer

42

suggests that the translation should be ”Saya bertemu

teman lama kemarin.”

3. Saya mengunjungi teman lama kemarin. (student

4,16,20)




“run into” in the source language into “mengunjungi”


of context. The suitable phrasal verb for the word

“mengunjungi” is “look in”. The meaning of “run

into” is meeting somebody accidentally. Then, the

writer suggests that the translation should be ”Saya

bertemu teman lama kemarin.”

4. Saya menghampiri teman lama kemarin. (student 12)




“run into” in the source language into “menghampiri”


of context. The meaning of “run into” is meeting

somebody accidentally. Then, the writer suggests that

43

the translation should be ”Saya bertemu teman lama

kemarin.”

d. We have a lot of things to answer for.




1. Kita punya banyak hal yang harus dijawab. (student

3,9,24,26,30,14)




“answer for” in the source language into “dijawab” in


context. The meaning of “answer for” is to accept

responsibility. Then, the writer suggests that the

translation should be ”Kita punya banyak hal yang

harus dipertanggungjawabkan.”

2. Kita punya banyak alasan untuk menjawabnya.

(6,7,10,15,10,18,21,25)




44

“answer for” in the source language into

“menjawabnya” in the target language. It makes the

sentence being out of context. The meaning of “answer

for” is to accept responsibility. Then, the writer

suggests that the translation should be ”Kita punya

banyak hal yang harus dipertanggungjawabkan.”

e. I usually get on the bus at the station.




1. Biasanya saya menunggu bus di terminal. (student 4,6)




“get on” in the source language into “menunggu” in



“menunggu” is “wait for”. “Get on” means to enter, or

board. Then, the writer suggests that the translation

should be “Saya biasa naik bus di terminal.”

2. Saya biasanya mencari bus di terminal. (student 10,20)

45




“get on” in the source language into “mencari” in the



“mencari” is “look for”. “Get on” means to enter, or

board. Then, the writer suggests that the translation

should be “Saya biasa naik bus di terminal.”

f. I will call for you at 7 tonight.




1. Saya akan meneleponmu jam 7 malam. (student

2,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,19,22,26,28,30)




“call for” in the source language into “menelepon” in


context. The suitable phrasal verb for “menelepon” is

“call up.” “Call for” means to collect somebody to go

46

somewhere. Then, the writer suggests that the

translation should be “Saya akan menjemputmu jam 7

malam.”

2. Aku akan menghubungimu jam 7 malam. (student

4,7,18,21,24,25)




“call for” in the source language into “menghubungi”


of context. The suitable phrasal verb for “menelepon” is

“call up.” “Call for” means to collect somebody to go

somewhere. Then, the writer suggests that the

translation should be “Saya akan menjemputmu jam 7

malam.”

g. A beautiful woman waited on me in the restaurant yesterday.


there is only one case of translation which are not in good qualities.


1. Kemarin ada seorang wanita cantik menungguku di

restoran. (student 1,3,9,10,19,23,26,30)

47




“wait on” in the source language into “menunggu” in



“menunggu” is “wait for”. “Wait on” means to serve;

attend to; in a store or shop. Then, the writer suggests

that the translation should be “Seorang wanita cantik

melayani saya di restoran itu kemarin”.

After analyzing the translation by students, the writer finds that

mother tongue plays an important role in order to produce a good

translation. Mother tongue can affect the result of the students’ translation.

Indonesian language as students’ first language imposes their second

language learning process. It can lead to a faulty grammatical pattern or

wrong choice of vocabulary. Therefore, the students face difficulty to

translate the phrasal verbs correctly. Some of them find a problem in

identifying the phrasal verbs. It is a natural problem for the students.

Learning English in a non-English spoken country as in Indonesia is the

reason why the problem happens.

48

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. CONCLUSIONS

Every language has its own rule and structure. Therefore, the

students who learn second language such as English might face many

difficulties in expressing idea in written language. Phrasal verb is one of

the examples.

After analyzing the translation of phrasal verbs made by students,

the writer finds out that mother tongue affect the result of students’

translation both in separable and in inseparable phrasal verbs. There are

only 132 phrasal verbs which could not be translated in good qualities by

the respondents. Indonesian language as students’ first language imposes

their second language learning process. It can lead to a faulty grammatical

pattern or wrong choice of vocabulary. Therefore, the students face

difficulty to translate the phrasal verbs correctly. Some of them find a

problem in identifying the phrasal verbs. It is a natural problem for the

students. Learning English in a non-English spoken country as in

Indonesia is the reason why the problem happens.

B. SUGGESTIONS

Based on the results of the research, the writer addresses some

suggestions as follows:

49

1. The students should improve their mastery in English especially

phrasal verbs not only in the classroom but also outside the classroom

since the writer finds that the teaching of phrasal verbs in the

classroom is still lack of effectiveness.

2. The lectures should not only give the materials completely and

comprehensively but also monitor the students’ understanding towards

those materials.

Finally, the writer hopes that this study will be useful for the future

improvement in studying phrasal verbs in English Letters Department, also

for the readers who want to do further research of phrasal verbs.

50

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Brinton, Laurel J. and Minoji Akimoto. Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects ofComposite Predicates in the History of English. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins Publishing Company, 1999.

Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford UniversityPress, 1965.

Choliludin. The Technique of Making Idiomatic Translation. Jakarta: KesaintBlanc, 2005.

Effendi P, Rachmat. Cara Mudah Menulis dan Menerjemahkan. Jakarta: HAPSAet STUDIA, 2004.

House, Juliane. Translation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Kettemann, Bernhard and Georg Marko. Teaching and Learning by Doing CorpusAnalysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002.

Krohn, Robert. English Sentence Structure. Ann Arbor: The University ofMichigan Press, 1977.

Moentaha, Salihen. Bahasa dan Terjemahan. Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc, 2006.

Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. England: Pergamon Press, 1981.

_______. A Text Book of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation.Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974.

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press,2000.

Sayogie, Frans. Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2008.

Werner, Patricia K. et. al. Interactions Grammar 2. New York: McGraw-Hill,1985.

51

Widyamartaya, A. Seni Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989.

Websites:



APPENDIX

Translate the following sentences correctly!

1. John asked Susie for a cup of tea.

2. Jim lives on $500 a month.

3. You must look after Andi today.

4. Would you please add these names on to the list?

5. I ran into an old friend yesterday.

6. We have a lot of things to answer for.

7. I usually get on the bus at the station.

8. If you really love Jane, take her out.

9. The troops blow up the bridge.

10. I will call for you at 7 tonight.

11. He puts his hat on and leaves the room.

12. Clean the table off, please!

13. Put your toys away, Kid!

14. A beautiful woman waited on me in the restaurant yesterday.

15. She has a new hat on today.

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