a distribution of submental artery, especially the relation between lingual foramen and a sublingual...
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and female lastborns had an earlier age at first sexual intercourse. Female middlebornshad an earlier age of first pregnancy but they did not differ in terms of age at first birthfrom firstborns. However, male middleborns have an older age at first birth.Middleborns have fewer children than firstborns. In addition, middleborns andlastborns differ from each other and need to be distinguished between in future studies.
10.1016/j.jchb.2009.02.065
The role of the zygomaticomaxillary suture in modulating strain distribution within the
skull of Macaca fascicularis
N. Milne (School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia,Australia), [email protected], L. Fitton, P. O’Higgins (Functional Morphology andEvolution unit, Hull York Medical School, University of York, UK), K. Kupczik(Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology,Germany), M.J. Fagan (Department of Engineering, University of Hull, UK)
The closure patterns of cranial sutures are known to vary considerably amongmammals. This may be because closure of individual sutures is initiated by thecessation of growth of the adjacent elements, alternatively the order in which theyfuse may be related to masticatory function, with sutures modulating and adapting tostrain distributions in the skull.
This study uses finite element (FE) analysis to investigate how suture fusionmodulates strain distribution within the skull of an adult Macaca fascicularis undervarious loading conditions. Finite element models were created with and without thezygomaticomaxillary suture. The results indicate that the presence of the sutureproduces localised decreases in the level of strain, while in other regions the strain waselevated. These FE results are validated against experimental data obtained using thetechnique of 3D speckle interferometry. Strain distributions in the FE model containingsutures also closely reflect those recorded experimentally using strain gauges.
These findings provide an insight into the mechanical role of sutures and possibledevelopmental constraints on their order of fusion. This investigation also highlightsthe need to include sutures in future FE models.
Supported by BBSRC awards BBE0138051 and BBE014259.
10.1016/j.jchb.2009.02.066
A distribution of submental artery, especially the relation between lingual foramen and
a sublingual artery in the Japanese population
K. Nakajima (Showa University, Japan), [email protected]
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Abstracts / HOMO—Journal of Comparative Human Biology 60 (2009) 239–290 281
It is well known that the submental artery and sublingual artery anastomose. Sincebleeding of an artery in the sublingual region may cause a critical problem during asurgical operation, it is necessary to understand the pattern and various forms of thearterial supply of the sublingual region. For that reason, the communication patternbetween the submental artery and the sublingual artery in Japanese cadavers wasinvestigated. Moreover, the relationship between the lingual foramina, which arelocated on the lingual site of the mandible, and the artery was also investigated.
Fifty-two sides in 30 Japanese cadavers (14 males, 16 females) were used for theobservation of the vascular patterns. According to the classification of thevascularity of submental artery and sublingual artery 9 possible forms weredistinguished. Seven of these forms were observed in this study. The form where thesublingual artery originates from the lingual artery, which is the form described inalmost all textbooks, was present in 34.6% in our sample. The remaining 65.4%sublingual arteries originated from the facial artery.
The relationship between the lingual foramen and the artery is as follows: Thelingual foramen that was located on the lingual side of the mandible conducted thesubmental artery. The lingual foramen that was located around the mental spinecontained the submental artery and sublingual arteries. The branch of the submentalartery that penetrated cortical bone of the mandible entered into the mandibularbody. In the mandible, the artery showed two forms: a form that anastomosed withthe inferior alveolar artery and a form that did not anastomose.
10.1016/j.jchb.2009.02.067
The ‘double-rooted premolars’ of the Liang Bua hominins
P.J. Obendorf (School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Australia),[email protected], C.E. Oxnard (School of Anatomy and Human Biology andCentre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia),[email protected]
‘‘LB1s lower first premolars (P3s) are reported to have bifurcated roots, unlikeH. sapiens, but these also show mesiodistal crown elongation relative to H. sapiens,unlike the other mandibular teeth. Captured images from X-ray scans presented inThe mystery of the human hobbit (BBC Horizon, 2005) clearly show a buccogingivalridge sloping to the buccal surface of the mesial root, as characteristic of humanlower first deciduous molars (dm1s) and unlike P3s which are symmetrical (Zeisz andNuckolls, 1949). Crown diameters (mesiodistal) and crown indices are consistentwith Australian Aboriginal dm1s but not their P3s (po0.01).’’ (Obendorf et al., 2008.Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 1287–1296). Crown and root data relating to the LB1 and LB6putative P3s are presented and reviewed here. If these teeth are genuinely unique theyprovide evidence to support the new species (H. floresiensis) hypothesis but if theyare retained deciduous teeth they provide important evidence that both LB1 and
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Abstracts / HOMO—Journal of Comparative Human Biology 60 (2009) 239–290282