A diffraction grating with 10,000 lines/cm will exhibit the first order maximum for light of wavelength 510 nm at what angle? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

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1. 0.51°

2. 0.62°

3. 15.3°

4. 31°

What resolving power must a diffraction grating have in order to distinguish wavelengths of 630.1 and 631.7 nm?

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1. 315

2. 394

3. 630.9

4. 788

A camera uses a?

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1. converging lens to form a real image.

2. converging lens to form an imaginary image.

3. diverging lens to form a real image.

4. diverging lens to form an imaginary image.

Changing the f-number of a camera by two stops by going from f/8 to f/16 will change the brightness of the light hitting the film by?

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1. 4.

2. 2.

3. 1/2.

4. 1/4.

An individual's eye pupil changes from a diameter of 3.5 mm to 1.5 mm as the illumination is increased. By what factor does the minimum angle of resolution change?

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1. 0.43

2. 0.65

3. 2.0

4. 2.3

While a camera has film where the image is formed, the eye forms the image on the?

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1. pupil.

2. cornea.

3. retina.

4. optic nerve.

The eye changes its f-number by?

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1. using the iris to change the size of the pupil.

2. using the ciliary muscle to change the focal length of the lens.

3. either using the ciliary muscle to change the focal length of the lens or using the iris to change the size of the pupil.

4. the eye doesn't change its f-number.

A microscope has an objective lens with an aperture diameter 0.6 cm. A monochromatic light source of 580 nm is used to illuminate the object. It is determined that the minimum angle of resolution is 1.18 x 10-4 rad. If the present lens were replaced by one with an aperture of diameter 0.9 cm, what would the minimum angle of resolution now become? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

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1. 1.50 x 10-4 rad

2. 1.77 x 10-4 rad

3. 0.88 x 10-4 rad

4. 0.79 x 10-4 rad

A microscope has an objective lens with an aperture of diameter 0.6 cm where a monochromatic light source of 580 nm is used to illuminate the object. It is determined that the minimum angle of resolution is 1.18 x 10-4 rad. If the illuminating source were replaced by a violet source with wavelength of 420 nm, what would the minimum angle of resolution now become? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

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1. 1.63 x 10-4 rad

2. 1.18 x 10-4 rad

3. 0.85 x 10-4 rad

4. 0.58 x 10-4 rad

A refracting astronomical telescope has objective and eyepiece lenses of focal lengths 20 and 0.4 cm, respectively. The separation between the two lenses is 30 cm. What is the magnification of this instrument?

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1. 19.6

2. 27.0

3. 50.0

4. 94.0

The nearpoint of a given individual's eye is 55 cm. What focal length corrective lens should be prescribed so that an object can be clearly seen when placed at 25 cm in front of the eye?

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1. -25 cm

2. 17 cm

3. 46 cm

4. 30 cm

A given individual is unable to see objects clearly when they are beyond 100 cm. What focal length lens should be used to correct this problem?

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1. -100 cm

2. -33.3 cm

3. -20 cm

4. 75 cm

A magnifying lens with a focal length of 10 cm has what maximum magnification? (Assume the nearpoint is 25 cm.)

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1. 7.14

2. 2.5

3. 3.0

4. 3.5

A magnifying lens with a focal length of 10 cm has what magnification when the viewing eye is relaxed?

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1. 7.14

2. 2.5

3. 3.0

4. 3.5

A compound microscope has objective and eyepiece lenses of focal lengths 0.8 and 4.0 cm, respectively. If the microscope length is 15 cm, what is the maximum magnification?

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1. 3.2

2. 6.3

3. 48.0

4. 117.0

The "normal" eye has a nearpoint of 25 cm. If a given individual's nearpoint is 65 cm, for what problem will the eye doctor prescribe correction?

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1. myopia (nearsightedness)

2. presbyopia (loss of lens flexibility)

3. hyperopia (farsightedness)

4. astigmatism

Tripling the focal length of the objective lens of a compound microscope will change the magnification by what factor?

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1. 1/9

2. 1/3

3. 3.0

4. 9.0

A diverging lens will be prescribed by the eye doctor to correct which of the following?

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1. myopia (nearsightedness)

2. presbyopia

3. hyperopia (farsightedness)

4. astigmatism

Which term below identifies the eye defect characterized by an inability to see distant objects clearly?

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1. myopia

2. presbyopia

3. hyperopia

4. astigmatism

Which term below identifies the defect where the lens produces a line image of a point source?

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1. myopia

2. presbyopia

3. hyperopia

4. astigmatism

Which eye defect is corrected by a lens having different curvatures in two perpendicular directions?

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1. myopia

2. presbyopia

3. hyperopia

4. astigmatism

A lens with a focal length of 20 cm has what power?

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1. 5.0 diopters

2. 6.7 diopters

3. 8.0 diopters

4. 9.6 diopters

The pupil of the eye reduces in size under which condition?

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1. eye is focused on a distant object

2. eye is focused on a nearby object

3. object viewed is well illuminated

4. object viewed is dimly illuminated

Two thin lenses in combination placed in contact with each other along a common axis, have the respective powers of 45 and -15 diopters. What is their combined power?

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1. 15 diopters

2. 30 diopters

3. 60 diopters

4. -22.5 diopters

Doubling the aperture diameter of a camera lens will change the light intensity admitted to the film by what factor?

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1. 0.25

2. 0.50

3. 2.0

4. 4.0

Doubling the focal length of a telephoto lens, while holding aperture size constant, will change the light intensity admitted to the film by what factor?

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1. 0.25

2. 0.50

3. 2.0

4. 4.0

Doubling the f-number of a camera lens will change the light intensity admitted to the film by what factor?

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1. 0.25

2. 0.50

3. 2.0

4. 4.0

Tripling the focal length in a telephoto lens, while keeping the aperture size constant, will change the f-number by what factor?

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1. 1/9

2. 1/3

3. 3.0

4. 9.0

Assume that a camera picture is taken using a given subject. A second picture is taken of the same subject with the same film and level of illumination as before, but with the f-number doubled. By what factor will the required time of exposure change if the film is to receive the same total light energy?

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1. 0.25

2. 0.50

3. 2.0

4. 4.0

The ciliary muscle is instrumental in changing the shape of which eye part?

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1. iris

2. lens

3. pupil

4. retina

The ciliary muscle of the eye is relaxed under which condition?

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1. eye is focused on a distant object

2. eye is focused on a nearby object

3. subject being viewed is well illuminated

4. subject being viewed is dimly illuminated

A beam of monochromatic light is incident on a multiple slit diffraction grating with a slit separation of 2.50 x 10-6 m. If the angle between the normal and first order bright fringe is 14°, what is the source wavelength? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

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1. 430 nm

2. 500 nm

3. 605 nm

4. 647 nm

The Michelson interferometer is a device that may be used to measure which of the following?

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1. magnifying power of lenses

2. light wavelength

3. atomic masses

4. electron charge

What is the resolving power of a diffraction grating which is capable of just distinguishing between two wavelengths of 568.5 and 569.6 nm?

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1. 1.1

2. 517

3. 1035

4. 1.9 x 10-3

Monochromatic light of wavelength 430 nm is used to illuminate an object through a microscope with an objective lens aperture diameter of 0.7 cm. Use Rayleigh's criterion to determine the limiting angle of resolution? (1 nm = 10-9 m)

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1. 7.5 x 10-5 rad

2. 3.0 x 10-9 rad

3. 1.3 x 10-4 rad

4. 5.0 x 10-7 rad

Tripling the aperture diameter of a camera lens will change the f-number by what factor?

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1. 1/9

2. 1/3

3. 3.0

4. 9.0

A lens with focal length 5 cm is used as a magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, how far in front of the lens should the object be placed?

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1. 5.00 cm

2. 4.16 cm

3. 10.0 cm

4. 25.0 cm

The Yerkes refracting telescope has a 1 m diameter objective lens of focal length 20 m and an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 cm. Determine the magnification of the planet Mars as seen through this telescope.

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1. M = 200x

2. M = 400x

3. M = 800x

4. M = 1000x

The Palomar reflecting telescope has a parabolic mirror with an 80 m focal length. Determine the magnification achieved when an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 cm is used.

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1. 800x

2. 1200x

3. 1600x

4. 3200x

White light is spread out into spectral hues by a diffraction grating. If the grating has 2000 lines per cm, at what angle will red light ( λ = 640 nm) appear in first order?

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1. 3.57°

2. 7.35°

3. 11.17°

4. 13.35°

A binary star in the constellation Orion has an angular separation between the stars of 10-5 radians. If λ = 500 nm, what is the smallest aperture (diameter) telescope that will just resolve the two stars?

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1. 3.0 cm

2. 4.2 cm

3. 6.1 cm

4. 12.6 cm

Find the radius of a star image formed on the retina of the eye if the aperture diameter (the pupil) at night is 0.7 cm and the length of the eye is 3.0 cm. Assume the wavelength of starlight in the eye is 500 nm.

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1. 2.6 x 10-4 m

2. 5.2 x 10-4 m

3. 3.1 x 10-5 m

4. 2.6 x 10-6 m

A helium-neon laser ( λ = 632.8 nm) is used to calibrate a diffraction grating. If the first-order maximum occurs at 20.5°, what is the line spacing, d?

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1. 1.808 x 10-6 m

2. 3.616 x 10-6 m

3. 5.424 x 10-6 m

4. 7.232 x 10-6 m

The 2.4 m Hubble space telescope has been placed into Earth orbit by the space shuttle. What angular resolution could this telescope achieve by Rayleigh's criterion? ( λ = 500 nm).

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1. 7.5 x 10-6 rads

2. 5.7 x 10-6 rads

3. 3.6 x 10-6 rads

4. 2.5 x 10-7 rads

A 1.7 m tall woman stands 5 m in front of a camera with a 5 cm focal length lens. What is the size of the image formed on film?

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1. 3.4 cm

2. 2.6 cm

3. 1.7 cm

4. 0.85 cm

A nearsighted person cannot see objects clearly beyond 30 cm (the farpoint). If the patient has no astigmatism and contact lenses are prescribed, what is the power of the lens required to correct the patient's vision?

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1. -2.0 diopters

2. -3.3 diopters

3. -4.0 diopters

4. -5.0 diopters

The pupil of a cat's eye narrows to a slit of 0.5 mm in daylight. What is the angular resolution? (let λ = 500 nm).

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1. 10-3 radians

2. 5 x 10-3 radians

3. 10-4 radians

4. 5 x 10-4 radians

A compound microscope has an eyepiece that?

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1. uses a real image from the objective as the object and forms its own real image.

2. uses a real image from the objective as the object and forms a virtual image.

3. uses an imaginary image from the objective as the object and forms its own real image.

4. uses an imaginary image from the objective as the object and forms its own imaginary image.

A camera lens is initially set at f/16 for a shutter speed of 0.016 s. If the amount of lighting on the subject is unchanged and the lens is set at f/5.6, what is the proper shutter speed at this setting?

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1. 0.002 s

2. 0.004 s

3. 0.128 s

4. 0.064 s

A converging lens will be prescribed by the eye doctor to correct which of the following?

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1. nearsightedness

2. glaucoma

3. farsightedness

4. astigmatism

When the image formed by a simple magnifier is made to appear at the near point distance from the eye of the viewer (25 cm), what is the magnifying power of a magnifier with a focal length of 5.0 cm?

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1. 1.20

2. 5.00

3. 6.00

4. 50.0

A camera lens with a focal length of 2 cm and an aperture opening diameter of 0.4 cm has what f-number?

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1. 0.2

2. 0.8

3. 5.0

4. 10.0

What is the approximate magnification of a compound microscope with objective and eyepiece focal lengths of 0.3 cm and 3.6 cm, respectively, and a separation between lenses of 20 cm?

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1. 12

2. 20

3. 67

4. 460

What is the magnification of a refracting telescope with objective and eyepiece lenses of focal lengths 90 cm and 2.0 cm, respectively?

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1. 30

2. 45

3. 60

4. 180

If a person has hyperopia that person?

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1. may have an unusually long eyeball.

2. cannot see near objects clearly.

3. cannot relax the ciliary muscle adequately.

4. can form images behind the retina.

A nearsighted person with astigmatism would be prescribed a lens that is?

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1. converging only.

2. both converging and cylindrical.

3. diverging only.

4. both diverging and cylindrical.

Glaucoma occurs because?

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1. the eye cannot accommodate properly.

2. the shape or size of the eye is not normal.

3. there is too much pressure in the fluid in the eyeball.

4. the lens is partially or totally opaque.

In the normal eye the ciliary muscles that control the lens will relax?

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1. when viewing objects at the nearpoint.

2. when viewing objects at infinity.

3. when viewing objects at a distance of 20 ft.

4. only when a person has his/her eyes closed.

A magnifier uses a?

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1. converging lens to form a real image.

2. converging lens to form a virtual image.

3. diverging lens to form a virtual image.

4. diverging lens to form a real image.