a database and calculation tool of the feed production chain to calculate greenhouse gas emissions...
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FeedPrint
Carbon Footprint Animal Nutrition
Theun Vellinga, Wageningen UR Livestock Research
Hans Blonk, Blonk Milieu Advies
A database and calculation tool of the feed production chain
to calculate GHG emissions by using LCA
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Scope of the FeedPrint project
Strategic goals:
awareness of and insight in GHG emissions
production chain of animal feed and from feed utilization;
identify potential mitigation options
not meant for use in carbon labelling !!
Operational goals:
Elaborate methodology: scientific sound, international alignment
Develop robust database
Develop calculation tool including animal nutrition
Methodology, database and tool are public available
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Use of the CFP calculation tool “Feedprint”
Main users:
Compound feed industry and their suppliers
Main applications:
Strategic management
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
International alignment and application
FAO, FEFAC, IDF, JRC, SCP-RT,...
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Relationship FeedPrint and FAO/FEFAC
project FeedPrint NL
Database
Cultivation
Processing
Feed mill
Calculation CFP
Till Feed Intake
Calculation CFP
Feed Intake/
Nutrition/farm
FP
Upstr
eam
D
ow
n
str
ea
m
FeedPrint FAO/FEFAC
Database
Cultivation
(Processing)
(Feed mill)
Calculation CFP
Till Feed Intake
FP
Upstr
eam
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Life Cycle Assessment in agricultural
systems ISO and others define basic LCA principles:
System Borders/Functional Units/Allocation rules
Agricultural systems are complex:
biological processes
diffuse sources, many (small) holdings
simulation models and calculation rules required
Data requirement and collection issues:
Process data, not (only) statistic outputs
Variation between farmers, locations and time
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Modelling biological processes
2006 IPCC Guidelines
Emission factors N2O, CH4
N from crop residues
• Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
– Chapter 10: livestock and manure management
– Chapter 11: nitrous oxide emissions from managed soils
– Enteric fermentation cattle: based on accepted Tier 3 (NIR)
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LUC factor (All sectors and countries are
linked) Total CO2e emission by LUC
5.8 Gt per year
• (Ramankutty et al., 2007; Houghton, 2010)
Total agricultural land use from FAOstat (2008):
4.9 * 106 hectare
Emissions per ha :
1180 kg CO2-equivalents per ha per year
Emissions per kg:
1 000 kg/ha: 1.18 kg CO2e per kg
10 000 kg/ha: 0.118 kg CO2e per kg
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Data in all kinds
Background processes:
• Energy production/ transport means/
capital goods/ chemicals
Foreground processes:
• Cultivation
• Industrial processing
• Compund feed production
• Transport
• Feed utilization
Default data
Ecoinvent, International Energy
Agency
Default data
Specific data
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Required data
Crops Transp Processing Transp Feed mill
Emission kg CO2eq Data (average and distribution)
CO2fossil 1 fossil MJ and kg CO2e-MJ
CO2biogene 0 not calculated (+1 en -1)
CH4 25 measurement or according IPCC & NIR
N2O 298 calculated according IPCC based on N fluxes
Land use change:
m2*year 0.118
Fram Transp
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Data analysis and interpretation
Multiple values, expert judgement:
• Pedigree matrix (Ecoinvent) used in decisions on average
values
• Confidentiality interval, uncertainty for all data
• Uniform, normal , lognormal or triangular distribution
• Monte Carlo simulation for limited set of data
Lack of data:
• standard procedure for defaults, e.g. MEXALCA
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Allocation in processing and livestock production
Preferred approach in feed: economic allocation
Other options available: mass, gross energy
Show embedded (allocated) emissions
What enters “your” link in the chain
What is the contribution of your link
Allocation is only shifting emissions, it does not
change emissions.
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Primary products
Primary product NL
Germ
any
Fra
nce
Belg
ium
UK
Pola
nd
Fin
land
Ukra
ine
Denm
ark
Esto
nia
Lithuania
Latv
ia
Hungary
S A
merica
Austr
alia
N
Am
erica
Asia
Barley X X X X X
Oats X X X X X X X X X
Corn X X X X X
Rye X X X X X X X X X
Wheat X X X X X
Triticale X X X X
Legumes X X X X X
Sugar beet X X X X X X
Sugar cane X X
Potatoes X X
Cassava X
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Primary products
Primary product NL
Germ
any
Fra
nce
Belg
ium
UK
Pola
nd
Fin
land
Ukra
ine
Denm
ark
Esto
nia
Lithuania
Latv
ia
Hungary
S A
merica
Austr
alia
N
Am
erica
Asia
Rapeseed X X X X X X
Linseed X X X X X X
Oil palm X
Soy X X
Sunflower X X X X X
Grass fresh X
Grass silage X
Maize silage X
Lucerne X
Milk powder X X X X X X
Whey X X X X X X
Animal products X X X X X
Fish products X X X
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Data collection plant raw materials
Yield (kg/ha) and dry matter content
Nutrients: N, P, K, energy (GE, ME, NE)
Crop residues
Inputs:
Synthetic fertilizer (N, P, K)
Manure
Pesticides
Seeds
Energy for cultivation (direct/indirect) and storage
Land Use and Land Use Change (LULUC)
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Industrial processing
Milling, wet and dry: grains, potatoes
Crushing: pressing, extraction: oil seeds
Sugar refinery: beet and cane
Biofuel production: maize, wheat
Rendering: animal products
Artificial drying: whey, milk powder, roughages
Energy inputs, use of auxiliaries
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Processing plant and animal products
Product in:
Mass
Dry matter
C, N, P
= 100
Co product 1 out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Co products total out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P
= 100
€total
Co product 2 out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Co product n out:
Mass, DM, C, N, P, GE, €
Processing
(split up in
1 – 4 sub
processes)
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Mitigation options, a protocol at sector level
FeedPrint contains secondary, default, data,
A protocol describes:
when to use secondary data
when to collect additional primary activity data
how to account for them
Basic principle:
communication on improved performance
must be based on primary activity data
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Thank you for listening