a computational perspective on navigation - dcog-hci...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Computational Perspective on Navigation - DCog-HCI Labhci.ucsd.edu/102a/05-lectures/compPerspNav.pdf · 2005-02-18 · Star Chart of Orion. Orion and Mythology. Caroline Island](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050115/5f4bd4fbeb0be357cf076573/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Computational Perspective on Navigation
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Line of Position
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Arc of Position
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Combining one-dimensional Constraints
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Position/Displacement Constraint
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Distance Rate and Time Constraint
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Computation via the propagation of representational state.
• Ship position plotting
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View through the Alidade
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The Bearing Record Book
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The Hoey
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Hoey in Coordination with the Chart
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Units in the Western System
• Geographical position: latitude, longitude
• Nautical Mile
• Time
• Charts, properties of projections
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Pre-modern Western Navigation
• Sidereal Compass• Linear constellations• Units
– Day’s Sail– Kenning (= etak of sighting)
• Birds• Latitude Sailing
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Micronesian Navigation
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South Pacific
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Voyaging requirements
• Set out in the right direction
• Maintain course while travelling
• Determine when to look for the destination
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The constellation Orion
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Star Chart of Orion
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Orion and Mythology
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Caroline Island Star Compass
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Linear Constellations
• Provide directional reference for course setting
• Allow navigator to maintain course
• Via the concept of ETAK are essential to determining when to look for the destination
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Western Conception of Etak
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Anomalies
• Square compass - horizon as straight line• Phantom etak islands• What is input and what is output
– Dead reckon position to find etak (Sarfert)– Imagine Etak to establish position (Gladwin)
• Near and far Etak islands• Etak island on both sides of the course• Etak of sighting and Etak of birds
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Too quick a conclusion?
• Although ETAK has for us much the quality of a systematic organizing principle or even logical construct, the Puluwat navigator does not let logical consistency or inconsistency, insofar as he is aware of them, interfere with practical utility. (Gladwin, 1970:189)
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How Lewis located Ngatik
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Hipour’s star bearings to Ngatik
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Point at the Sun Twice
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What moves?
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What the navigator sees
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Horizon with Star Points
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Etak bearings on the Horizon
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Horizon with temporal landmarks
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Pointing to the Etak island just before midnight
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Using two Etak islands
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Adjusting for a change in speed
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The divergence of traditions
• Crystallization of knowledge and practice in physical artifacts
• Measurement and analog/digital conversions
• Digital computation
• Chart as the model of the world
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Astrolabe
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Medieval Tide Computer
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Chip Log
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Navigation Chart
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Parallel Ruler
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Star Finder (descendant of Astrolabe)
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Sextant
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Harrison’s Marine Chronometer
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/student.projects97/naval/
The Discovery of Longitude
An Historical Account of
Maritime Navigational Practice
and the subsequent Invention of the Chronometer
by Jonathan Medwin
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Aeronautical Sliderule
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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Plotting Latitude and Longitude
33° 03.470’
117°
18.
061’
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GPS Moving Map Display
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Dependencies in the Cognitive Ecology of Navigation
• Parallel ruler and chart projections
• Astrolabe and star finder
• Sextant, tables, chronometer
• GPS and moving maps