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TRANSCRIPT
Hideaki KoizumiExecutive Vice President, Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ)
Honorary Fellow, Hitachi, Ltd..
A Compass for Engineering Ethics
ーThe critical role of world academiesー
Ethics in Engineering
A Panel in CAETS Council Meeting
CAETS 2017 Madrid
Real Academia de Ingenieria
11/16, 2017
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CAETS activities
must consider ethical issues
CAETS 2011 in Mexico
EAJ NEWS No. 141 (2011)2
The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on March 11, 2011
OnagawaPhoto by Koizumi H. 2012
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CAETSInternational Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences, Inc.
COUNCIL MEETING
0900 – 1530 Friday July 1, 2011
InterContinental Hotel, Mexico CitySummary Minutes
Draft October 22, 2011
OPEN SESSION
1. The President welcomed all and asked that each person identify themselves. Dr. Koizumi (EAJ) thanked the
CAETS Member Academies for their expressions of sympathy and support in the wake of the earthquake and
injury to the nuclear reactors and also remarked about the disaster.
Following the disaster, we returned to basics to guide our way of thinking. For
example, does materialistic prosperity ensure happiness or well-being? What is
most important to us as human beings? What is the final destination of
engineering - the true objective of engineering? We are again taking a good look
at “Human Security and Well-Being.”
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CAETS 2015 in New Delhi
President:
Dr. Baldev Raj
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CAETS 2015 Pre-Diner-Talk
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7
Engineering
Science Technology
Humans create artifacts
in nature
Humans imitate
nature or make
something useful
Humans understand
or know nature
Science/Engineering/Technology (SET)
Koizumi, H., Invited Lecture at the 11th General Assembly of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (2012)
Skei (G):
split/divide
Gen (G): give birth
Tekhne (G):
imitate/makeOrigin of reductionism Ars (L)
=
Ethics
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Insertion of ethics into the basis of science & technology
A highlight of the Curies’ statement on accepting the Nobel Prize regarding the discovery of radium
The Curies in 1903:
Science and technology are neutral, sowhether they are applied for good or badends depends entirely upon humanity
Courtesy of the Association
Curie et Joliot-Curie
Discovery of Radium
Ethics
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Nobel Prize
Alfred Nobel
(1833~1896)
Inventor of dynamite
Photos from Wikipedia 10
Lights and shadows of Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber
(1868~1934)
Clara Immerwahr
(1870~1915)
Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his
invention of the Haber-Bosch process (synthesizing ammonia
from nitrogen and hydrogen gases).
The food production for half the world's current population
depends on this method for producing nitrogen fertilizers
The Second Battle of Ypres (April 22~May 25, 1915)
The large-scale synthesis of fertilizers and explosives
The first mass use of poison gas (67,000 casualties)
Haber’s wife
protested by suicide
Poison gas engineering during the World War I
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Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells & Gene Engineering
Prof. Shinya Yamanaka
Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine in 2013
Photo by Takeda, S., Central Research Lab., Hitachi, Ltd.
Wikipedia
Gene Editing
The second generation (2010- )
The third Generation (2013- )
ZFN:
Zinc-finger nuclease
CRISPR/Cas9:
Clustered regularly
interspaced short
palindromic repeats/
CRISPR associated systems 9
Cong L. et al., Multiplex genome engineering
using CRISPR/Cas system, Science (2013)
TALEN:
Transcription activator-like
effector nuclease
The first generation (1996- )
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells
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What was the hidden objective of alchemy?
e.g., engineering of iPS Cellsat present
From Goethe’s Faust (1808/1832)
Necessity of ethics
in engineering
Koizumi, H., History of brain science, Kadokawa (2011)
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Lights and shadows of human language from an ethical viewpoint
Koizumi, H., Science History of the Brain, Kadokawa, (2011).
Phonological loop below consciousness
Broca’s
area
Supramarginal gyrus
Wernicke’s area
Angular
Gurus
Arcuate fasciculus
Some features of human language
Productivity beyond realityEx. “Colorless green ideas sleep
furiously.” (Chomsky, N.)
Transportation
Easily transportable in space
and time.
Ex. I live in Japan
I will live in U.S.A
Automatism
Automatic generation of
sentences in speech and thought.
Future
thinking
Post Truth
The Ethics of AI is included in this issue.
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Collaboration between corporates academies towards UN/SDGs
Courtesy of the United Nations
NO
POVERTY
ZERO
HUNGER
GOOD HEALTH
& WELL-BEING
QUALITY
EDUCATION
Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social
Values (CSV)Engineering for SDGs
GENDER &
SANITATION
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All contributions are based on a Workshop
hosted in November 2015 by Pontifical Academy
of Sciences at Vatican entitled “Children are
Sustainable Development : A Challenge for
Education” and follow three other significant
events on sustainable development in 2015,
namely the publication of Laudato Si”, the
Encyclical Letter from Pope Francis, the release
of the United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals, and the COP21 Conference in Paris.
Koizumi, H. “Scientific Learning and Education for Human Security and Well-Being” (2017)
Pontifical Academy of
Sciences, and SDGs
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AAAS 2017 in Feb (2017)
A Project in Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ)
Project Leader: Dr. Haruo TAKEDA
For STI*-for-SDGs: Academia-Industry Collaboration
of a Japanese Company in ASEAN Countries
UN’s STI Forum in May (2017)
Engineering for SDGs
Please, get in touch with us if CAETS Academies
would be interested in this EAJ Project
STI*: Science, Technology and Innovation
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Academy’s neutrality could show a proper direction
The Separation of Powers
JudiciaryLegislature
Executive
Ethics in
EngineeringThe role of a Compass to lead society
Ideally, academies should be independent of governmental power
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Engineering
Academy
“The School of Athens” fresco by Raphael (artwork completed in 1511) 19
Academy established by Plato in 385BC
“The School of Athens” fresco by Raphael (artwork completed in 1511) Plato Aristotle
TimaeusEthica
Nikomachea
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metta
karuna
mudita
upekkha
unconditional loving kindness such as that in the gentle heart of a good friend or a mother
the ability to share another’s pain as if it were one’s own
the altruistic joy in another’s good fortunes
equanimity is a balanced state of mind with no strong attachments to things and self
Pali
慈
悲
喜
捨
ChinesePali meaning (~BC 500)
From an ancient Indian philosophy
Warmheartedness (compassion)
Human dignity<Ethics>
Thank you very much for your attention!
The Center for Exploratory ResearchCentral Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.
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Copernicus Plaza in Torn, Poland
Heliocentric theory
by Copernicus
Pointing to the Polestar
Compass
The critical role of world academies
All photos by Koizumi, H.24