a chinese puzzle an economic superpower run as a one-party communist state with capitalist ambitions
TRANSCRIPT
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A Chinese PuzzleAn economic superpower run
as a one-party communist state with capitalist ambitions
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THE END OF IMPERIAL CHINA
• Until the early 20th century (1912) China was run as a monarchy under a long line of Emperors
• The last emperor of China was Puyi the last of the Qing dynasty
• The final years of the Qing dynasty were marked by turmoil,civil war and attempts by European nations to gain power in ChinaPuyi became emperor at the age of 2yrs!
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Reactions to European interference -The Boxer
Rebellion-
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Civil War- Nationalist -v- Communist
• Nationalists– Chiang Kai-shek– Republican
Democracy– Capitalist Ide0logy
• Communists– Mao Tse Tung– Single Party State– Communist Ideology
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Capitalism - Communism
• Capitalism• (Adam Smith - Wealth of
Nations)• Allow people to pursue
economic self interest• Hard work and individual
freedom will allow people to improve their lives
• Raise money(capital) from market- invest in business- keep profits
• Government should not interfere with the economy - free market
• Communism• (Karl Marx - Das Capital)• People should work together
to improve the nation and have equal share of the nation’ wealth
• Workers should control means of production (resources, farming and industry)
• Government controls and plans the economy - command economy
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Civil War 1927 -1949/50(with a short break for WWII)
• 22 years of conflict and carnage!
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Communist Victory
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Peoples Republic of China
• 1st Oct 1949 Declaration of Peoples Republic of China
• Redistribution of Land • Government takes
control of agriculture• Sets up series of 5 year
plans - targets for grain production
• Collectivization of Farms
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The Great Leap Forward 1958-1961
• An attempt to rapidly industrialize and improve food production
• Private ownership of land abolished
• 700 mllion people organized into 27,000 communes
• 600,000 Backyard iron/steel furnaces set up in villages - labour diverted to steel production
• Experiments in grain production/irrigation backfired
• Droughts, failed rains, locusts
http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/glf.html
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Aftermath
• 20 million people died of starvation & related diseases
• “The economic disaster was 30% fault of nature, 70% human error” Liu Shaoqui
• Mao Steps down as Chairman 1959
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The Cultural Revolution
• Getting Rids of the “The Four Olds”– Old Culture– Old Customs– Old Habits– Old Ideas
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The Red Guard
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“Beating Down the Counter Revolutionaries”
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The Four Modernizations
• Deng Xiaoping• Modernize
– Agriculture– Industry– Science– Military
• Huge investment• Radical change -
private ownership of business and land allowed
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Tianamen Square 1989
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Tianamen Square 1989
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Reform, Change, Growth!
BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7780477.stm
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A good source of information
• BBC:The Peoples Republic at 50 - a special report