8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

1/9

A Challenge to CriticalThinking

c.s.veeraragavan

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

2/9

This is a passage from themanagement bestsellerIn Search ofExcellence by Peters and

Waterman:.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

3/9

If you place in a bottle half a dozen bees and the same number offlies, and lay the bottle horizontally, with its base (the closed end) to

the window, you will find that the bees will persist, till they die of

exhaustion or hunger, in their endeavour to discover an opening

through the glass; while the flies, in less than two minutes, will allhave sallied forth through the neck on the opposite side. It is the

bees love of flight, it is their very intelligence, that is their undoingin this experiment. They evidently imagine that the issue from every

prison must be where the light shines clearest; and they act in

accordance, and persist in too-logical action. To bees glass is a

supernatural mystery. And, the greater their intelligence, themore inadmissible, more incomprehensible, will the strange

obstacle appear. Whereas the featherbrained flies, careless of logic flutter wildly hither and thither, and meeting here the good

fortune that often waits on the simple Necessarily end upby discovering the friendly opening that restores their liberty

to them (Peters and Waterman, 1988, p. 108).

Some people think that the example in the passage

shows that logical thinking is a bad thing.

Do you think the example succeeds in establishing

such a conclusion? Why orwhy not?

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

4/9

Explaining differences in meaning

For each set of statements below, determine whether

they have the same truth-conditions. In other

words, determine whether there is any situation

where one of them is true and the others are false.

Everybody is innocent until proven guilty.

Nobody is guilty until proven to be not innocent.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

5/9

Explaining differences in meaning

You must not sign the document.

It is not the case that you must sign the document.

There are many restaurants in Paris, and Maxim is the best.

No restaurant in Paris is better than Maxim.

Do not say anything in case the ICAC is present.Do not say anything if the ICAC is present.

Manufacturer: We do not add preservatives to our food.

Manufacturer: Our food contains no preservatives.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

6/9

Explaing differences in meanings If any of the o-rings is broken, the space shuttle will explode.

If every o-ring is broken, the space shuttle will explode.

We are going to invite interesting parties to apply to thescholarship.

We are going to invite interested parties to apply to the

scholarship. Dont be evil. (Googles motto)

Be good. Beckham is a famous soccer player.

Beckham is famous and Beckham is a soccer player.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

7/9

Anything wrong with these

arguements? Philosophy originally means love of

wisdom in Greek. If you are a philosopher,

you must have a lot of wisdom. Art originally means to make. So art is

created whenever someone makes

something.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

8/9

A Definition Game

Divide the students into two groups. One group

identifies an object in the room (e.g. chair, mobile

phone) and asks the other group to provide a

definition. The first group is responsible for criticizing

the definition and the second group will continue to

modify the definition to deal with objections from the

first group.

8/8/2019 A Challenge to Critical Thinking

9/9