a brief introduction to knowledge acquisition, representation and publishing
TRANSCRIPT
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KNOWLEDGE A BRIEF INTRO TO ACQUISITION,
REPRESENTATION AND PUBLISHINGCCS515 Guest Lecture by Dr. Gan Keng Hoon
27 October 2015
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Outline◦Knowledge Publishing◦Knowledge Representation ◦Knowledge Acquisition
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Knowledge◦What is knowledge?
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. (Wikipedia)
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My Knowledge◦ List your knowledge.
◦Where did you get the knowledge?
◦How do you want to share them?
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Knowledge ManagementWikipedia (2015)Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi-disciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.
Davenport (1994) offered the still widely quoted definition:"Knowledge management is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge.“
(Duhon, 1998):"Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously un-captured expertise and experience in individual workers."
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Manipulating Knowledge(Duhon, 1998):“Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously un-captured expertise and experience in individual workers.”
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Acquisition
Knowledge Publishing
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Knowledge Publishing/Sharing◦Advantage◦Avoid losing of information an organization or one as acquired. ◦Support quicker decision making, better efficiency.◦Reusable and benefited by endless users, staffs, readers. ◦Build reputations in terms of expertise.◦Promote knowledge exchange and creation of new knowledge.
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Tools for Knowledge Publishing◦Offline ◦Books, newspaper, news etc.
◦Online◦e-books, e-newspapers, e-news etc.◦Websites◦Blogger (Blog)◦Tumblr (Microblog)◦Twitter (Short message)◦Pinterest (Image)◦youTube (Video) etc…
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Personal Knowledge Publishing◦One way to communicate personal knowledge is by sharing and publishing.
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Activities Involved in Personal Knowledge Publishing ◦Exploring◦Push◦Share links via social media
◦Pull◦Enable SEO
◦Bookmarked
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Personal Knowledge Publishing using Blog◦Let’s blog.◦Why blog?◦Make implicit knowledge (e.g. not codified or structured) more explicit.◦Reflect on own learning.◦Responsibility needed as it is publicly available.
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Personal Knowledge Publishing using Images◦Knowledge does not limit to text.◦Can be covey using images or other medias. ◦Pin a series of images to show some implicit idea.
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Personal Knowledge Publishing using Videos◦Record your knowledge.◦What else can be recorded?
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Personal Knowledge PublishingIssues ◦Knowledge overload.
Can our World Wide Web handle the capacity of ever growing size of information?
BIG DATA, STORAGE, CLOUD, NETWORK◦Credibility
Do you have any idea which information source to trust? FEEDBACK, SENTIMENT ANALYSIS, DATA ANALYSIS
◦DiscoveryAny better ways to discovery the published knowledge? SEARCH, FRIENDS RECOMMENDATION
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Knowledge RepresentationHow to make knowledge publishing better?1. I want user to be able to locate my video.2. I want user to discover the slides I share. 3. I want the navigation of my blog posts to be
topics related. 4. Many more…
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Knowledge RepresentationTag a
concept: AutomataComputer Science
Tag a name: Michael Benjamin
Tag a name: Shai Simonson
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Knowledge Representation◦So, we have resources like videos, images, texts…◦We need a way to making them more meaningful.
Resource and Description
However, each resource has its own format.Need standard form. SOLUTION: Define a standard language for writing the description -> Metadata (Semantic Web Terminology)
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Knowledge Representation
Resource
Description
Instructor: Shai Simonson
Title: Lecture 1 – Finite State Machines (Part 1/9)
Duration: 9:59
Uploaded: May 7 2010
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Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework ◦This leads to one of the Semantic Web main task
Metadata Annotation- description of resources using standard language
◦Useful for search and discovery.
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Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework ◦Common language for describing resource◦A statement with structure.◦A statement is a triple.◦Subject-predicate-object◦Subject: resource◦Predicate: a verb/property/relation◦Object: A resource/a literal string
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Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework
To describe the statement: "The instructor of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c is Shai Simonson". The subject of the statement above is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c The predicate is: author The object is: Shai SimonsonSimplified RDF <?xml version="1.0"?><RDF> <Description about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c"> <instructor>Shai Simonson</instructor> <title>Lecture 1 – Finite State Machines (Part 1/9)</title> </Description></RDF> Study: http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_rdf.asp
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Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework
Source: Fulvio Corno, Semantic Web, Metadata, Knowledge Representation, Ontologies
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Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework Solution: metadata standardization is requiredMany standardization bodies are involvedGeneral standarde.g. Dublin Core (DC)or may depend on goal, context, domain, …e. g. educational resources (IEEE LOM), multimedia resources (MPEG-7), images (VRA), people (FOAF, IEEE PAPI), geospatial resources (GSDGM), bibliographical resources (MARC, OAI), cultural heritage resources (CIDOC CRM)
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Knowledge Representation - OntologySemantically rich descriptions need “understanding” the meaning of a resource and the domain related to the resource
Disambiguation of termsShared agreement on meanings
Description of the domain, with concepts and relations among concepts
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Knowledge Representation - Ontology
◦Controlled vocabularies◦Taxonomies◦Thesauri◦Faceted classification◦Ontologies◦Folksonomies◦Others
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Knowledge Representation - Ontology
TaxonomySubject-based classification that arranges the terms in the controlled vocabulary into a hierarchy
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Knowledge Representation - Ontology◦ACM Classification system.◦Used to annotate bibliography.
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Knowledge Representation - OntologyModel for describing the world that consists of a set of types, properties, and relationships.
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Knowledge Representation - OntologyOntologies generally describe:Individuals◦the basic or “ground level” objectsClasses◦sets, collections, or types of objectsAttributes◦properties, features, characteristics, or parameters that objects can have and share
Relationships◦ways that objects can be related to one another
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Knowledge Representation - Ontology◦How much knowledge do you have about ice cream??
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Knowledge Representation - OntologyWeb Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies.Built upon a W3C XML standard for objects called the Resource Description Framework (RDF).Computational logic-based language, exploited by computer programs, e.g., to verify the consistency of that knowledge or to make implicit knowledge explicit.
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Knowledge AcquisitionWhere does the knowledge comes from?
Manual◦Written by expert.
Automated◦Gathering from those written by expert. ◦Allow aggregation, consolidation and organization for better usage. ◦Allow enhancement like semantic annotation, classification.
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Knowledge Acquisition◦Knowledge acquisition is the process of extracting, structuring and organizing knowledge from one source, usually human experts. ◦Extraction ◦Get resource from texts.
◦Structuring◦Annotate the resource.
◦Organizing◦Store the resource in representation like ontology.
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Knowledge AcquisitionKnowledge can be extracted from Unstructured Text◦Web pages◦Article◦Scanned document
Semi Structured Text◦XML◦Excel◦CSV◦BIB
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Knowledge AcquisitionExtraction from unstructured text ◦Can you differentiate between Person and Organization?
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Knowledge AcquisitionExtracting aspect and sentiment from a sentence. Use Part of Speech Tagging.
Review sentence: The room is beautiful. POS tagged sentence: The/DT room/NN is/VBZ beautiful/JJ./.
Representing the acquired knowledge: RDF triple(hasSentiment, room, beautiful)
General simple rule (R1): +.*(/nn1) +.*(/jj1) +
Mapping of aspect and opinion (M1): map (nn1, jj1)
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Knowledge Acquisition – Road AheadToo much knowledge out there to be acquired.
Lots of research opportunities, especially,unstructured resource to structured resource Identify relation in a resourceIdentify implicit meaning in a resource
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Gan Keng HoonkhganATusm.my
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