a brief history of dendro - laboratory of tree-ring researchellisqm/outgoing... · ceramics to...
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A Brief History of Dendro
• Early Observers
– Aristotle 350 BC
– T. Jefferson 1760s
– Duhamel & Buffon 1937
• Frost Ring of 1709
• Also noted by : Linnaeus
(1751), Burgsdorf (1783),
Candolle (1839)
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Alexander Twining
• 1827 Twining in Conn
– Deduces annual rings
– Notices species
differences
– Ring width correlated
to climate
– Trees “crossdate”
• Speculates on uses
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Jacob Kuchler
• Post Oak trees in Texas
• Specific “experiment”– Annual rings
– Ring-width variability
– Precip as limiting factor
– Cross sections near base
– Prepared surfaces
– Cross dating w/relative widths
– Why Not Founder?
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A. E. Douglass: Founder of Dendrochronology
• Flagstaff area
• Sunspot interests
• Flagstaff Signature
1891, 1894, 1896,
1899, 1902, 1904
• Corroboration
• Prescott Series
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Using Archaeological Wood
• 1914 Clark Wissler
• 7 samples– 139-year
floating chronology
• 1920 Neil Judd –
Pueblo Bonito samples
• A RELATIVE
chronology is built
• The Sequoias
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Douglass
Treks
• Lab in Flagstaff
• Lab in Tucson
• Collecting Live
Trees
• Archaeological
Wood/Charcoal
• 25+ Years/1000s
of Km
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The Beam Expeditions
• Many more than 3, but 3
were NGS funded
• 1923– Hopi Villages, Mesa
Verde, Rio Grande– Regional
Signal (but not Rio Grande)
• 1928- Old Oraibi and NE
Arizona (Kwaikaa first dated
ruin)
• 1929– Combined efforts of
Hargrave, Colton using
ceramics to target specific
sites
• Show Low Ruin and HH-39
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Bridging the GapAD
1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800
Modern Trees 1923 Aztec/Bonito
Flagstaff/Prescott 139 years
1st Beam Expedition 1923 Citadel
1923 Oraibi 1371
70 years
2nd Beam Expedition
1928 1371 1260?
BE 269 Mesa Verde/Chaco
Kawaikaa
1495 1357
Relative= 585 years by 1928
3rd Beam Expedition
1929 Whipple Ruin
HH-39
1380 1237
Reality Had Been
HH-39
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Emil Walter Haury
1930—1st Dendro class
Replicated Douglass’ master
1934-1935—Canyon
Creek Ruin
Dendroarchaeological
theory
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Testing Results and Teaching
• Haury’s crossdating
• The 1930 Intro Class
• LTRR founded 1937
• Rio Grande, Gila
Pueblo, MNA Labs
(all fold by 1960)
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1940s-1950s
Flagstaff Collection
Rio Grande Collection
Gila Pueblo Collection
Navajo Land Claim samples
Bryant BannisterChaco Canyon dates
Dendroarchaeological theory
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William J. Robinson
1967—Behavioral/Cultural
information
Historical
Dendroarchaeology
Organization &
curation of collections
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Jeffrey S. Dean
1969—Tsegi Social
Organization
1970s—Black Mesa Navajo
Chronometic theory
Models of wood use practices
Dean and Robinson 1977
Rose, Dean, and Robinson 1982
Dendroclimatology
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Richard V.N. Ahlstrom
1985—The Interpretation of
Archaeological Tree-ring Dates
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Dendro History Lessons
• Publication and Promotion of Ideas
• Chronology Building from the present-past
• A Collaborative Effort among Fields
• Testing Results, Generating New Hypotheses
• Teaching Methods and Science