.Gu II. Ind. m s t . H'is t . Med. V,.)!. Y.X:V p p (l3 t o 74

A BRIEF HISTORY OF AYURVEDA IN HYDERABAO

,: VINOC KIJMAH IlHATN/\GAR '" S. A. HUSSAIN :,:;;",.MOMIJIJ All

This article contains i> brief History of Avurv eda in Hvderabad. It canbe proudly stated that, this ystem is prevailing here since foundation of t hiscity in 1590 A.D. As it is said that, the physicians of Ayurveda and Unani

both were among the staff of the first general hospital of Hyderabad city

'Darush-shifa' which was con str uct ed in 1595 A.D.

After the Outub Sho'!); period 'he n Lers of A~a:jahi dvnastv alsopatronised this system. Thr, phv s ic i a n s of this 08r;00 not only r un their

cl inics but tb ev also t eactied t his system to their pupils privately.

Que to the efforts of some eminent Avurved ic phvsic iao s. Ayurveda

progressed VII"I!. Th e names and the photos of these phvs ic ians tiave b esn

given in this artic1e. Now this system has a good status h er e with wellestablished c o ll eqe . hospitat and research department etc.

The city of Hyderabad wasfounded by Mohammad Outi QutubShah (1580-1612 AD.). Ourinq thisperiod Ayurveda and Unani medicalsystems were prevalent here. TheQutub Shahi kings gave due patroriaqeto these systems of medicine and thefirst general hospital" Jarush-ShifCi"(House of CUTe) was built in the r.ilyof Hyderabed in 1595 AD. Thehospital was intended for the

". Rcsea'ch Assrst ant (A'i '. IIHM, Hvc era bad'ii'; Research Assis t ant (Unani), IIHM. Hyderabad.,,;,, Research Of f icnr In' h.ir qe . I:HM, ll vrl er e b ad

treatment of the patients and also toimpart medical education to students.It is said that the physicians of boththese systems were arno r.q the staffof this hospital The treatment anddiet were provided free ofco st to asmanv as 400 patients ata time. Itseems, this hospital came to defunctwith the fall of Qutub Shah; dynastyafter tile invasion by Aurangazeb theMo uqh al emperor in 1687 A.D: This

64

necessitated the private Vaidvas andHakeems to take-up the teachingprogramme privately. After the fallof the Qutub Shahi dynasty whenHvderabad came under the rule ofAsafjahi dynasty in 1724 A.D , thefollowing private Vaidvas andHak eerns flourished under thepatronage of the Asafjahi kings i eNizam I to Nizam VI. Khammal (afamous .Jerr ah ) during the period ofNizam I (1724-1748 A.D )-Pallan-naha. a famous Jerrah during theperiod of Nizam-II (1761-1803 A D.)Ram Bhatra. Venkatram, Jagannath,Ramchander etc the Ayurvedicphysicians during the period ofNiz arn tli (1803-·1829 A.D), VaidyaShankar Das, durirg the periodNizam VI (1868-1911 AD,).

Among these phvsicians, VaidyaSankar Das has also taken up theteaching profession, which wascontinued by his grand son VaidyaRajju Lal for several years in theabsence of any government recogni-sed hospital/college

During the early nineteenthcentury, epidemics of plague andinfluenza broke out and prevailed fora long time Though Avurvadicphysicians of that time renderedtheir services effectively but scarcityof these physicians was felt verymuch, which prompted to establishan Ayurvedic school to overccmethi" problem. The proposal wasinitiated at the 'Hvderahad NizamAyurvedic 8- Unani Conference'

Bull. Ind. tnst . His t /lIled. Vol, XXIV

organised by Pt. Hariqovind during1919-20 He invited some enthu-siastic young men of adequate socialstanding to work for the cause ofdevelopment of Ayurveda onvoluntary basis. Vaidva Narayan Das,Vaidya Ramkisthayya, Vaidva Pra-bhud aval. Vaidya Surajprasad. VaidyaRam Haj, Vaidya D. Janardhan agreedwith the idea and extended theirservices. In due course more andmore physicians started showinpinterest towards this cause Nineeminent physicians viz. 1, VaidyaNarsinoh Prasad, 2 Pt. Radhakrishna,3 Vaidya Ramanujaswarni 4. VaidyaShanker Prasad, 5 Vaidya .Jan srdhan6 Vaidya Ram Raj. 7 Vaidya M. ARangacharY,8 Vaidya Markendeyulu,9. Vaidva Ram Das (I:ig. 1), cameforward to establish an Ayurvedicschool with its central dispensaryand signed an agreement in 1933(Fig. 2) The proposed Ayurvedicschool was established at SultanBazar as a private institute with fouryears Diploma course, which was laterinaugurated by the Prince of Berar in1935 (Fig. 3) It was appropriat dby the Government in 1941 prior toindepenence Nizarn's Governments.anctioned Rs 35,000 per annumhudget and established Departmentof Avurverta III 194041. Afterindependence of India the thenHonb le Health Minister Shri Phool-chand Gandhi of the Dr. Boorgula~ama Krishna Haos cabinet of thethen Hvder abad State, showed keeninterest dur ir.q 1950-51 towards theupliftment of Ayurvedic system

A Brief History of Ayurveda in Hyderabad

The existence of private Ayurvedicclinics and the grants allocated tothese clinics are found in old reportsof the administration of H.E H TheNizarns Domenion. As per somedocuments the amount of grant wasRs. 100/- for a clinic. RahberFarooqui in his work "Islami Tibb 'page. 194, while mentioning theactivities performed in 1346 Fasali(1927 A.D.) states that Rs. 10,140'·were granted as an aid to theAyurvedic physicians of all thedistricts

According to another sources'The Report on the Administrationof H. EH, The Nizams Domenion'-1937-38' and 'Nizamut Amal NizamiaTibbi College' published by Govern-ment at the time of the inaugurationof college, an mount of Rs. 35000,was earmarked in the budget1940·-41 for the advancement ofAyurvedic system. A scheme wasalso prepared and submitted to theGovernment for the opening of aGovernment Ayurved!c Dispensary inthe city with an Ayurvedic Collegeattached to it.

Thereafter reorganisation of Indiansystems of medicine i.e. Ayurveda,Unani and Homoeopathy to o k Illaceand all these systems were broughtunder one Board of Ayurveda(Majlis e Mashavarath Ayurveda)and a special officer was appointed asan Administrative head of the IndianMedicine and Hornoeopathy Depart-

Vinod et al 65

merit. The post of Special Officerwas also upqr ade d as Director Irorn1968 onwards, which was againupgraded CIS Commissioner from 1992.A list of the special officers/Directorsand Commissioner with their tenuresis given in table I

In the beginning in the Ayurvediccollege, as stated earlier there wasfour years Diploma course 'AyurvedaVishar ad. In 1954 G.C.A.M. coursewith modern subjects was introduced.These graduates were awardedG.C.I M. after completing furthernine months course in modernmedicine and then they were allowedto use allopathic durgs also fortreating the patients. In 1960 a fiveand half years Shuddha AyurvedicCourse "Avurveda Praveena" wasstarted, duration of which wasreduced to four and half years in1964 In the year 1969 the Govt.Ayurvedic College, Hyderabad wasaffiliated to the Osmania University.Since then a degree of B.A.M.S. (fourand half years course) was awardedtill 1978. Thereafter the five andhalf years B.A. M.S. course of CentralCouncil of Indian Medicine, NewDelhi was introduced, which iscontinuing till date.

The college was shifted to variousplaces starting from Sultan Bazar inthe beginning, viz , Jambagh, TroopBazar, Himayatnagar, Charminar(Sardar Mahal), Sha Alibanda(Maharaja Kishan Pershad Palace),

66

Yakutpura, Tarnaka, Abid Road, andfinally on 2nd May 1984 to its ownbuilding at Erragadda and then it wasrenamed as Dr. Boorgula Rama-krishna Rao Government AyurvedicCollege (Fig. 4 to 8). This collegewas affiliated to the University ofHealth Sciences, Vijayawada on 1stNovember, 1986.

The main departments of theDr . 8, R K R. Govt Ayurvedic collegeare Basic Principles, Sharira Rachana,Sharir Kriya, Dravyaguna, Rasashastra,Bha ishajy akalpana. Swasthawritta,Agad -tantr a, Kayachikitsa, ShalyaSnaiakva and Pra suti - Streeroga.Each department has one professor,two assistant professors and twolectu rers.

M.D (Ayurveda) a Post-graduatecourse of three years duration wasstar ied bv this college in Kayachikitsaill the year 1973, ill Shalya ShalakyaLl i!d Prasuti in the year 1981. Recently,:vi D. (Avurve d a) in Dravyaguna wasstarted in the year 1992. Eachstudent has to select a problem forhis specialised subject in which hehas to appear at MD. finalexamination. He requires to writehis dissertation based on his study,observations and compilation collec-ted from Ayurvedic literature andother sources.

This college has a library with5.0CO books and journlas. A list of

the principals of this college with

Bull. Ind. tnst . Hist. Med. Vol. XXIV

their tenure is given in Table .. I!. One

post of Vice- Principal was also

sanctioned to this college from 1988.

1. Government Ayurvedic Hospital:

This hospital provides clinical

facilities to the under-graduate andpost-graduate students of theAyurvedic college. It was started inthe year 1948 with 40 beds, in thepremises of Nizarnia Tibbi College atCharminar later, 40 more beds werealso granted to Ayurvedic ResearchDepartment. There are at present180 beds, in the Ayurvedic hospital,out of which certain number of bedsate allotted to each of the departmentsof the college along with a P.O.facilities. In addition to this, thereare departments of Panchakarmaestablished in 1955 and a pathologicallaboratory established in 1971 and'X' ray department was also startedin 1976 A total number of 139medical and para medical staff isthere in the Government AyurvedicHospital under the control of theSuperintendent of the GovernmentAyurvedic hospital. The Superinten-dents since inception to till dateare Dr. Asha Nanda Pancharatna,Dr. M. Mallikarjuna Rao, Dr. C. K.Diwakaran. Dr. Raja Ram Sharma.Dr. M. Sita Ramayya, Dr r,!I. An antaSwamy, Dr. A. Narhari Reddy, Dr. R.N. Sharma, ':'r. M.A Chary, Dr. (Mrs.)Prabha Devi and Dr. A. LaxmikantReddy

A Brief History of Ayurveda in Hyderabad

2. Government AyurvedicResearch De par trnerrt :

This department was started in1958 in the premises of the Govern-ment hospital with 40 beds. It isengaged in Research activities toevaluate efficacy of various singleand compound Ayurvedic drugs onvarious types of ailments under thesupervision and guidance of aResearch Officer. The names of heResearch Officers from its inceptionto till date are: Dr. M. Mallik arjunaRao, Dr. Purushottarn Dev Multani.Dr. K Babu Rao, Dr. L. N. Gupta,Dr. A. Nar ah ari Reddy, Dr.Purushottamachari, Dr. Indra DevShastri, Dr. V. Rarn a nujachari. andDr. P. V. Raj.

3. Government AyurvedicPharm cy :

The pharmacy was established inthe year 1949 in the premises ofNizamia Tibbi College to preparegenuine Ayurvedic & Unani medicines

s/inod et al 67

according to the methods ofpreparation given in classics and tosupply these medicines to theGovernment Ayurvedic and Unanihospitals and dispensaries function-ing unc'er the Indian MedicineDepartment through out the State of

, Andhra Pradesh. This pharmacy wasshifted to its own building at Katedanindustrial area in the year 1979.The pharmacy bifurcated into twoindependent pharmacies - one forAyurveda and another for Unani. TheAyurvedic pharmacy is now-a-dayspreparinq in all 150 Ayurvedicpreprations for 6 hospitals and 543dispensaries. A total number of 74technical and administrative staffis under the control of ChiefSuperintendent (Pharmacy) (Fig. 11& 12). The names of the heads ofthe Pharmacy since its inception totill date are: Dr Purushottam DevMultani, Dr. M. Raghava Chary, Dr.P. Seshi Reddy, Dr. T. Sripathi Rao,Dr. Bhagat Singh, Dr. C. Balaji Singhand Dr. K. Narasimha Reddy.

TABLE '- I

SPECIAL OFFICERS:

Shri M. Ramappa

Shri M. Vishveswar Shastrv

Shri Roy Ramch ander Asth an a

Shri Hanurnantha Reddy

June 1956- November 1956.

December 1956 to JUlie 1959

July 1959 to December 1963.

December 1963· December 1968.

68

DIRECTORS:

Shri B. ShivachandraShri B. NarasimhuluShri A. R. JayaprakashShri T. Narayana ReddyShri M. V. Ranga ReddyShri C. Hanumantha RaoShri B. S. DinkarShri G. S. R. C. V. Prasad RaoShri N. V. H. ShastriShri R. RamchandraShri B. Arvinda Reddy

COMMISSIONERS:

Shri Y. Rajgopal Singh

PRINCIPALS:

Dr. Radha Krishna DwivediDr. JoshiDr. Ashananda Pancha RatnaDr. V. R. AndurkarDr. C. Mallikarjuna RaoDr. C. K. DiwakaranDr. I. Sanjeeva RaoDr. P. Seshi ReddyDr. M. Shankar ShastryDr. M Sharabhayya SharmaOr. P. Seshi ReddyDr. M. Sharabhayya SharmaOr. P. Seshi ReddyDr. T. Srinivasa RaoOJ. K. Narsimha Reddy

Bull. Ind. lnst. Hist. Med. Voi. XXIV

December 1968 to February 1973.March 1973 to August 1979.March 1979 to November 1380.November 1980 to May 1981.May 1981 to March 1982.March 1982 to March 1983.March 1983 to July 1984.August 1984 to June 1986.June 1986 to August 1989.August 1989 to November 1991.November 1991 to December 1992.

- 17th December 1992 - Continued.

TABLE - II

1940 -·19451946 - 19481948 - 19511952 -19561956 -19571957-19681969 - 19781978 - 19801980 --19831983 - 19841984 ...20 91 9841984·- 19851985···19921992 - .9941994 - Continued.

A Brief History of Ayurvda in Hyderabad - Vinod et al 69

Fig. 1. Right to Left: 1. HK. Narsingh Prasad, 2. Pt. Radha Krishna,3. HK. Ramanuja Swami, 4. HK. Shanker Prasad, 5. HK. Janardhana . 6.' HK. Ram Raj.

7. HK. M. A. Rangachary, 8. HK. Markandevulu, 9 HI<. Rarndas.11

Fig. 2. First and last page of an agreement in 1933.(Courtesy: Dr. Venkata Rama Raju )

13wl1. /00. lnst, Hist . Med. Vol. XX:ftf

Fig. 3~ Arrrva} of Prince of Berar err the inauqur aticn otNizam Avusvedic Colteqe, Sultan Bazaf i-n 1~35.

~Courtesy: Dr. Venk ata Rama Raju )

A Journey of Avurvedjc College ~Fig. 4 to 8)

fig. 4 Njz am Avurvsdis College at Troop Bazar.

A Brief History of Ayurveda in Hyderabad - Vinod et a/ 77

Fig. 5. Govt. Ayurvedic College at Sardar Mahal (Near Charminar) .

Fig. 6. Govt. Ayurvedic College at Maharaja Kishan Pershad Palace(Sha-Alibunda)

72' lEuPI.Ind. lnsr. Hist. Med. Vol. XX/II

Fig,. 7. Gov •. Avurvedic Coljeqe at Yakutpuca,

Fi,g. 8. Dr-, B. R. K. R.. Govt. Ayurvedic Colle.ge at' Erragada •..

A Brief History of Ayurveda in Hyderabad - Vinod et al 73

Fig. 9. Out-o atient Block Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Charmir.ar.

Fig. 10. In-patient Block Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital. Charminar.

7.4' E"u/1l. Ind. Ins!. His.t. Med. Vol. xxiv

Fig. 11. Govt. Ayurv.edi.c P-harmacy, Kated an ,

Fig. 1.2. An Internal, View of the Pharmacy.

A Brief History of Ayurveda in Hyderabad - Vinod et al 75

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