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Foundations of Hum
an Interaction
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Foundations of Human Interaction
Foundations of Human Interaction Series
Series Editor: N.J. En� eld
Contributors
Christoph Antweiler, Kurt Bayertz, Judith Burkart, Audun Dahl, N. J. Enfi eld,
Claudia Fichtel, Hans-Johann Glock, Peter M. Kappeler, Nikola Kompa,
Karl Mertens, Hannes Rakoczy, Anne Reboul, Neil Roughley,
Marco F. H. Schmidt, Jack Sidnell, Holmer Steinfath, Elliot Turiel,
Carel P. van Schaik
Edited by N E I L R O U G H L E Y & K U R T B AY E R T Z
THE
NORMATIVE
ANIMAL?
ON the A N T H ROPOLOGICA L SIGN I F ICA NC E of
SOCI A L, MOR A L, and L I NGU ISTIC NOR MS
Humans, it is often claimed, are rational,
linguistic, cultural, or moral creatures.
What these characterizations may all have
in common is the more fundamental claim
that humans are normative animals, in the
sense that they are creatures whose lives
are structured at a fundamental level by
their relationships to norms. The various
capacities singled out by talk of rational,
linguistic, cultural, or moral animals might
then all essentially involve an orientation to
obligations, permissions, and prohibitions.
And, if this is so, then perhaps it is a basic
susceptibility or proclivity to normative or
deontic regulation of thought and behavior
that enables humans to develop the various
specifi c features of their life form.
This volume of new essays investigates the
claim that humans are essentially normative
animals in this sense. The contributors do so
by looking at the nature and relations of three
types of norms, or putative norms—social,
moral, and linguistic—and asking whether
they might all be different expressions of
one basic structure unique to humankind.
These questions are posed by philosophers,
primatologists, behavioral biologists,
psychologists, linguists, and cultural
anthropologists, who have collaborated on
this topic for many years. The contributors
are committed to the idea that understanding
normativity is a two-way process, involving
a close interaction between conceptual
clarifi cation and empirical research.
RO
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BAYER
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ATIVE A
NIM
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NEIL ROUGHLEY is Chair for Philosophical
Anthropology and Ethics at the University
of Duisburg-Essen. He specializes in
metaethics, action theory, philosophical
psychology, and the theory of human
nature. His historical interests include the
classical fi gures of ethical sentimentalism,
particularly Adam Smith and David Hume,
as well as the history of action theory. He is
author of Wanting and Intending: Elements
of a Philosophy of Practical Mind (Springer
Macmillan, 2015), has edited several
volumes, including Forms of Fellow Feeling:
Empathy, Sympathy, Concern and Moral
Agency (Cambridge University Press, 2018),
and was recently guest editor of a special
issue of Philosophical Psychology, vol. 31/5
(2018), on Tomasello’s A Natural History of
Human Morality.
KURT BAYERTZ is Senior-Professor of Practical
Philosophy at the University of Münster. His
research focuses on ethics, anthropology,
and selected topics in the history of
philosophy. His monographs include
GenEthics: Technological Intervention in
Human Reproduction as a Philosophical
Problem (Cambridge University Press,
1994), Warum überhaupt moralisch sein?
(C. H. Beck, 2014), Der aufrechte Gang. Eine
Geschichte des anthropologischen Denkens
(C. H. Beck, 2014), and Interpretieren, um zu
verändern. Karl Marx und seine Philosophie
(C. H. Beck, 2018). His book Der aufrechte
Gang (The Upright Posture) received the
Tractatus Prize for philosophy.
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