04 By-products related to fuels

97/01189 Manganese pellets for hot coal gas desulfurization Hepworth. M. T. and Slimane, R. B. A77nu. Meet. Minn. Sect., SME, [Pm./, 1995, 68, 131-145. Considers the use of manganese pellets as inexpensive sorhents for hot coal gas desulfurization in combined-cycle power generation.

97/01190 Method and apparatus for controlling ammonia injection amount in nitrogen oxide removing device for treating coal burning flue gas Ishiguro, 0. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 238, 417 [96, 238, 4171 (Cl. BOlDS3/56), I7 Sep 1996, Appl. 95/44, 632, 3 Mar 1995, 6 pp (In Japanese).

97101191 Method for predicting production ratio of products from coal carbonization Shiraishi, K. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 143. 867 [96, 143, 8671 (Cl. ClOB47/00), 4 Jun 1996, Appl. 941283. 178, 17 Nov 1994, 7 pp (In Japanese). This paper details a method including the use of the volatile matter and oxygen/carbon atomic number ratio of coal to calculate yields of coke, tar, light oils, gases, ammonia liquors. carbon and volume of gases generated (converted to 4800 kcal/Nm3).

97101192 Moving granular-bed filter for multi-contaminant control McDaniel, H. M. et 01. Proc. Annu. Inl. Pittshurg/~ Cod Conf.. 1995, 12, 237-242. Discusses how a moving granular-bed filter can, in addition to the control of ash particulates, control other contaminants found in high-temperature, high-pressure coal gas streams through the use of chemically-reactive filter media. Additionally the report presents the initial results of the develop- ment of a clay-based filter medium.

97101193 On melting of ash from coal gasification in pre- sence of limestone flux Ninomiya, Y. et al. Sekirm Kagakrc Kuigi Happyo Ronhunshu, 1994, 31. 40- 43 (In Japanese). In this study the ash from a coal gaaiftcation furnace was fused in the presence of limestone flux to lower the melting point. A complete fusion and vitrification can be achieved by heating 70-100” above its pour point.

97101194 Particulate control device testing at the power systems development facility, Wilsonville, Alabama Longanbach. J. R. Proc. Amu. 1nt. fitr.rhwgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 260- 265. This paper discusses a planned testing program of ceramic candle filters and granular-bed filters.

97101195 Preparation of activated carbons from bituminous coals with COP activation. 1. Effects of oxygen content in raw coals. Teng, H. el al. Ind. Erig. C/rent. Res., 1996, 35, ( 1 l), 4043-4049. In this study activated carbons were prepared from three Australian bituminous coals by carbonization followed by activation in COz. Experi- mental results reveal that the oxygen content of the coals has a great influence on the behaviour during preparation and on the properties of the products.

97101198 Preparation, structure, and properties of coatings based on the Ti-W-C-N system deposited by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis gas-transport reactions Kalashnikova, L. V. et al. Fiz. Khim. Ohrah. Mater., 1996, (4), 50-55. (In Russian)

97101197 Pressurized stabilization of desulfurization resi- dues from gasification processes Yrjas, P. er 01. Enera) F&s, 1996, IO, (6). 1189-I 195. CaS (an unstable compound) is produced in the capture of HzS from gasification processes by limestone or dolomite. CaS must be stabilized before it can be disposed of since it may react with water. CaS stabilization by oxidation was studied with a pressurized thermobalance. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of p,,,,, po., temperature, and sulfidation degree. It was concluded that CaS produced from dolomite has a significantly higher tendency to oxidize to CaS04 than CaS from limestone.

97/01198 Procedure and apparatus for cooling and solidifi- cation of molten blast-furnace slag Doumet, J. E. Lebanon Ger. DE 19, 522, 320 (Cl. C2lB3/08), 22 Aug 1996, Appl. 19. 522, 320, 20 Jun 1995, 9 pp. (In German) Describes how a mixture of molten blast-furnace slag, coal fines, and steam is fed into a shaft reactor with a double-walled cooling jacket where a predetermined level of the charge is maintained. Coal is gasified in the reactor by using the heat content of steam and slag to obtain a (CO + HZ)- containing fuel gas. Slag is water-cooled, solidified, crushed, and withdrawn from the reactor together with ash remaining after gasification. The exiting fuel gas is passed through a waste-heat boiler to produce steam. Optionally, heavy liquid fuel fractions are gasified together with coal.

97/01199 A procedure for the production of ultra-pure pre- cursors from coal for the manufacture of value-added carbon products-preparation of an extract Chaudhuri, P. and Zondlo, J. W. FLtel Sci. Techno/. lnf., 1906, 14. (It)), 1433-1446. Discusses the development of a rigorous technique which has been implemented to produce coal-derived extracts with less than 0.1%~ ash. The existing solvent recovery procedure has been modified to exclude the presence of NMP-soluble inorganics which re-precipitated on the coal- derived extracts and were difficult to eliminate in the product extract. This technique reduces the concentration of ash in the extract, which can be used to manufacture ultrapure carbon precursors for specialized applications.

97/01200 Process for deashing coal tar Griggs. E. S. and Roder, W. R. US. US 5, 534, 137 (Cl. 208425: CIOGI/ 00) 9 Jul 1996, US Appl. 69, 121, 28 May 1993, 7 pp. Cont. of U.S. Ser. No. 69, 121, abandoned. This article describes novel processes for treating high-ash coal tars to produce coal tars which are suitable for distillation to form binder pitch. Preferred processes of the invention involve multistage centrifugations to reduce ash and preferably also quinoline insoluble levels. Processes of the invention also provide for the treatment of coal tar sludges to recover valuable coal tar distillate and dried, free-flowing coal related material having high fuel value.

97lO1201 Process for value recovery from activated carbon loaded with organic compounds, especially halogenated organ- ic compounds Zimmermann, J. and Wiesboeck, R. Ger. Offen. DE 19, 613, 376 (Cl. COlB31/32), 10 Ott 1996, AT Appl. 951596, 3 Apr 1995, 3 pp. (In German) Describes a process for the recovery of activated C. The process comprises converting the activated C with CaO and coke in an electric arc at a temperature of >1800” into CaCz and furnace gas. and cooling the furnace gas rapidly to 20-30” during which the residence time of the gas from 450 to 200’ is 0.1-10 s. The loaded active C may be fed into the electric arc furnace trough a hollow electrode.

97101202 Processes for simultaneous removal of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from boiler flue gases Nowak. W. and Krzywanski, J. Gospod. Pa/ialiwami E77erg.. 1996. 44, ((J), X- 14. (In Polish). A comparative study in which processes which simultaneously remove SO, and NO, from boiler flue gases are examined. Processes investigated include: activated C adsorption, combined adsorption/SO: conversion on adsorbent surface. selective catalytic reduction with NHx, NOySO process, Parsons process, Lurgi circulating fluidized-bed process, electron heam irradiation, alkali injection for SOI/NO, reduction and wet \cruhhing.

97101203 Production of bitumen binder by air oxidation of tar from coal gasification Savinykh, Y. V. ef al. Russ. RU 2, 051, 949 (Cl. ClOC3/04), IO Jan IYYh, Appl. 93, 056, 1 I I, 20 Dee 1993. (In Russian) From Izohrete,r;~a 1996, (I), 214.

97101204 Program for complete utilization of saline mine water drained off into the Vistula river basin Chowaniec, J. and Swist, K. 4). 77-97. PhN. I trlate.

Arch. Ochr. Srodowiska, 1995 (Pub. 1996). (3-

Detailed ‘in this piper is a programme for the complete use of saline pit water discharged from a coal mine consortium in NSW. S.A.. which successfully achieves first class purity with respect to Cll and SO?‘- content in the upper course of the Vistula River. The basic saline water utilization technology is discussed, with particular attention to thermic utilization. The technology proposed is a creative adaptation of the best techniques verified in practice, which would ensure high quality desalination products and account for economic profits. The total plant cost is estimated to be x350 million USD; the construction period is 1996 to 2000. The second technological of saline water discussed is water injection into absorptive deposits of geological rock mass. Depending on local hydrogeological conditions at each mine, NSW S.A. predicts saline water injection into various deposits with suitable absorptivity. Using this method, approxi- mately 70,000 m3/day less saline water from NSW S.A. could be used after thermic utilization, hut costs are compensated only in the range of decrease of charges paid for Cl- + SOzml ions disposal. These activities do not require higher monetary expenditures vs methods discussed, although anticipated results are limited; only a 10% reduction of total salt can he achieved.

97101205 Properties of carbon contained in fly ash discharged from pulverized coal combustion boiler Chen, Y. and Mori, S. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronhunshu, 1993, 30, 75-78 (In Japanese).. In this study fly ashes discharged from a pulverized coal combustion boiler were classified into two components: (I) smaller fly ash particles 38 ),m, and (2) larger fly ash particles >12S ,,m. The carbon contained in both components was separated from the fly ash by ultrasonic oil agglomeration. and the properties of the separated carbons were examined by X-ray diffraction, SEM, and thermogravimetric analysis. The carbon remaining in

98 Fuel and Energy Abstracts March 1997