09 Combustion (burners, combustion systems)

95lO4938 Renewable8 - A falrrr bet? Moore, K. Elect. Rev., Apr. 1995, 228, (8). 39-42. A review of the recent round of orders in the UK under the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation to develop renewable energy.

95lo4939 The role of renewable energy In the energy ??yatam. An laaua In the phlloaophy of renewal of natural resourcea Islam, S. M. Energy Economics, Apr. 1995, 17, (2), 117-124. The paper argues that a pra address the issue of renew a$d

atic approach to natural resources may well! although a definite philosophy of

renewal ls essential. To establish thni argument! an energy model termed the Australian Energy Policy System Optimization Model is adopted as a case study. Results of the model support the argument.

95104940 Technological lnnovatlon and development In Ghana’s renewable energy sector: An appralaal Abakah, E. M. OPEC Review, Summer 1995. 19, (2), 169-179. The paper discusses how Ghana is endowed naturally with renewable energy resources. These resources exist in the form of bio, hydro and solar energy, Bio energy resources occur in the form of wood fuels in the forest areas, but the rate of exploitation exceeds that of regeneration. Hydro energy is currently under-exploited in the country, except for two major hydro electric power (HEP dams on the River Volta, which washes the

d heari of the country’s lan mass. Solar energy is available in unlimited quantities, but is utilised mainly in Ls raw state through open sun-drying. Wind energy, ocean tides and geotheraml energy resources are either insig- nificant or yet to be exploited.

95104941 Thermal and ostalytlc coprocaaalng of coal and waste materlala Orr, E. C. ef al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, # 44-?J;

e solld state hydroliqucfaction of Blind Canyon (Utah) coal with a mixed waste plastic, or ground waste tyres was carried out at 350’ and 4300 in tubing bomb reactors at 1000 psig (cold) H, in the presence of ammo- nium tetrathiomolybdate catalyst. Coprocessing at 430” in HX gave the highest total conversion yields for the coal-waste tyres reactions, with diminished 2x1 and the carbon black contamination in the produd hquids.

95l04942 Dagnall, S.

UK ??trategy for centrallaed anaaroblc dlgeatlon Bioresource Tech&, 1995, 52, (3). 275-280.

Experience to date with on-farm anaerobic digestion in the UK has been poor. For a number of reasons, many of these plants have not performed to expectations. The resource is generally considered too widely dispersed for most individual farms to economically exploit. Althoup useful experience is available from Denmark, where centrabsed anaerobic digestion facilities are well established, there are likely to be problems implementing such schemes in the UK. The strategy outlined in this paper recommends a hvo- phase approach. Phase 1 is aimed at gathering sufficient information with which to form an opinion about the viability of centralised anaerobic diges- tion in the UK. Proceedings to project implementation in Phase 2 is depen- dent on the fiidings of Phase 1.

95104943 Ina oroceas

Uaa of acrap rubber tlrea for fuel In Iron-ore amelt- “,- ~-

Greenwalt, R. B. (Assigned to) Bechrel Group Inc., US Pat. US.5,380,352, Jan 1995.

95104944 buatlon of

Ualng waste materlal to reduce emlaalona - Com- lass relnforced plaatlc wlth coal In a fluldlzed bed

Fenwick, N. P . and Pickering, S. J. Proc. Inst. Me& Eng. IMechE Co& Engineering for Profit from Waste N, 1994, 157-165. Discusses how scrap glass reinforced plastic can be burned with coal in a fluidized bed without adversely affecting the operation of the combustion plant, while greatly reducing the emissions of sulphur dioxide.

95104945 The vlew from Waahlngton Hochanadel, J. Solar Today, Jul.-Aug. 1995, 9, (4), 18-19. Reports on legislation of renewable energy pmgrammes in the USA

95104946 Warts upgradlng In gaalflcation plante of Laualtzer Braunkohle AG Schneider, J. et al., Ber.-Dtsch Wiss. Ges. E&xl, Erdgas Kohk, Tagungsber, 1994, 9401, 227-239. (In German) In Schwarze Pumpe, there are large-scale installations for the production of town gas from brown coal. Essential installation parts are available in yearlon select ei!

tested form. The suitability of the installauon for gasification of residues and wastes is demonstrated. The operational runs carried

out on a commercial scale form the basis for the construction of a residue upgrading centre.

95104947 Water power - An ecologlcal opportunlty Emler, J. St&. Tech. Rev., 1995, (1). 27-29. Discusses the use of water power as a renewable ener of the oower station at Wvnau in Switzerland to d

y. Uses the example emonstrate how the

95lO4940 Gay, C. F.

Why fund renewable87 Solar Today, Jul.-Aug. 1995. 9, (4), p. 58.

The author discusses renewable energy in the USA.

OS STEAM RAISING

Boiler Operation/Design

95104949. Coal ch_aracterlzatlon for predicting ash depoal- tlon: An lnternatlonal perapectlve Skorupska, N. M. and Couch, G. Proc. Ash Deposition Coal Fired Plants, $ll.;and Conf., Taylor & Frank, Washington, DC, VU, 1994,

The paper discusses methods to characterize coal propensity to ash deposit formation in boilers.

95104950 Comparlaon of two advanced ateam temperature controllers for coal-fired boilers Riggs, J. B. et aL, Comput Chem. Eng., 1995, 19, (5), 541-550. A nonlinear oroccss model based control (nonlinear PMBCl alnorithm, which is b&d u variable control ap

on using a nonlinear aptiroximate modcl,‘an&a state gorithm have been tested on a medium fidelity simula-

tion of a drum-type coal-fired boiler. A simple PI controller was also tested as a point of referencc.

95lO4951 Enhanced nucleate bolllng heat transfer In a nar- row conflned apace between a heatlna surface and a alltted P+ Fu&,4y. and Uchida, S. J. of Enhanced Hear Transfer, 1995, 2, (l),

- . Systematic experiments were conducted of nucleate pool boiling of water and R113 for a wnfiied space created by a narrow gap between a rectan- gular vertical heating surface set parallel to an opposed unheated @.ss plate. Three parameters are assumed significant to wnfiied spaced boding heat transfer: ga plate; number o P*

size between the heating surface and the unheated glass Sites equally dividing the unheated plate; and the periph-

era1 condition of the space, whether it is partly closed or open. The present tidings are summarized.

95104952 Cyklis, P.

Impact of fuel on emlaalona and boller afflclenc Gospod Paliwami Energ., 1994, 42, (9), 26-29. (In Polish r

Reports on a survey of boilers in Krakow, Poland which showed that they are one of the significant sources of air pollution. Several kinds of fuel (coal. coke, briquets) have been tested for each of the chosen boilers.

95104953 Model predictions of sulfur capture performance In coal-fired clrculatlng fluldlred bed bollera Ch!, Y. et al., Gongcheng Rewuli Xuebao, 1994, 15, (4), 449-452. (In Chmese) Describes the development of a model of sulphur capture performance in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler.

95104954 The propertlea of thermal affecta of aah depoalts In coal-fired furnaces: k revlew Wall, T. F. et al., Proc. Impact Ash Deposition Coal Fired Plants, Eng. Found. Conf, Taylor & Francis, Washingron, DC, USA, 1994, 463-477. The paper discusses the effects of ash deposits formed in a coal-fired boiler on the absorption of incident radiation -and the transfer of this energy to water tubes.

95104955 Selectlon of the temperature of gases at the outlet of furnace according to alagglng condltlona Alekhnovich, A. N. and Bogomolov, V. V. 1994.181 23-26. (In Russian)

Teploenergetika (Moscow),

Des&i& the dev‘clopment 01 a formula for the calculation of the maxi- mum gas temperature at furnace exit in a coal-fired boiler that can be maintained without causing slagging problems.

09 COMBUSTION

Burners, Combustion Systems

95104956 Advanced utlllzatlon of coal for electric P

ower gen- eration and envlronmental plants. 1. Advanced ut II&Ion of coal for electric power generatlon Omura. K et al., Kagaku Sochi 1995. 37. (31, 69-74. (In Japanese) Discus&s pressurized &id&d-b& corn&i&~ based sy&ems-for el&tric power generation.

renew& of existing hydruacc power plants can increase the generation of power without any major impairment to the environment.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1995 351