15 Environment (pollution, heetth protection, safety)

95loo902 Use of an open absorption heat-pump for energy conservation In a public rwlmming-pool Westerlund, L. and Dahl, J. Applied Energy, 1994, 49, (3), 275-300. A conventional climatization system at a public swimming-pool normally uses outdoor air to remove the moisture from the facility. This practice results in large heat losses. An open absorption heat-pump can dehumidify the outlet air from the building: this makes it possible to recirculate a larger amount of air and so reduce the heating requirements for the facility signif- icantly. Measurements on two types of systems have been performed dur-

roximately 4000 h in a bath house in northern Sweden. In 1990, the tion heat-pump decreased the heat supply by 445

while the electricity supply was increased by 233 MWh. The uncertainty in the annual energy savmg with the open system can be estimated to be in the range lo-15%. Tbe results show that public baths are an interesting application area for the open absorption technique.

%lW8W Ben1 pollution P

n by doslgn: Altematlvr ryntherlr drlgn for prevent on

knastas, P.-T. and Far& C. A. (eds) ACS Publications, American Chemi- cal Society, Dept.338, PG Bar 57136, Washington, DC.20037-0136, USA, $59.95, 1994, 208 pp, Describes the current status and potential of synthetic chemistry designed to use and to generate fewer hazardous substances. Examines new tech- niques for carrying out transformation in environmentally benign solvent systems. Presents research results on the replacement of hazardous feed- stocks with biolo ‘tally derived, imtocuous feedstocks: of hazardous reagents with visib e light; and of phosgene, benzene, and halogens in a 7 variety of industrially im ortant reactions. Provides examples of how alter- native synthetic design or pollution prevention has been made commer- P cially viable. Describes how to conduct a source-reduction assessment and analyzes computer-assisted synthetic design.

95/00803 Wide-bolllng rrtrlgrrant mlxturer for energy saving Bensafi, A. and Haselden, G. B. Inr. J. Refrig., Sep. 1994, 17, (7) 1Ln 1-1 wx9’-9 14.

The paper discusses how energy saving can be achieved in air condition- ingiheat ump systems by using a refrigerant mixture whose temperature glide in t K e condenser and evaporator approximately matches the tempera- ture intervals through which air is heated and cooled.

95100910 Blologlcal In-rltu purltlcatlon gezs ,,G. ef al., Gas (Netherlands), Nov. 1994, 114, (ll), 596-598. (In

.a Recently the gas factory site in Bevenvijk (NL) came up for sale. As a result is became subject to soil remediation within the framework of the Interim Soil Remediation Act. For this project an alternative, sober remediation method was looked for because of less urgency, a lack of money and the expected negative environmental effects when using the classical excavation method.in view of the future industrial use of thg site it was neither necessarv to carry out the remediation uo to vegetable garden

15 ENVIRONMENT quality. The biological in-situ purification proved to ipose?he leasi envi- ronmental burden.

Pollution, Health Protection, Safety

95lQO504 Advanced hot gas clernlng system for coal gaalfl- catlon processes Newby, R. A. and Bannister, R. L. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 1994, 116, (2), 338-344. The paper discusses advanced hot gas cleaning systems for coal gasifica- tion, especially the Westinghouse process, which removes particulates, sulphur, and alkali vapours using ceramic barrier filters for multiple clean- ing functions. The process is especially applicable to coal-based technolo- gies for power generation and industrial-scale energy production.

%/00811 Calcium zeolltr preparation from coal aah Meguro, M. (Assigned to) Nippon Steel Corp., JAP. Pat. JP.O6,144,829, May 1994. A process where calcium zeolites are prepared at low cost by mixing the coal ash and an alkaline solution, with the additon of silicic acid-rich or aluminium-rich materials, heating, dehydration, again addition of water and lime powder to prepare a slurry, and adjustment of the pH at >4 and agitation. The preparation is useful for the improvement of soil qualities.

95/00812 Carbon dloxlds capture from power station@ Andrea Smith, IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Pro ramme, CRE, Stoke

Orchard Cheltenham, Glous. GL52 4RZ, UK, f13. & 28 PP. The book is the second in the series of summarv reoorts from the IAE Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, following G&e&owe gas emissions from power stations. The report concentrates on the capture technologies, the costs involved and the emission characteristics. A number of CO, cap- ture technologies are compared, namely: absorption, adsorption, mem- branes and cryogenics. Each technology is described in detail, together with the results of engineering studies valued at f120,000, which were commissioned specifically for the report.

95/00505 Advanced In-duct rorbent lnjrctlon procere for SO, control Withum, J. A. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 261-266. The paper describes the status of development of an advanced duct-sor- bent-injection recess for the control of SO, emissions from coal-fired power plants. h e technical objective of the project is to develop a low- capital-cost process capable of over 90% SO,removal as a retrofit option for compliance with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.

95/OOQO5 tal effects

Aerorolo of lndustrlal orlgln and their envlronmen-

Sziklai, L. er al., Izotoprech. Diagn., 1994, 37, (l), 9-18. (In Hungarian) Several sediment type solid phase particles of industrial origins from five Hungarian coal-fired power stations were characterized for their morphol- ogy, chemical composition, enrichment rates of toxic components in fine particulate fractions as well as for their leaching behaviour in simulated acidic rain media.

95/00507 Alternatlve control technlquer document - NO, emlsalone from utlllty bollero

Report EPA-453/R-94-023, US EPA Ofi Air Qual. Plann. Standard, Research Triangle Park, NC.27711, USA, 1994, 528 pp. The report decribes available alternative control techniques for reducing NO, emissions from utility boilers (burning coal, fuel oil, or natural gas), including a discussion of the formation of NO, and uncontrolled emission levels. _

95lWSOQ Asrerrlng the carclnogenlc potency of rnvlron- mental coal tarr, byproducta of coal garlflcatlon Wyzga, R. E. and Goldstein, L. S. Toxicol. Chem. Mixtures, Academic, San Diego, CA, USA, 1994, 83-97. Given the lack of current data, researchers deemed it necessary to define and understand an appropriate research protocol that could yield risk esti- mations for this complex and heterogeneous mixture in a way that satisfies as much as possible the current regulatory approaches for assessing risk. Describes the protocol developed for this assessment.

95lOo013 Carbon dloxlde dlrporal from power statlona Andrea Smith, LEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, CRE, Stoke

Orchard, Cheltenham, Glous. GL52 4RZ, UK, f13.00, 24 pp. The latest publication and third in the series from the IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme. The report concentrates on technologies for the disposal of CO, from power stations. It specifically investigates the use of deep oceans, aqutfers, exhausted oil and gas reservoirs and storage of CO as a solid in an insulated repository. Each process is described in detat and *i includes data from studies valued at over f 125,000 commissioned specifi- cally for the Programme.

95lOo514 Carbon-monoxide concentration In the Earth’8 atmoephere Badr, 0. and Probert, D. Applied Energy, 1994, 49, (2), 99-143. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the main reactive trace-gases in the earth’s atmosphere: it influences the atmospheric chemistry and the cli- mate. In order to evaluate the global climatic effects of CO, knowledge of its abundance, distribution and trends with time are required. In this study the current understanding of these issues is discussed. Although there are indications that the average tropospheric concentration of CO is increasing, accurate estimates will require much longer periods of systematic measurements.

95100915 CFC and HCFC emlsrloru from alr condltlonlng svstemr Bhtler, D. Proc. of the First Int. Conf Building & the Environment, BRE, Watford CIB Materials Paner 21, Mav 1994. The- paper discuses ihe _ causes of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbon emissions from air conditioning systems, and summarises guidance on ways to minim& these emissrons. Gives the results of a recent BRE work to investigate the effectiveness of refrigerant system performance monitoring.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts January 1995 47