93777408 the composition of air

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    5.1 The Composition of Air

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Composition of Air

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    The Composition Of Air

    Air is a mixture of few gases

    Nitrogen (78%)

    Oxygen (21%)

    Inert gases + othersubstances (0.97%)

    Carbon dioxide (0.03%)

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Komposisi Udara

    Topik 5 Udara Di Sekeliling Kita

    Komposisi Udara

    Udara ialah campuran beberapa jenis gas

    Nitrogen (78%)

    Oksigen (21%)

    Gas nadir + bahan lain(0.97%)

    Karbon dioksida

    (0.03%)

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Composition of Air

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Experiment To Show The Percentage Of Oxygen In Air

    Percentage of oxygen in air = (x - y) cm 100%

    x cm

    DiscussionWater rose to one-fifth of the height of the gas jar at the end of

    experiment.

    Gas jar

    Candle

    Cork

    Water

    x cmy cm

    At the beginning

    of the experiment

    At the end of the

    experiment

    This shows that one-fifth of the air is used up for the combustion.

    Air consists of 21% of oxygen.

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Komposisi Udara

    Topik 5 Udara Di Sekeliling Kita

    Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Peratus Oksigen Di Udara

    Peratus oksigen di udara = (x - y) cm 100%

    x cm

    PerbincanganAir naik sehingga satu per lima tinggi kelalang gas di akhir

    eksperimen

    Kelalang gas

    Lilin

    Gabus

    Air

    x cmy cm

    Di awal

    eksperimen

    Di akhir

    eksperimen

    Satu per lima daripada kandungan udara digunakan untuk

    pembakaran

    Udara terdiri daripada 21% oksigen.

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Composition of Air

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Discussion:

    The liquid collected changes the colour of cobalt chloride paper

    from blue to pink.

    Retort stand Retort stand

    Ice Ice

    Liquid

    Drops of water

    Water vapour in the air condenses to form drops of water when

    in contact with cold surface.

    At the beginning of the experiment At the end of the experiment

    Experiment To Show That Air Contains Water Vapour

    Air contains water vapour.

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    Komposisi Udara

    Topik 5 Udara Di Sekeliling Kita

    Perbincangan:

    Cecair yang terkumpul menukarkan warna kertas kobalt klorida

    biru menjadi merah jambu

    Kaki Retort Kaki Retort

    Ais Ais

    Cecair

    Titisan air

    Wap air di udara terkondensasi lalu membentuk titisan air

    apabila wap air bersentuhan dengan permukaan sejuk

    Di awal eksperimen Di akhir eksperimen

    Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Udara Mengandungi Wap Air

    Udara mengandungi wap air

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    The Composition of Air

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Discussion: The dust in the air falls on the sticky side of the cellophone tape.

    SlideCellophane tape with

    sticky side facing up

    Sterile petri dish

    Sterile nutrient agar

    exposed to air

    White colonies present on the agar.

    Experiment To Show That Air Contains Dust

    Particles And Microorganisms

    Dust present in the air

    Microorganisms are present in the air.

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    Komposisi Udara

    Topik 5 Udara Di Sekeliling Kita

    Perbincangan: Debu di udara jatuh ke bahagian pita selofon yang melekit.

    SlaidPita selofon dengan

    bahagian melekit

    diletakkan di atas

    Piring petri steril

    Agar bernutrien dan

    steril dibiarkan

    terdedah kepada udara

    Koloni putih tumbuh dalam agar

    Eksperimen Untuk Menunjukkan Udara Mengandungi

    Debu dan Mikroorganisma

    Debu hadir dalam udara.

    Mikroorganisma hadir dalam udara.

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    5.2 The Properties Of Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    Turns hydrogen carbonate

    indicator to yellow

    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Properties Of Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Comparison Between Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide

    Oxygen Properties Carbon Dioxide

    Solubility in water

    Reaction with

    sodium hydroxide solution

    Reaction with glowing and

    burning splinter

    Reaction with moist blue and

    red litmus paper

    Slightly soluble

    Not soluble

    Glowing splinter relights

    No effect on

    both litmus paper

    Slightly soluble

    Very soluble (forms

    sodium carbonate)

    Burning splinter is

    extinguished

    Changes moist blue

    litmus paper to red

    Reaction with lime water

    Reaction with hydrogen

    carbonate indicator

    No effect

    No effect

    Lime water turns cloudy

    Colour Colourless Colourless

    Odour Odourless Odourless

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    Warna penunjuk bikarbonat

    berubah kepada kuning

    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Sifat-sifat Oksigen Dan Karbon Dioksida

    Topik 5 Udara Di sekeliling Kita

    Perbandingan Antara Oksigen dan Karbon Dioksida

    Oksigen Sifat Karbon Dioksida

    Kelarutan dalam air

    Tindak balas dengan larutan

    natrium hidroksida

    Tindak balas dengan kayu uji

    menyala dan kayu uji berbara

    Tindak balas dengan kertas

    litmus merah dan biru lembap

    Larut sedikit

    Tidak larut

    Kayu uji menyala terbakar

    Tiada kesan pada kedua-

    dua kertas litmus

    Larut sedikit

    Sangat larut (membentuk

    natrium karbonat)

    Kayu uji berbara

    terpadam

    Kertas litmus biru

    berubah kepada merah

    Tindak balas dengan air kapur

    Tindak balas dengan

    penunjuk hidrogen karbonat

    Tiada kesan

    Tiada kesan

    Air kapur menjadi keruh

    Warna Tidak berwarna Tidak berwarna

    Bau Tiada bau Tiada bau

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    5.3 Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    ITeach Science Form 1

    T i 5 Th Ai A d U

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    The process of oxidizing digested food in the body cells to produce

    heat energy, carbon dioxide and water.

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Respiration

    Food + O2 CO2 + H2O + Heat Energy

    T ik 5 Ud Di k lili Kit

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    Proses pengoksidaan makanan tercerna dalam badan bagi

    menghasilkan tenaga haba, karbon dioksida dan air.

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Respirasi

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

    Respirasi

    Makanan + O2 CO2 + H2O + Tenaga haba

    Topic 5 The Air Aro nd Us

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    Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    To Show That Living Things Use Oxygen

    During Respiration

    Wire gauze Glass tube

    Drop of red ink

    (indicator)Cotton soaked in sodium

    hydroxide solution

    Cockroach

    Germinating

    green beans

    A

    B

    C

    Observation: Boiling tube Observation

    A Indicator moved inwards

    B Indicator moved inwards

    C Indicator remains at the original position

    Conclusion: Living things use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during

    respiration. The volume of air in the tube will decrease when

    sodium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide. This causes the

    indicator to moves inwards.

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Respirasi

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

    Untuk Menunjukkan Benda Hidup

    Menggunakan Oksigen Semasa Respirasi

    Dawai kasa Tiub kaca

    Titisan dakwat

    merah (penunjuk)Kapas direndam dalam

    larutan natrium hidroksida

    Lipas

    Biji benih

    bercambah

    A

    B

    C

    Pemerhatian: Tabung didih Pemerhatian

    A Penunjuk bergerak ke dalam tabung didih

    B Penunjuk bergerak ke dalam tabung didih

    C Penunjuk tidak bergerak

    Kesimpulan: Benda hidup menggunakan oksigen dan membebaskan karbon

    dioksida dalam proses respirasi.

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    To Show That Living Things Give Out Carbon

    Dioxide During Respiration

    Observation: Boiling tube Colour changes of the indicator

    P Red to yellow

    Q Red to yellow

    R Remains unchanged

    Conclusion: Living things release carbon dioxide during respiration.

    Cockroach

    Hydrogen carbonate indicator

    Germinating

    green beansWire

    gauze

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Respirasi

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

    Untuk Menunjukkan Benda Hidup Membebaskan

    Karbon Dioksida Semasa Respirasi

    Pemerhatian: Tabung didih Perubahan warna penunjuk

    P Merah kepada kuning

    Q Merah kepada kuning

    R Warna kekal merah

    Conclusion: Benda hidup membebaskan karbon dioksida dalam

    proses respirasi.

    Lipas

    Penunjuk hidrogen karbonat

    Biji benih

    bercambahDawai

    kasa

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    Oxygen Is Needed For Respiration

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Composition Of Inhaled And Exhaled Air

    Gas Inhaled air

    Oxygen 21 %

    Carbon dioxide 0.03 %

    Exhaled air

    16 %

    4 %

    Nitrogen 78 %

    Inert gases 0.97 %

    78 %

    0.97 %

    Water vapour Lesser More

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Respirasi

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

    Komposisi Udara Sedutan dan Udara Hembusan

    Gas Udara Sedutan

    Oksigen 21 %

    Karbon dioksida 0.03 %

    Udara Hembusan

    16 %

    4 %

    Nitrogen 78 %

    Gas-gas nadir 0.97 %

    78 %

    0.97 %

    Wap air Berkurang Bertambah

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    5.4 Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    A chemical process that occurs when fuel is burnt in oxygen and

    produces carbon dioxide and energy.

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    Combustion

    Combustion of carbon :

    Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Heatcombustion

    Combustion of hydrocarbon :

    Hydrocarbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Heatcombustion

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    Suantu proses kimia yang berlaku apabila bahan api terbakardengan kehadiran oksigen dan membebaskan karbon dioksida

    dan tenaga haba

    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Pembakaran

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

    Pembakaran

    Pembakaran karbon :

    Karbon + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + Tenaga habapembakaran

    Pembakaran hidrokarbon :

    Hidrokarbon + Oksigen Karbon dioksida + Air + Tenaga Habapembakaran

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Oxygen Is Needed For Combustion

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    The Importance

    Of Combustion

    Provides heat

    Provides light

    Transportation

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Oksigen Diperlukan Untuk Pembakaran

    p g

    Kepentingan

    Pembakaran

    Memberikan

    haba

    Memberikan

    cahaya

    Pengangkutan

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    5.5 Air Pollution

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    p

    Air Pollution

    High Concentration of pollutants in air

    Pollutants

    Harmful substances that

    are added in the air

    Dust Smoke Pesticides

    Nitrogen

    oxide

    Carbon

    monoxide

    Carbon

    dioxide

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Pencemaran Udara

    Pencemaran

    Udara

    Kepekatan bahan pencemar udara yang tinggi di udara

    Bahan pencemar

    Bahan berbahaya yang

    terdapat di udara

    Debu Asap Racun

    serangga

    Nitrogen

    oksida

    Karbon

    monoksida

    Karbon

    dioksida

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    Sources Of Air Pollutant

    Combustion

    Carbon dioxide

    Dust

    Smoke

    Deforestation

    Dust

    Smoking

    Carbon dioxide

    Motor vehicles

    Leaded fuels

    Agricultural activity

    Pesticide

    Carbon dioxide

    Industrial activity

    Carbon monoxide

    Sulphur dioxide

    Carbon dioxide

    Smoke

    Carbon dioxide

    Nicotine, tobacco, tar

    Carbon dioxide

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Pencemaran Udarap g

    Sumber Bahan Pencemar

    Udara

    Pembakaran

    Karbon dioksida

    Debu

    Asap

    Penebangan hutan

    Debu

    Rokok

    Karbon dioksida

    Kenderaan

    Bahan api

    berplumbum

    Aktiviti pertanian

    Racun serangga

    Karbon dioksida

    Aktiviti industri

    Karbon monoksida

    Sulfur dioksida

    Karbon dioksida

    Asap

    Karbon dioksida

    Nikotin, tembakau,

    tar

    Karbon dioksida

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    Air Pollution Causes Health Problem

    Smoke and dust respiratory disease

    Carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide headache, dizziness, death

    Sulphur dioxide bronchitis, pneumonia and lung cancer

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Pencemaran Udara

    Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah

    Kesihatan

    Asap dan debu penyakit berkaitan pernafasan

    Karbon monoksida atau nitrogen dioksida sakit kepala, pening,

    kematian

    Sulfur dioksida bronkitis, pneumonia dan kanser paru-paru

    Bronkiol normal Bronkitis

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem Acid Rain

    Sulphur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide + rain acid rain

    Water in ponds or river turns acidic aquatic plants and animal die

    Corrodes and damages buildings

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Pencemaran Udara

    Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam Sekitar-

    Hujan Asid

    Sulfur dioksida atau nitrogen dioksida + hujan hujan asid

    Air kolam dan sungai menjadi berasid tumbuhan dan haiwan akuatik

    mati

    Menghakis dan memusnahkan bangunan

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem

    Thinning Of The Ozone Layer

    Chlorofluorocarbon ( CFC ) destroy the ozone layer

    Allow more ultraviolet rays to reach the earth

    Causes skin cancer and damage our eyes

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Pencemaran Udara

    Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam Sekitar

    Penipisan Lapisan Ozon

    KlorofluoroKarbon ( CFC ) memusnahkan lapisan ozon

    Menyebabkan lebih banyak sinar ultaungu sampai ke bumi

    Menyebabkan kanser kulit dan merosakkan mata

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Air Pollution

    Air Pollution Causes Environmental Problem

    The Greenhouse Effect

    Carbon dioxide prevents heat from the Earth from escaping into space

    Increase of the Earths temperature causes global warming

    orgreenhouse effect

    Melting of ice at the poles causes rising sea levels

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Pencemaran Udara

    Pencemaran Udara Menyebabkan Masalah Alam Sekitar

    Kesan Rumah Hijau

    Karbon dioksida menghalang haba daripada Bumi terbebas ke angkasa

    Peningkatan suhu Bumi menyebabkan pemanasan global atau kesan

    rumah hijau

    Ais di kutub melebur menyebabkan peningkatan paras air laut

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    5.6 The Importance of Keeping The Air Clean

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

    ITeach Science Form 1

    Th I f K i Th Ai Cl

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Importance of Keeping The Air Clean

    The Importance of Keeping

    The Air Clean

    To ensure the survival of

    human being and other

    living organisms

    To maintain and

    guarantee the good

    health of the community

    K ti M k lk K b ih Ud

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    Kepentingan Mengekalkan Kebersihan Udara

    Kepentingan Mengekalkan

    Kebersihan Udara

    Untuk memastikan

    kemandirian manusia

    dan organisma hidup

    yang lain

    Untuk mengekalkan dan

    menjamin kesihatan

    manusia

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    K ti M k lk K b ih Ud

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Kepentingan Mengekalkan Kebersihan Udara

    Langkah-Langkah

    Untuk Menghalang

    Dan Mencegah

    Pencemaran Udara

    Masyarakat

    Elakkan pembakaran terbuka.

    Guna semula, kitar semula dan kurangkan

    Industri

    Gunakan petrol tidak berplumbum

    Gunakan gas mesra ozon

    Membina corong tinggi bagi kilang

    Perundangan

    Menguatkuasakan undang-undang baru

    Pendidikan

    Kempen, seminar, aktiviti atau iklan

    melalui media masa

    Th I t f K i Th Ai Cl

    Topic 5 The Air Around Us

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    ITeach Science Form 1

    The Importance of Keeping The Air Clean

    Ways To Keep

    The Air Clean

    Reduce the use of air-

    conditioner

    Avoid open burning

    Stop smoking

    Plant more trees for

    reforestation

    Use public transport

    (LRT, Commuter train)

    Recycle, reuse,reduce.

    Car pool

    Kepentingan Mengekalkan Kebersihan Udara

    Topik 5 Udara Disekeliling Kita

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    ITeach Sains Tingkatan 1

    Kepentingan Mengekalkan Kebersihan Udara

    Cara-CaraMengekalkan

    Udara Bersih

    Kurangkan

    penggunaan

    penyaman udara

    Elakkan pembakaran

    terbuka

    Berhenti merokok

    Penanaman semula

    tumbuhan

    Gunakan

    pengangkutan awam

    (LRT, komuter)

    Kitar semula, guna

    semula dan kurangkan

    Perkongsian kereta

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    The End

    i - Teach