9.1. the internet domain names and ip addresses. aims be able to compare terms such as domain names...
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9.1. The Internet
Domain Names and IP addresses
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Aims
Be able to compare terms such as Domain names and IP addressesURL,URI and URNInternet Registries and ISP
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Domain Name Systems (DNS)
The Domain Name System maps the domain names onto IP addresses as numbers are hard to memorise
DNS is a distributed database of information is used to translate domain names
(e.g. yale-wrexham.ac.uk) into the IP addresses (152.123.86.34)
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Domain Name System Domain name:
Identifies one or more IP addresses E.g. microsoft.com represents several IP addresses
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) networkID and host ID (e.g. 195.112.56.124) (not a subfolder such as
www.yahoo.com/myfreewebspace/index.htm) DNS Hierarchy
Level1: .uk, .be, .de , .org, .net, .int, .edu, .gov. Level2: .co, .ac, .sch, .ltd
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Domain Names
http://www.payne-gallway.co.uk
The domain names specifies the name of the server or directory on which the Web resource is held.
Domain names identify the type of organisation and often country in which the server is located
Domain Name
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Internet registrar and registries
Internet registries store registered domain names
They track association between Internet addresses such as 196.100.11.4 and domain names
Internet registrars – private companies responsible for registering Internet domains. e.g. InterNIC
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Internet Service provider
or Internet Access Providers (IAP) Some WANs act as service providers,
and members of the public or businesses can join these networks
in return for a monthly fee.
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Uniform Resource Identifier This umbrella term is used for URLs and URNs A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is like a person's name,
(what) A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is like his or her street
address. (where) A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is like a person’s
name and address (what and where) The URN defines an item's identity, while the URL
provides a method for finding it Examples are:
http://www.microsoft.com/index/index.html ftp://ictweb/myfolder/myfile.txt Urn:isbn:0-06-251587-X
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
http://www.microsoft.com/index/index.html
How:Protocol used for connection to the server
Where: Protocol used for connection to the server
What: the path on the addressed server
Other examples:mailto:mbox@domain ftp://host/file http://domain/path
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Uniform Resource Name (URN)
The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) refers to the subset of URI that identifies a resource by name in a given namespace but not define how the resource maybe obtained
URNs are required to remain globally unique even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable.
Example:
Urn:isbn:0-06-251587-X
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World Wide Web
A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet which allows people to view information stored on participating computers.
It consists of documents called pages that contain information on a particular topic, and links to other Web pages, which may be stored on other computers in different countries.
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Intranet
A private company wide network run along the lines of the World Wide Web and uses the same protocol as internet =>TCP/IP
(not: LOCAL network) Advantages
Sharing information and documents, databases and applications
Specific information can be downloaded Only suitable material can be viewed