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90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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April 28, 2020
Start of Cold WAr• US atom bomb drop
> show to Russia to that we won't accept Communism spreading into Japan & around the world
> start of competition btwn US & USSR Arms Race> show of US dominance in the world
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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Group Tasks
Spirit 398399 & 399400 • Explain the arguments for and against the Truman Doctrine in 1947.
Spirit 408409 & 409411• Why did the Communist Party successfully take China? How does Senator McCarthy feel about the US involvement?
Spirit 413416• Explain the main points of Truman's NSC68. Why does the US adopt this policy after WWII?
Aim: How did the Cold War reshape US foreign policy?
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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April 28, 2020
Germany divided into 4 military zones (British, Soviet, American, French)
Japan occupied by American forces under Supreme Allied Commander Gen. MacArthur
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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April 28, 2020
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine
Policy of Containment
Berlin Airlift
Red Ch
ina
anticommunism
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"Our policy is not directed against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty,desperation and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist."
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
President Truman
1947: US Secretary of State George Marshall announces aid plan for Europe in June, at a Harvard University commencement speech.
Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan• Truman Doctrine US duty to support nations that want to be free Greece & Turkey
specifically> no nation should be forced unto Communism
– economically support these nations w/ $400 million« US won't tell them what to do w/the $ but we are supporting them b/c they
want to be democratic nation » we will help rebuild their gov
> England is destroyed from WWII attacks from Battle of Britain by Germany• Marshall Plan will support with 13.5 billion the rest of European natijons
ARguments Against• will lead to major debt in US • will cause more tension btwn US & USSR by preventing the spread of communism b/c
it's an attack directly on USSR> could lead to a war
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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April 28, 2020
1949 Chinese Revolution
"We lost China"
China Falls to Communism• US unable to stop China from falling to Communism• Mao Zedong is the leader supported by the peasants - majority of the pop• US gave poor weapons to the rebels - Jiang Jieshi & the Nationalist Govt
> USSR is supporting Mao with weapons • US never followed through on the funding • when China got the weapons from US - they sold them to make $ & not fight communist
n
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April 28, 2020
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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April 28, 2020
NSC68• calls for military buildup to protect the US
> more $ being spent on military to build atomic & hydrogen bombs> to protect us from USSR
– it acknowledges that Russia is a threat« $ coming from taxes from the people
• US wants to show that Democracy is stronger than communism
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The NSC68 called for significant peacetime military spending, in which the U.S. possessed "superior overall power" and "in dependable combination with other likeminded nations." It calls for a military capable of:
• Defending the Western Hemisphere and essential allied areas in order that their warmaking capabilities can be developed; • Providing and protecting a mobilization base while the offensive forces required for victory were being built up; • Conducting offensive operations to destroy vital elements of the Soviet warmaking capacity, and to keep the enemy off balance until the full offensive strength of the United States and its allies can be brought to bear; • Defending and maintaining the lines of communication and base areas necessary to the execution of the above tasks; and • Providing such aid to allies as is essential to the execution of their role in the above tasks.
This would cost, by its estimates, a significant portion, perhaps more than the 20% of GDP the United States was already committing to defense. The specific costs were left to subsequent group in the NSC to analyze and budget.
90 US Cold War Policy Presentation Notes 201920.notebook
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Iron Curtain Division between Communist and nonCommunist Europe
Marshall Plan 19481952 $12b. in eco. aid to "rebuild" Europe
COLD WAR
Foreign Policy Containment a. Truman Doctrine b. NATO (Soviet alliance Warsaw Pact) c. Domino Theory d. Arms Race e. Massive Retaliation f. Brinkmanship
Tools of Cold War propaganda, espionage, subversion, limited wars giving or withholding foreign aid, satellite states