9 sedimentary marine.ppt - west virginia...
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Marine Environments of DepositionQuiz 3
1. What sedimentary setting is most likely to create overpressure by compaction?
A. Muddy deltas (deposition is too fast to allow compaction)
2. In what kind of sedimentary environment do evaporate (salt) deposits form?
A. Deserts
3. Walter’s law of sedimentation
A. When depositional environments migrate laterally, sediments of one environment come to lie on top of sediments of an adjacent environment
• :
Outline
• Delta Environment
• Progradation
• Deep water environments
– Continental slopes and turbidites
• Near shore environments
– Barrier Islands
– Reefs, Tidal flats
– Carbonate Platforms
Deltas: Continental/Marine interface
(Sand + silt)
(Silt + Clay)
(Shale)
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Delta Migration Deltas: Continental/Marine interface
(Sand + silt)
(Silt + Clay)
(Shale)
Fluvial (river) Stacking
Delta Stacking Mississippi Delta
Gulf of Mexico Deep Water
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Gulf of Mexico PlatfomsSubmarine canyons and
fans on New Zealand slope and rise
Courtesy of Clark Alexander
Turbidites
TurbiditeSands
• Can form very thick piles of sandstone reservoir
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Deposition events tied to hurricanes
Garrison et al. 2013 19
Gum Hollow DeltaTexas
Turbidite channels and Fan in 3D Seismic slice-North Sea
Fans
Barrier Islands
21
Shallow shelf
Lagoon
Land Ocean
Barrier Islands
LongshoreCurrents Sea level
change and the stacking of rocks
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Stacking Patterns
26
Progradation
Retrogradation
Ancient Beach
Deposit, Utah
Carbonate Reefs
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Atoll Reef Evolution Carbonate Reservoirs
32
Leduc Reef Reservoirs
Geoexpro vol.9, 2013 – Leduc Reef, Alberta, Canada33
Carbonate Shoals - Clastics
35Potential Reservoir
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Tidal Flat DepositsSeals and Source rocks- Sometimes include evaporates (salt)
Take home points• The vertical stacking of sedimentary rocks reflects
the lateral change of the sedimentary system
• Fining upwards is caused by decrease of the energy of the system: this can result from flooding or slowing down of the transport medium
• High energy systems often make good reservoirs
• Low energy systems make good source rocks
• Sedimentary environments have their distinctive distribution of rock types