9-m-s-of-management
TRANSCRIPT
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Ms of Management
Presented by: Marianne M. Custodio
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Management
Terry &Rue
A process or form of work that involves the guidance anddirection of a group of people toward organizational goals orobjectives.
Johnson &Stinson
The process of working with & thru people to accomplishorganizational goals
Stoner
The process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the
efforts of organization members & of using all otherorganizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals.
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9 Basic Resources:
Nine Ms of Management1.Man/Manpower
2.Money
3.Materials4.Machines
5.Methods/Procedures
6.Markets
7.Minutes/Time Management8.Motivation/Morale
9.Measurement
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourcePeople who work in business
enterprises.
The success or failure of any businessdepends on them.
The 8Ms are useless if man does not
know how to use them properly.
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceMen are activating resource of the organization
and categorized into two groups such as:
Employees
Managers
Man is important in an organization and emerges
as:
As an economic unit
As a productive unitAs a worker
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceWithout manpower, companies are unable to get
work done.
Untrained man can cause damage to goods and
services.
Human Resource Management is different from
Personnel Management
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceHRM vs PM
Factors HRM PM
People Involved All; from top
management torank & file
Mostly rank &
file
Hours of Work Full-time, part-time; flexitime
Full-time
Place of Work Formal &
InformalSetting
Formal setting:
office, factory,plant
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceHRM vs PM
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceHRM vs PM
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1. Men/ Manpower
The most important resourceHRM vs PM
Factors HRM PM
Strategies Objective &
Scientific; TotalSystemsApproach
Subjective based on
managements needs & valuesCompartmentalized Approach
Philosophy Humane;People: an
investment & aresource
Traditional, mainly for profit;People: an expense & a factor
of production
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2. Money
The driving force of businessGenerally accepted as payment for goods &
services and repayment of debts
A medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store
of value.From Juno
Moneta, the
Goddess of
ancient Rome
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2. Money
The driving force of businessOur present economic system: Money Economy
Money is important to an individual person,
equally it so to business organizations & the
government.
Every business enterprise of any nature & size
needs capital
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2. Money
The driving force of businessCapitalis wealth used in furtherproduction & stresses physicalfacilities without regard to their
money values.
Capital is money or values usedin business regardless of source.
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2. Money
The driving force of business
Administration & maintenance of financial assets.
Identifying and & trying to work around the various risks towhich a particular project may be exposed.
closely monitoring the cash flow
Inflowmoney coming into a company
Outflowrecord of the expenditure being made by
the company in various resources.
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3. Materials
The inputs to productionBasically, pieces required to make something else.
Can be anything: a finished product in its own right or an
unprocessed raw material.
Things needed in the creation of products.
Materials that are first extracted orharvested from the earth & divided
into a form that can easily betransported & stored, thenprocessed to produce semi-finishedmaterials
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3. Materials
The inputs to production
field of management that deals with materials
Important principles
governing raw materials:
1. Proper Determination of amount ofraw materials needed.
2. Raw materials should be availableto ensure continuous production.
3. Raw materials should be procurablenot only from one source but from ano. of different sources.
4. There must be periodic inventory ofstocks.
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3. Materials
The inputs to production
field of management that deals with materials
Important principlesgoverning raw materials:
5. The transportation of raw materialsfrom the source must be fast aswell as economical.
6. The raw materials must always beof the desired quality.
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4. Machines
The aide to work simplificationAny device that uses energy to perform
some activity.
A device having parts that perform or assist
in performing any type of work.
Derived from machina
Prior to the birth of the Industrial
Revolution, manufacturing was done
largely thru the use of human hands
aided by simple hand tools.
SimpleMachine
Transforms thedirection ormagnitude of aforce withoutconsumingenergy.
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4. Machines
The aide to work simplificationIndustrial Revolution & Machinery
A Watt steam engine,the steam enginethatpropelled the IndustrialRevolution in Britainandthe world.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine -
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4. Machines
The aide to work simplification
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4. Machines
The aide to work simplification
are technology & expertise deployed towards the
transformation process of input (resources) to output (end-
point objectives/products)
required by modern productionmore efficient &
economical
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4. Machines
The aide to work simplification
greatly reduces the need for human
sensoryand mentalrequirements tocreate complex systems for a rapidly
expanding range of applications and
human activities.
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5. Methods/Procedures
The technology/techniques of production
There are 3 types of technology:primitive, intermediate & moderntechnologies E. F. Schumacher, 1973
Can also be systems, procedures &processes seamlessly put togetherfor the transformation of a raw
material to goods & services.
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5. Methods/Procedures
The technology/techniques of productiontheoretical knowledge of industry and the
industrial art
Human innovation in action that involves the generation
of knowledge & processes to develop systems that solveproblems & extend human capabilities.
It is the total accumulation of tools, systems& work methods used collectively to
transform inputs into outputs
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6. Markets
The transaction in motionAny of a variety of different systems, institutions, procedures, social
relations & infrastructures whereby persons trade, goods &
services are exchanged, forming part of the economy.
Transaction is the exchange of goods or services for money.
Markets allow any tradable item to be evaluated & priced.
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6. Markets
The transaction in motion
a. Financial markets
b. Futures markets
c. Currency marketsd. Money markets
e. Prediction markets
f. Stock markets
g. Bond market (credit, debt or fixed income market)
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6. Markets
The transaction in motion
Requirements of a market:
People must need the product
People must have the ability to purchase the
product People must be willing to use their buying power
Individuals must have authority to buy thespecific products.
Categories of a market:
Consumer Market
Organizational or Industrial Market
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6. Markets
The transaction in motion
field of management that deals with markets
An example of money market
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7. Minutes/Time Management
Optimum time, with highest qualityA set of principles, practices, skills, tools and systems that work
together to have more value out of time with the aim of
improving the quality of work.
Skills associated are: planning, prioritizing, goal setting, scheduling
and managing workload.Various means by which people effectively use their time & other closely
related resources in order to make the most out of it.
Efficiency is doing better what is already
being done.Peter F. Drucker
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7. Minutes/Time Management
Optimum time, with highest quality
P Prioritize your time.
O Organizingthings you have to
accomplish regularly.
S Streamlining things you may not like to
do but must do.
E
Economizing things you should/like to
do, but not pressingly urgent.
C Contributingby paying attention to few
remaining things that make a difference.
POSEC MethodInherent in the acronym
is Abraham Maslows
Hierarchy of Needs which
suggests that by attendingto ones personal
responsibilities first, an
individual is better
positioned to shoulder
collective responsibilities.
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7. Minutes/Time Management
Optimum time, with highest qualityThe BESTtime is usually but not always the SHORTESTtime
In individual careers, increased job performance &promotions may result.
All types of organizations- business, civic, school,
political and religious- may receive
productive, competitive & financial benefits.
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7. Minutes/Time Management
Optimum time, with highest quality
A Gantt chart is helpful in layingout the tasks associated with agiven project. It helps ensure thatthe project schedule is maintainedat a reasonable pace.
Henry Laurence Gantt, 1921
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Pioneer Clinical Laboratory Inc.& Medical ClinicAll Rights Reserved 2008 32
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8. Motivation/Morale
The secret weapon of managementChange equals Challenge which is the source of motivation,
workplace efficiency & job security.
Derived from motivate meaning to move, impel or induce to act
to satisfy a need or want.Pefecto Sison, M.A.
Willingness to exert effort to achieve a goal or objective. Getting people to contribute their maximum effort toward the
attainment of organizational objectivesCarlos Lorenzana
Intrinsic inducement that propels an individual
to think, feel and perform in certain ways.
It is internalized & the most important yetelusive determinant of work behavior.
Dr. Concepcion Martires
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8. Motivation/Morale
The secret weapon of management
Efficiency under worker responsibility
Managements priority: GET THE JOB DONE!
Efficiency under command and control leadership
Managements priority: CONTROL!
Decision-making responsibility &learning opportunity work together.
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9. Measurement
The gauge of effectivenessThe score-keeping & in-process monitoring continuously with due
feedback to keep on-course on time.
Encompasses the assessment of performance and results achieved
by individual employees, groups of employees and entire organizations.
Determining the level of performance by judging the quality, quantity,timeliness and /or cost-effectivenessof the work against a set of standards.
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9. Measurement
The gauge of effectivenessTwo basic parts of ICS:
1. Operational Procedures
2. Controls
CHALLENGE TO
MANAGEMENT:
Decide how much resource todeploy to create just sufficientcontrols to limit the possibility
of bad events occurring & tolimit the damage when they dooccur.
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Types of Controls:
1. Preventive Control
2. Detective Control
3. Reactive Control
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9. Measurement
The gauge of effectiveness
A large volume of laws & regulations now exist, specifyingstandards of conduct & controls that must be complied with
by organizations.
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Theoretical pproaches
to Management
Presented by:
Amor M. Loisaga
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There are no universally applied techniques &
principles to make management successful.
There are general approaches that enable managers
to effectively achieve their objectives.
Evolution of managerial thought is traditionally represented
by a number of schools& approachesthat contributed the
development of managerial theory & practice.
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Evolution of Managerial Thought
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The CLASSICAL SCHOOLassociated with the scientific
trends which emerged during the 19th& early 20th
centuries. This school includes:
First-line management analysis
(Scientific Management School), and
Comprehensive analysis of management (AdministrativeSchool)
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Frederick W. Taylor
Frank B. Gilbreth
Lilian E. Gilbreth
Harrington C. Emerson
Henry Laurence Gantt
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Father of Scientific Management
Made systematic study ofrelationships between people & tasks.
Optimized task = Reduced time a
worker spents on each task.
The Principles to Increase Efficiency
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Each element of a workers job is to be treated
scientifically.
Job specialization should be introduced to each job.Workers should be properly selected, trained &
developed.
The pillars of work are planning & scheduling.
Determined time & method standards should be
considered for each task.
Wage incentives have to be provided for all jobs.
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1.1 Scientific Management School
1. Managers often implemented only the increased
output side of Taylors plan:
They didnt allow workers to share inincreased output.
Specialized jobs became very boring & dull.
Workers ended up distrusting scientific
management.
2. Workers could purposely under-perform;
3. Management responded with increased use ofmachine.
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Developed Time & Motion Studies
Used motion picture cameras to findthe most efficient & economical
motions for each task.
Time & Motion Studies:1. Break down each action into components.
2. Find better ways to perform each action.3. Recognize each action to be more efficient.
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1.1 Scientific Management School
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Developed the GANTT Chart
The Gantt chart shows the start &finish dates of the terminal
elements & summary elements of
a project.
Gantt charts also serve as visuals to
estimate the degree of projectcompletion.
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1.1 Scientific Management School
Setting organizational objectives
Proceeded with Taylors efficiencyprinciples.
Idea of strict distinction between
line & staff roles in management.
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1.1 Scientific Management SchoolKEY POINTS:
The School focused on production control, where
observation, logic & analysis are the tools to improve
manual operations.
Scientific Management School Methodology
concentrated on the analysis of work content,
job specialization & systematic use of incentives to
increase the production volume & perfect employees
performance.
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1.2 Administrative School
Henry Fayol
Max Weber
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1.2 Administrative School
Fourteen Principles of ManagementDivision of Labor
Authority & Responsibility
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of Direction
General Interests Over Individual Interests
Remuneration
Centralization/ DecentralizationScalar Chain (Line of Authority)
Order
Equity
Stability of Tenure
Initiative
Esprit de Corps
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1.2 Administrative School
Introduced rational authority
Rational authority : When an
organization w/ a formal structure
is managed on a rational basis, it
would be more efficient &
adaptable to changes.
Rational authority = Bureaucracy
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1.2 Administrative SchoolBureaucratic Organizations key points:1. Clear division & specialization of labor.
2. Hierarchy of authority & responsibility.
People know what is expected of them &
who reports to who.
3. Fair evaluation & reward of the staff.
4. Written rules, standard operating
procedures & norms are provided to
regulate all the processes within the
company.5. Management & the ownership of the
organization are separated.
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1.2 Administrative SchoolKEY POINTS:
Administrative School aimed to find the tools to
improve the total organizational performance.
The idea of Universal Principles of Management(Fayols14 Principles of Management) & Webers
Bureaucracyhad a strong impact on the contemporary
organizational theory development.
Both Scientific & Administrative Management Schoolsappeared when the study of Psychology was at its early
stages. The schools discussions were restricted by fair
payment, economical incentives & formal functional
relations.
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1.3 Behavioral School
George Elton Mayo
Abraham Maslow
Frederick Herzberg
Douglas McGregor
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1.3 Behavioral SchoolThe incompetence of the Classical School in questions of
human relations & behavior gave birth to the Behavioral Scho ol.
Two Branches:
a. George Elton Mayo
b. Abraham Maslow
a. Frederick Herzberg
b. Douglas McGregor
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1.3 Behavioral School
Famous for his Hawthorne Experiments
which showed that scheduling, planning &
fair payments were not enough to provide
stable increase of organizational
productiveness.
Concluded that individuals are motivated by
social needs & good on the jobrelationships & respond better to work-
group pressure than to management
control activities.
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1.3 Behavioral School
Famous for his Hierarchy of Needs
Expanded Mayos ideas of social needs;
observed that his patients were motivated
by a sequence of needs.
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1.3 Behavioral School
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KEY POINTS:
The theorists believed that managers should take
care of their employees. Providing high level
of care, managers get high level of staffsatisfaction.
Mayo & Maslow recommended the human
relations management which includes more
effective actions of managers, consulting
the staff & enabling the workers to havebroad on-the-job relationships.
1.3 Behavioral School
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1.3 Behavioral School
Worked on different aspects of socialcooperation, motivation,
organizational communication,
changes in job specification &
quality of industrious life.
Their approach intended to help an
employee realize personal
potential.
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KEY POINT:
The general target of the school was to prove that
increase in staff performance provides an increase in
organizational effectiveness.
1.3 Behavioral School
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1.4 Management Science SchoolDeveloped after World War II from the operational research
teams in Great Britain & US.
Advocated that mathematics, statistics, cybernetics &
operations research models should be used to decide
operation problems.
Model - an idea of real situation; in order to solve operation
problems:
1. Define the problem;
2. Develop a model of the situation
3. Specify the quantitative characteristics to the modelsubstitution of verbal discussions for models, symbols &
quantitative values.
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1.4 Management Science School
The optimal decision making algorithm based on
statistical decisions theory, game theory etc.Quantitative abstract and applied models of
economic phenomena
Management Science
School providesmanagers with ascientific basis forsolving problems &making decisions.
The most recent subfield of Management Science
is Management Information System (MIS)which
provides managers with information in a timely &
cost-efficient manner
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Pioneered by the Administrative School Theorists in their attempts
to describe managerial functions.Sees managerial functions as a set of interrelated actions.
Management as a process.
Objectives are met by a series of continuous & interrelated actions.
These actions are called managerial functions.
Management is a unity of 5 managerial functions. To manage
means:
1. To forecast & plan.
2. To Organize.
3. To Command
4. To Coordinate
5. To Control -Henry Fayol
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Introduced to management after 1950s by the Management Science
School.Organization is a system and considered relations inside & outside
the organization.
SystemA number of interdependent parts functioning as
a whole for some purpose.
Subsystem A system within a system.
An Organization is anOPEN SYSTEM
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Transformationprocess
input output
Feedback (Reenergizing the system)
ENVIRONMENT
System Boundary
Organization as a System: receives Input, transformsit through a Process for Output and Operates in anEnvironment (economic, regulatory and other forces)
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Inputs(Goal
Oriented)
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Outputs(External
ToOrgnzn.)
Leading
Controlling
Product/Services,
Profits, Customer &Societal satisfaction,
Other Long-term Goals
9 Ms of
management
Stake holder Feedback (reenergizing the system)
Stakeholders
Shareholders;
Society; Customers;
Employees; Suppliers
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT(Opportunities, Constraints)
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This approach points out the need for managers to examine
the relationship between the internal & external environment of anorganization.
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Good management is the art of
m king problems so interesting nd
their solutions so constructive th t
everyone w nts to get to work nd
deal with them --Anonymous--