9-m-s-of-management

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    Ms of Management

    Presented by: Marianne M. Custodio

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    Management

    Terry &Rue

    A process or form of work that involves the guidance anddirection of a group of people toward organizational goals orobjectives.

    Johnson &Stinson

    The process of working with & thru people to accomplishorganizational goals

    Stoner

    The process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the

    efforts of organization members & of using all otherorganizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals.

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    9 Basic Resources:

    Nine Ms of Management1.Man/Manpower

    2.Money

    3.Materials4.Machines

    5.Methods/Procedures

    6.Markets

    7.Minutes/Time Management8.Motivation/Morale

    9.Measurement

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourcePeople who work in business

    enterprises.

    The success or failure of any businessdepends on them.

    The 8Ms are useless if man does not

    know how to use them properly.

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceMen are activating resource of the organization

    and categorized into two groups such as:

    Employees

    Managers

    Man is important in an organization and emerges

    as:

    As an economic unit

    As a productive unitAs a worker

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceWithout manpower, companies are unable to get

    work done.

    Untrained man can cause damage to goods and

    services.

    Human Resource Management is different from

    Personnel Management

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceHRM vs PM

    Factors HRM PM

    People Involved All; from top

    management torank & file

    Mostly rank &

    file

    Hours of Work Full-time, part-time; flexitime

    Full-time

    Place of Work Formal &

    InformalSetting

    Formal setting:

    office, factory,plant

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceHRM vs PM

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceHRM vs PM

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    1. Men/ Manpower

    The most important resourceHRM vs PM

    Factors HRM PM

    Strategies Objective &

    Scientific; TotalSystemsApproach

    Subjective based on

    managements needs & valuesCompartmentalized Approach

    Philosophy Humane;People: an

    investment & aresource

    Traditional, mainly for profit;People: an expense & a factor

    of production

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    2. Money

    The driving force of businessGenerally accepted as payment for goods &

    services and repayment of debts

    A medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store

    of value.From Juno

    Moneta, the

    Goddess of

    ancient Rome

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    2. Money

    The driving force of businessOur present economic system: Money Economy

    Money is important to an individual person,

    equally it so to business organizations & the

    government.

    Every business enterprise of any nature & size

    needs capital

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    2. Money

    The driving force of businessCapitalis wealth used in furtherproduction & stresses physicalfacilities without regard to their

    money values.

    Capital is money or values usedin business regardless of source.

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    2. Money

    The driving force of business

    Administration & maintenance of financial assets.

    Identifying and & trying to work around the various risks towhich a particular project may be exposed.

    closely monitoring the cash flow

    Inflowmoney coming into a company

    Outflowrecord of the expenditure being made by

    the company in various resources.

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    3. Materials

    The inputs to productionBasically, pieces required to make something else.

    Can be anything: a finished product in its own right or an

    unprocessed raw material.

    Things needed in the creation of products.

    Materials that are first extracted orharvested from the earth & divided

    into a form that can easily betransported & stored, thenprocessed to produce semi-finishedmaterials

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    3. Materials

    The inputs to production

    field of management that deals with materials

    Important principles

    governing raw materials:

    1. Proper Determination of amount ofraw materials needed.

    2. Raw materials should be availableto ensure continuous production.

    3. Raw materials should be procurablenot only from one source but from ano. of different sources.

    4. There must be periodic inventory ofstocks.

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    3. Materials

    The inputs to production

    field of management that deals with materials

    Important principlesgoverning raw materials:

    5. The transportation of raw materialsfrom the source must be fast aswell as economical.

    6. The raw materials must always beof the desired quality.

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    4. Machines

    The aide to work simplificationAny device that uses energy to perform

    some activity.

    A device having parts that perform or assist

    in performing any type of work.

    Derived from machina

    Prior to the birth of the Industrial

    Revolution, manufacturing was done

    largely thru the use of human hands

    aided by simple hand tools.

    SimpleMachine

    Transforms thedirection ormagnitude of aforce withoutconsumingenergy.

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    4. Machines

    The aide to work simplificationIndustrial Revolution & Machinery

    A Watt steam engine,the steam enginethatpropelled the IndustrialRevolution in Britainandthe world.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine
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    4. Machines

    The aide to work simplification

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    4. Machines

    The aide to work simplification

    are technology & expertise deployed towards the

    transformation process of input (resources) to output (end-

    point objectives/products)

    required by modern productionmore efficient &

    economical

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    4. Machines

    The aide to work simplification

    greatly reduces the need for human

    sensoryand mentalrequirements tocreate complex systems for a rapidly

    expanding range of applications and

    human activities.

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    5. Methods/Procedures

    The technology/techniques of production

    There are 3 types of technology:primitive, intermediate & moderntechnologies E. F. Schumacher, 1973

    Can also be systems, procedures &processes seamlessly put togetherfor the transformation of a raw

    material to goods & services.

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    5. Methods/Procedures

    The technology/techniques of productiontheoretical knowledge of industry and the

    industrial art

    Human innovation in action that involves the generation

    of knowledge & processes to develop systems that solveproblems & extend human capabilities.

    It is the total accumulation of tools, systems& work methods used collectively to

    transform inputs into outputs

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    6. Markets

    The transaction in motionAny of a variety of different systems, institutions, procedures, social

    relations & infrastructures whereby persons trade, goods &

    services are exchanged, forming part of the economy.

    Transaction is the exchange of goods or services for money.

    Markets allow any tradable item to be evaluated & priced.

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    6. Markets

    The transaction in motion

    a. Financial markets

    b. Futures markets

    c. Currency marketsd. Money markets

    e. Prediction markets

    f. Stock markets

    g. Bond market (credit, debt or fixed income market)

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    6. Markets

    The transaction in motion

    Requirements of a market:

    People must need the product

    People must have the ability to purchase the

    product People must be willing to use their buying power

    Individuals must have authority to buy thespecific products.

    Categories of a market:

    Consumer Market

    Organizational or Industrial Market

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    6. Markets

    The transaction in motion

    field of management that deals with markets

    An example of money market

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    7. Minutes/Time Management

    Optimum time, with highest qualityA set of principles, practices, skills, tools and systems that work

    together to have more value out of time with the aim of

    improving the quality of work.

    Skills associated are: planning, prioritizing, goal setting, scheduling

    and managing workload.Various means by which people effectively use their time & other closely

    related resources in order to make the most out of it.

    Efficiency is doing better what is already

    being done.Peter F. Drucker

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    7. Minutes/Time Management

    Optimum time, with highest quality

    P Prioritize your time.

    O Organizingthings you have to

    accomplish regularly.

    S Streamlining things you may not like to

    do but must do.

    E

    Economizing things you should/like to

    do, but not pressingly urgent.

    C Contributingby paying attention to few

    remaining things that make a difference.

    POSEC MethodInherent in the acronym

    is Abraham Maslows

    Hierarchy of Needs which

    suggests that by attendingto ones personal

    responsibilities first, an

    individual is better

    positioned to shoulder

    collective responsibilities.

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    7. Minutes/Time Management

    Optimum time, with highest qualityThe BESTtime is usually but not always the SHORTESTtime

    In individual careers, increased job performance &promotions may result.

    All types of organizations- business, civic, school,

    political and religious- may receive

    productive, competitive & financial benefits.

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    7. Minutes/Time Management

    Optimum time, with highest quality

    A Gantt chart is helpful in layingout the tasks associated with agiven project. It helps ensure thatthe project schedule is maintainedat a reasonable pace.

    Henry Laurence Gantt, 1921

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    Pioneer Clinical Laboratory Inc.& Medical ClinicAll Rights Reserved 2008 32

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    8. Motivation/Morale

    The secret weapon of managementChange equals Challenge which is the source of motivation,

    workplace efficiency & job security.

    Derived from motivate meaning to move, impel or induce to act

    to satisfy a need or want.Pefecto Sison, M.A.

    Willingness to exert effort to achieve a goal or objective. Getting people to contribute their maximum effort toward the

    attainment of organizational objectivesCarlos Lorenzana

    Intrinsic inducement that propels an individual

    to think, feel and perform in certain ways.

    It is internalized & the most important yetelusive determinant of work behavior.

    Dr. Concepcion Martires

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    8. Motivation/Morale

    The secret weapon of management

    Efficiency under worker responsibility

    Managements priority: GET THE JOB DONE!

    Efficiency under command and control leadership

    Managements priority: CONTROL!

    Decision-making responsibility &learning opportunity work together.

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    9. Measurement

    The gauge of effectivenessThe score-keeping & in-process monitoring continuously with due

    feedback to keep on-course on time.

    Encompasses the assessment of performance and results achieved

    by individual employees, groups of employees and entire organizations.

    Determining the level of performance by judging the quality, quantity,timeliness and /or cost-effectivenessof the work against a set of standards.

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    9. Measurement

    The gauge of effectivenessTwo basic parts of ICS:

    1. Operational Procedures

    2. Controls

    CHALLENGE TO

    MANAGEMENT:

    Decide how much resource todeploy to create just sufficientcontrols to limit the possibility

    of bad events occurring & tolimit the damage when they dooccur.

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    Types of Controls:

    1. Preventive Control

    2. Detective Control

    3. Reactive Control

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    9. Measurement

    The gauge of effectiveness

    A large volume of laws & regulations now exist, specifyingstandards of conduct & controls that must be complied with

    by organizations.

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    Theoretical pproaches

    to Management

    Presented by:

    Amor M. Loisaga

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    There are no universally applied techniques &

    principles to make management successful.

    There are general approaches that enable managers

    to effectively achieve their objectives.

    Evolution of managerial thought is traditionally represented

    by a number of schools& approachesthat contributed the

    development of managerial theory & practice.

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    Evolution of Managerial Thought

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    The CLASSICAL SCHOOLassociated with the scientific

    trends which emerged during the 19th& early 20th

    centuries. This school includes:

    First-line management analysis

    (Scientific Management School), and

    Comprehensive analysis of management (AdministrativeSchool)

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Frederick W. Taylor

    Frank B. Gilbreth

    Lilian E. Gilbreth

    Harrington C. Emerson

    Henry Laurence Gantt

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Father of Scientific Management

    Made systematic study ofrelationships between people & tasks.

    Optimized task = Reduced time a

    worker spents on each task.

    The Principles to Increase Efficiency

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Each element of a workers job is to be treated

    scientifically.

    Job specialization should be introduced to each job.Workers should be properly selected, trained &

    developed.

    The pillars of work are planning & scheduling.

    Determined time & method standards should be

    considered for each task.

    Wage incentives have to be provided for all jobs.

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    1. Managers often implemented only the increased

    output side of Taylors plan:

    They didnt allow workers to share inincreased output.

    Specialized jobs became very boring & dull.

    Workers ended up distrusting scientific

    management.

    2. Workers could purposely under-perform;

    3. Management responded with increased use ofmachine.

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Developed Time & Motion Studies

    Used motion picture cameras to findthe most efficient & economical

    motions for each task.

    Time & Motion Studies:1. Break down each action into components.

    2. Find better ways to perform each action.3. Recognize each action to be more efficient.

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Developed the GANTT Chart

    The Gantt chart shows the start &finish dates of the terminal

    elements & summary elements of

    a project.

    Gantt charts also serve as visuals to

    estimate the degree of projectcompletion.

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    1.1 Scientific Management School

    Setting organizational objectives

    Proceeded with Taylors efficiencyprinciples.

    Idea of strict distinction between

    line & staff roles in management.

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    1.1 Scientific Management SchoolKEY POINTS:

    The School focused on production control, where

    observation, logic & analysis are the tools to improve

    manual operations.

    Scientific Management School Methodology

    concentrated on the analysis of work content,

    job specialization & systematic use of incentives to

    increase the production volume & perfect employees

    performance.

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    1.2 Administrative School

    Henry Fayol

    Max Weber

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    1.2 Administrative School

    Fourteen Principles of ManagementDivision of Labor

    Authority & Responsibility

    Discipline

    Unity of Command

    Unity of Direction

    General Interests Over Individual Interests

    Remuneration

    Centralization/ DecentralizationScalar Chain (Line of Authority)

    Order

    Equity

    Stability of Tenure

    Initiative

    Esprit de Corps

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    1.2 Administrative School

    Introduced rational authority

    Rational authority : When an

    organization w/ a formal structure

    is managed on a rational basis, it

    would be more efficient &

    adaptable to changes.

    Rational authority = Bureaucracy

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    1.2 Administrative SchoolBureaucratic Organizations key points:1. Clear division & specialization of labor.

    2. Hierarchy of authority & responsibility.

    People know what is expected of them &

    who reports to who.

    3. Fair evaluation & reward of the staff.

    4. Written rules, standard operating

    procedures & norms are provided to

    regulate all the processes within the

    company.5. Management & the ownership of the

    organization are separated.

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    1.2 Administrative SchoolKEY POINTS:

    Administrative School aimed to find the tools to

    improve the total organizational performance.

    The idea of Universal Principles of Management(Fayols14 Principles of Management) & Webers

    Bureaucracyhad a strong impact on the contemporary

    organizational theory development.

    Both Scientific & Administrative Management Schoolsappeared when the study of Psychology was at its early

    stages. The schools discussions were restricted by fair

    payment, economical incentives & formal functional

    relations.

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    1.3 Behavioral School

    George Elton Mayo

    Abraham Maslow

    Frederick Herzberg

    Douglas McGregor

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    1.3 Behavioral SchoolThe incompetence of the Classical School in questions of

    human relations & behavior gave birth to the Behavioral Scho ol.

    Two Branches:

    a. George Elton Mayo

    b. Abraham Maslow

    a. Frederick Herzberg

    b. Douglas McGregor

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    1.3 Behavioral School

    Famous for his Hawthorne Experiments

    which showed that scheduling, planning &

    fair payments were not enough to provide

    stable increase of organizational

    productiveness.

    Concluded that individuals are motivated by

    social needs & good on the jobrelationships & respond better to work-

    group pressure than to management

    control activities.

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    1.3 Behavioral School

    Famous for his Hierarchy of Needs

    Expanded Mayos ideas of social needs;

    observed that his patients were motivated

    by a sequence of needs.

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    1.3 Behavioral School

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    KEY POINTS:

    The theorists believed that managers should take

    care of their employees. Providing high level

    of care, managers get high level of staffsatisfaction.

    Mayo & Maslow recommended the human

    relations management which includes more

    effective actions of managers, consulting

    the staff & enabling the workers to havebroad on-the-job relationships.

    1.3 Behavioral School

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    1.3 Behavioral School

    Worked on different aspects of socialcooperation, motivation,

    organizational communication,

    changes in job specification &

    quality of industrious life.

    Their approach intended to help an

    employee realize personal

    potential.

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    KEY POINT:

    The general target of the school was to prove that

    increase in staff performance provides an increase in

    organizational effectiveness.

    1.3 Behavioral School

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    1.4 Management Science SchoolDeveloped after World War II from the operational research

    teams in Great Britain & US.

    Advocated that mathematics, statistics, cybernetics &

    operations research models should be used to decide

    operation problems.

    Model - an idea of real situation; in order to solve operation

    problems:

    1. Define the problem;

    2. Develop a model of the situation

    3. Specify the quantitative characteristics to the modelsubstitution of verbal discussions for models, symbols &

    quantitative values.

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    1.4 Management Science School

    The optimal decision making algorithm based on

    statistical decisions theory, game theory etc.Quantitative abstract and applied models of

    economic phenomena

    Management Science

    School providesmanagers with ascientific basis forsolving problems &making decisions.

    The most recent subfield of Management Science

    is Management Information System (MIS)which

    provides managers with information in a timely &

    cost-efficient manner

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    Pioneered by the Administrative School Theorists in their attempts

    to describe managerial functions.Sees managerial functions as a set of interrelated actions.

    Management as a process.

    Objectives are met by a series of continuous & interrelated actions.

    These actions are called managerial functions.

    Management is a unity of 5 managerial functions. To manage

    means:

    1. To forecast & plan.

    2. To Organize.

    3. To Command

    4. To Coordinate

    5. To Control -Henry Fayol

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    Introduced to management after 1950s by the Management Science

    School.Organization is a system and considered relations inside & outside

    the organization.

    SystemA number of interdependent parts functioning as

    a whole for some purpose.

    Subsystem A system within a system.

    An Organization is anOPEN SYSTEM

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    Transformationprocess

    input output

    Feedback (Reenergizing the system)

    ENVIRONMENT

    System Boundary

    Organization as a System: receives Input, transformsit through a Process for Output and Operates in anEnvironment (economic, regulatory and other forces)

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    Inputs(Goal

    Oriented)

    Planning

    Organizing

    Staffing

    Outputs(External

    ToOrgnzn.)

    Leading

    Controlling

    Product/Services,

    Profits, Customer &Societal satisfaction,

    Other Long-term Goals

    9 Ms of

    management

    Stake holder Feedback (reenergizing the system)

    Stakeholders

    Shareholders;

    Society; Customers;

    Employees; Suppliers

    EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT(Opportunities, Constraints)

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    This approach points out the need for managers to examine

    the relationship between the internal & external environment of anorganization.

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    Good management is the art of

    m king problems so interesting nd

    their solutions so constructive th t

    everyone w nts to get to work nd

    deal with them --Anonymous--