Erosion ControlErosion Control•Physical MethodsPhysical Methods•Vegetative MethodsVegetative Methods•Biotechnical MethodsBiotechnical Methods•Control of GulliesControl of Gullies

Goals:Goals:•Control of WaterControl of Water•Restore the sponge effect of Restore the sponge effect of native soilnative soil

Ground CoverGround Cover

• Happens on a tiny scale

• Repeats over and over

• Can become a huge problem

Where it all startsWhere it all starts

R. Douglas

• Raindrop• Sheet• Rill• Gully• Channel

Types of erosionTypes of erosion

USFS

Stream DiversionCulvert Scour

Stabilizing Stabilizing Roads and Roads and

Construction Construction Sites in PalauSites in PalauBob Gavenda Bob Gavenda USDA-NRCSUSDA-NRCS

inadequate inadequate water water

managementmanagement

erosion erosion from from

unprotecteunprotected d

constructiconstruction siteson sites

Ngerikiil WatershedNgerikiil Watershederosion from different land useserosion from different land uses

land useland use relative relative erosionerosion

roadsroads 244244developeddeveloped 6 – 396 – 39agricultureagriculture 2.5 – 1642.5 – 164grasslandgrassland 0.5 - 490.5 - 49

forestforest 11

General Erosion Control and Revegetation PlanA Description of Project

1.Project Objectives2.Project Location3.Work Plan4.Description of Local Environment

B Planning1. Site Analysis

a.Climate and Microclimateb.Vegetation Spectrumc.Soils, Erosion Potential, and Fertility

2. Project Scheduling to Minimize Area of Disturbance (Stage Construction?)3. Physical, Vegetative, or Biotechnical Measures?? A Mix?4. Water and Sediment Control, Ground Cover Measures5. Developing the Revegetation Plan

a.Plant Species Selection c. Aestheticsb.Site Preparation d. Sources

6.Types of Plant Materialsa.Seeds c. Tublingsb.Cuttings d. Other Container Plants

7. Importance of Ecotypes and Use of Native Species

General Erosion Control and Revegetation PlanC Implementation

1. Purchasing and Placing Fencing, Ground Cover, Mats, Etc.2. Planting Methods--Cuttings and Transplants

– Tools and Materials– Planting Holes and Methods

3. Planting Methods--Seeding and Mulching– Hydroseeding - Fertilizer – Range Drills - Holding Mulch in Place– Type and Quantity of Seed -Tackifiers– Type and Quantity of Mulch -Netting

4. Other Planting Methods--Biotechnical– Live Stakes - Brush Layering– Wattling - Brush Matting

5. Timing– Fall versus Spring Planting– Summer Plantings

Advance Planning 6. Hardening-off and Holding Plants (Acclimatized)

7. Handling Live Brush and CuttingsD Maintenance and After Care

1. Short and Long-term CareIrrigation Weed ControlFertilization Replanting

2.Plant ProtectionWire Caging, Fencing the Entire Site

PHYSICAL METHODS

VEGETATIVE METHODS

mulchedmulched, ,

fertilizefertilized & d &

seededseeded

BIOTECHNICAL METHODS

AMANCO-Colombia

• Minimize Site Disturbance• Schedule Work to Reduce Erosion Risk• Use Locally Available Materials• Cover Disturbed Areas• Control Water Flow• Install EC Measures Prior to Rain• Save Organic Topsoil• Separate Clean and Dirty Water• Rehabilitate Disturbed Areas Progressively

SUMMARYSUMMARYKey Erosion Control Measures

GULLY STABILIZATION