9 jupiter ndjeunga objective1 groundnut
TRANSCRIPT
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Groundnut Targe&ng crop breeding and seed
delivery efforts to enhance impacts on rural livelihoods in drought prone areas
Team J Ndjeunga, C Ban4lan, B Shiferaw, PP Rao, KPC Rao, NARES of India, Mali,
Nigeria, Niger and ESA
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Outline
• Baseline results • Situa4on and outlook • Challenges • Lessons learned
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Baseline results
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Region/Project countries
Region Project country
WCA Mali
Niger
Nigeria
ESA Malawi
Tanzania
Mozambique
Asia India
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M&E Indicators
• Varie&es currently planted
• % uptake levels of varie&es planted
• Current yields • Marketable surplus
• Reasons for not plan&ng varie&es
• Preferences along the value chain
• Gender access to produc&ve resources
• Seed sources • Seed transac&ons • Level of input use
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Rulling varie4es
– TMV‐2; Co2; VRI2; Malai POL2 and TMV7 in India,
– Chalimbana; CG7 in Malawi (ESA)
– 55‐437 in Niger and Nigeria (WCA)
– 47‐10 and 28‐206 in Mali (WCA)
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Uptake levels in 2007/08
In ESA Chalimbana (84%), CG7 (53%), Manipintar (11%)
In India TMV‐2 (64‐100%)
In WCA 55‐437 (74% in Niger and 72% in Nigeria) 47‐10 (41%) in Mali RRB (12%) in Niger SAMNUT 21, 22 and 23 about 23% in Nigeria JL24, Fleur 11, ICGV 86124, ICGV 86015 43% in Mali
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Yield gaps
• In West Africa – Niger (current: 537 kg/ha) – Nigeria (Current: 850 kg/ha) – Mali (Current: 676 kg/ha)
• In Malawi – Current 610 kg/ha
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Marketable surplus
• In WCA – Niger (76% of total hh produc&on sold) – Mali (74% ) – Nigeria (64%)
• In Malawi – 35 % of total produc&on sold
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Major reasons for not plan4ng some varie4es
• Seed availability (42% in Niger, 39% in Niger and 34% in Mali)
• Losses due to drought (24%) & low oil content (18%) in Niger
• Late maturity (13%), low mkt value (13%) and low yield (8%) in Nigeria
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Preferences – value chain (1)
Farmers Higher yield
Drought
Pest and disease resistance
More oil content
Best taste
Good keeping quality
Good fodder quality
Higher price
Large seed
Commissioned agents /traders Bigger grain size
High oil content
Free of pest and disease
High shelling percentage
Uniformity of seed and shape
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Preferences – value chain (2)
Processors Larger seed size
Low physical impurities
High shelling percentage
Retailers Larger seed size
Cleanliness
Taste
Consumers Large seed size
Good taste
Clean oil color
HOW?
Matching research priorities with preferences of actors along the value chain
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Gender
• In the Dosso, region in Niger – Poorest land – Smaller plots (0.96 ha women vs. 2.30 ha for men) – More efficient (734 kg/ha against 410 kg/ha men) – No difference on access to other inputs – Low access to agricultural equipment
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Seed sources in Niger
Source Country
Niger Malawi
Own harvest 69.35 58
Village markets & seed traders 12.65 16
Extension services 1.15 ‐
Family to farmers 7.28 8
ICRISAT 1.53 ‐
Coopera4ves 10.35 ‐
Trials 0.38 ‐
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Seed transac4ons in Niger
Type of transac4ons Niger
Free 54.96
Credit reimbursed in nature 7.27
Credit for cash 1.82
Cash 18.91
Barter 1.09
Seed exchange 16.00
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Use of other inputs / assets (%hh)
Input/assets Malawi Niger
Own radio (%) 50 75
Own cell phones (%) 5 20
Use of fer&lizers (kg/ha) 6/14 3
Chemical use (%) 0 0
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Constraints limi4ng groundnut produc4on
• Limited access to credit
• Agricultural equipment
• Limited access to informa&on on varie&es
• Limited access / availability to seed
• Commercializa&on
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Situa4on and outlook
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Situa4on and outlook (1)
• In Asia – Report available on produc&on, trade, consump&on and u&liza&on..
– Several scenarios based on yield and income growth using IMPACT WATER model
– Groundnut trend have weakened but yield improvement con&nues to be the major driver of growth in most Asian countries
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Situa4on and outlook (2)
• In ESA – Completed for groundnut in Malawi – Sub‐sector analyses published on TLII website – Constraints sub‐sector efficiency
• Current seed systems • Enforcement of quality standards
– Need to • Increase produc4vity • Strengthening seed delivery systems • Development of value chains
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Situa4on and outlook (2)
• In WCA – Groundnut export decreased 55% to 20% – Imports of soybean and palm oil have more than doubled
– Since 1984, groundnut produc4on is increasing 6% annually,
– Constraints sub‐sector efficiency • Lower produc4vity • Aflatoxin regula4ons, stricter grades and standards
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Challenges • Strengthening the NARS and other partners • Design a public/private sector partnership ‐ Geing the private sector involved in the seed industry?
• Beker integra4on of input ands product markets • Overcome aflatoxin problems ‐ major bokleneck to trade
• Design sustainable produc4on and delivery schemes • Focus in smaller areas and show impact • Market development for input and product markets
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Lessons learned (1/2)
• NARES need to be strengthened in – survey design, – data collec4on and analysis, – write‐up; and, – monitoring and evalua4on
• Agribusiness incuba4on • Value chain approach
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Lessons learned (2/2)
• There is a need for beker targe4ng in scale and scope.
• Need to look at the groundnut issues along the value chain.
• How to re‐create those condi4ons with the private sector?
• Aflatoxin is a significant issue that needs to tackled in the future
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I Thank You!