8/2/2015dr. hariom yadav. 8/2/2015dr. hariom yadav animal cloning hariom yadav 1, shalini jain 1 and...
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04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Animal Cloning
Hariom YadavHariom Yadav11, Shalini Jain, Shalini Jain11 and Mukesh and Mukesh YadavYadav22
11Animal Biochemistry Division, Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute,National Dairy Research Institute,Karnal-132001, Haryana, INDIAKarnal-132001, Haryana, INDIA
22SOS in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, SOS in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474011, M.P., INDIAGwalior-474011, M.P., INDIA
Corresponding author: Email: Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
CloningCloning
Clone is a group of genetically identical cells
Clone is also an organism which is genetically an exact replica of another organism.
Cloning is to duplicate a cell or an organism, usually asexually, which is genetically an exact replica of the other cell or organism.
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
History of cloning 1962 - John Gurdon claims to have cloned frogs from adult cells.
1963 - J.B.S. Haldane coins the term 'clone.'
1966 - Establishment of the complete genetic code.
1967 - Enzyme DNA ligase isolated.
1969 - Shapiero and Beckwith isolate the first gene.
1970 - First restriction enzyme isolated.
1972 - Paul Berg creates the first recombinant DNA molecules.
1973 - Cohen and Boyer create first recombinant DNA organisms.
1977 - Karl Illmensee claims to have created mice with only one parent.
1979 - Karl Illmensee makes claim to have cloned three mice.
1983 - Kary B. Mullis develops the polymerase chain reaction technique
for rapid DNA synthesis.
1983 - Solter and McGrath fuse a mouse embryo cell with an egg without a
nucleus, but fail to clone using their technique.
1984 - Steen Willadsen clones sheep from embryo cells
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
1985 - Steen Willadsen clones sheep from embryo cells. Steen Willadsen joins
Grenad Genetics to commercially clone cattle.
1986 - Steen Willadsen clones cattle from differentiated cells.
1986 - First, Prather, and Eyestone clone a cow from embryo cells.
1990 - Human Genome Project begins
1996 - Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells, born.
1997 - President Bill Clinton proposes a five year moratorium on cloning.
1997 - Richard Seed announces his plans to clone a human.
1997 - Wilmut and Campbell create Polly, a cloned sheep with an inserted
human gene.
1998 - Teruhiko Wakayama creates three generations of genetically identical
cloned mice.
Contd……
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Why we want to do cloning
Researchers hope that these techniques can be used in researching and treating human diseases and genetically altering animals for the production of human transplant organs.
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Step 1: Take any cell from your body, from the skin, for example.
Step 2: Take an egg cell (ovum), from the ovary of any woman.
Step 3: Take the nucleus out of the egg cell.
Step 4: Put together the cell of your skin and the egg without nucleus. It will start to multiply forming a microspic ball of many identical cells.
Step 5: In about 6 days place it in the uterus of the woman.
Step 6: In 9 months a baby will be born just like you, an identical twin of you… without any genetic characteristics of the woman who gave the ovule and provided the uterus, and gave birth to your twin.
Steps in Cloning
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
What is Basic principle of cloning
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Purpose full cloning
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Pros and Cons of Cloning
PROS:•Produce animals with desirable traits. •Increase the efficiency of the livestock production. •Offset losses of among endangered species populations. •Enable better research for finding cures to many diseases. •Provide children for parents who would like a child but can't have one for various reasons. •Provide parents with an opportunity to clone a child who has died.
•CONS:•Decline in genetic diversity. •Taking nature into our own hands. •Religious and moral reasons. •Physical problems, such as birth defects. •Possibility of mental and emotional problems of the clone.
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Applications of Animal Cloning
Animals as drug producers: Gene farming
Animal models: Models for human diseases
Breeding endogenic body tissue: Transplantation
Xenotransplantation: Animal organs → Human
Livestock breeding and agriculture
Transgenic clones
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Thanks
04/19/2304/19/23 Dr. Hariom YadavDr. Hariom Yadav
Ethics for Animal Cloning