8.2 mosses, hornworts, and liverworts 8.3 ferns and their relatives
TRANSCRIPT
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8.2 Mosses, Hornworts, and Liverworts
8.3 Ferns and their Relatives
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Nonvascular Plants • All nonvascular plants
are low-growing plants that lack vascular tissue.
• Vascular tissue is a system of tube like structures that transport water and other materials.
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Nonvascular Plants • These plants cannot grow very wide or
tall; nonvascular plants are small and grow low to the ground.
Moss Gametophyte Moss Sporophyte
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Nonvascular Plants • lack roots, must obtain
water and minerals directly from surroundings
• live where water is plentiful
• even nonvascular plants that live in drier areas need enough water for reproduction.
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Mosses• most diverse group
of nonvascular plants
• Have structures that LOOK like leaves and stems (but they aren’t!)
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Mosses• Don’t have
roots, but thin root-like structures called rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
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Liverworts and Hornworts • Liverworts are named for
the shape of the plant’s body, which looks somewhat like a human liver.
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Liverworts and Hornworts • found growing on moist rocks or soil
along the sides of a stream. Most grow flat along the ground
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Liverworts and Hornworts • The hornlike
sporophytes give these plants their names.
• live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants.
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Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
• Ferns and their relatives have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce.
• Vascular plants are better suited to life on land than are nonvascular plants.
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Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
• Vascular tissue transports water and food quickly and efficiently throughout the plant’s body.
• strengthens the plant’s body
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Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
•Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails still need to grow in moist surroundings because they use spores for reproduction.
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Ferns
•Ferns have true stems, roots, and leaves.
•Roots are structures that anchor the fern to the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
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Ferns
•The fern’s leaves are called fronds.
•developing leaves are coiled at first and they resemble the top of a violin, so they are often called fiddleheads.
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Ferns•On the underside
of mature fronds, spores develop in tiny spore cases called sori.
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Club Mosses and Horsetails
• Club mosses and horsetails have true leaves, stems, and roots.
• few species survive today
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Club Mosses and Horsetails
• The stems of horsetails are jointed. Long, coarse, needlelike branches grow in a circle around each joint.