7_lect 3 hav
DESCRIPTION
7_Lect 3 HAVTRANSCRIPT
-
Ha
nd
-arm
Vib
rati
on
V
ibra
tio
n w
hit
e f
ing
ers
H
an
d a
rm v
ibra
tio
n s
yn
dro
me
C
au
se a
nd
Eff
ect
s
H
AV
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
& C
on
tro
l
S
tan
da
rds,
lim
its
an
d c
rite
ria
fo
r h
an
d-a
rm
vib
rati
on
H
an
d-t
oo
l v
ibra
tio
n m
ea
sure
me
nts
.
1
-
Occupational Vib
ration -
A S
hort
His
tory
18
39
-Pneum
atic t
ools
were
fir
st
used in F
rench m
ines
18
62
-Pri
mary
Raynaud's
Phenom
enon (
Raynaud's
D
isease)
identified.
19
11
-Pro
fessor
Lori
ga fir
st
descri
bed v
ascula
r spasm
in
the h
ands o
f It
alian m
iners
usin
g p
neum
atic t
ools
.
19
18
-Alice H
am
ilto
n s
tudie
d m
iners
usin
g d
rills in
lim
esto
ne q
uarr
ies d
escri
bin
g s
pastic a
naem
ia o
f th
e
hands.
19
30
-40
s-
Cases o
f w
hite f
inger
were
identified s
tudie
s in
fett
lers
, ri
vete
rs,
boot
and s
hoe industr
y w
ork
ers
and u
sers
of ele
ctr
ical pow
ere
d r
ota
ting t
ools
19
50
s-
Researc
h lin
ks s
igns a
nd s
ym
pto
ms in n
erv
es,
bones,
join
ts a
nd m
uscle
s w
ith v
ibra
ting t
ools
.
19
68
-69
-Aft
er
12-1
4 y
ears
of continuous c
hain
saw
use
wid
espre
ad c
om
pla
ints
of
VW
F in o
pera
tors
. 1
97
5-
Scale
for
assessin
g t
he e
xte
nt
of vascula
r in
jury
associa
ted w
ith v
ibra
tion w
hite f
inger
published b
y
Taylo
r-Pelm
ear
2
-
19
85
-VW
F b
ecom
es a
pre
scri
bed d
isease for
Industr
ial
Inju
ries D
isable
ment
Benefit
purp
oses
19
87
-Sto
ckholm
scale
for
assessm
ent
of
VW
F p
ublished.
Sta
ndard
for
measure
ment
of
vib
ration p
ublished in B
S
6842.
19
88
U
K H
SE r
esearc
h o
n e
xposure
to H
AV in a
num
ber
of
industr
ies in G
reat
Bri
tain
published.
19
89
-EC M
achin
ery
Dir
ective a
dopte
d;
inclu
des r
equir
em
ents
on H
AV.
19
92
U
K H
SE p
roduce g
uid
ance o
n V
WF in F
oundri
es
19
94
U
K H
SE p
ublish g
eneri
c g
uid
ance o
n H
AV
19
97
U
K H
SE p
ublish a
book o
f vib
ration-r
eduction c
ase
stu
die
s.
30
Sep
tem
ber 1
99
7U
K H
igh C
ourt
aw
ard
s
127,0
00
com
pensation for
VW
F t
o 7
min
ers
, 12,5
00 m
ore
cases in
the p
ipeline
20
02
-D
irective 2
002/4
4/E
C o
n t
he m
inim
um
health a
nd s
afe
ty
requir
em
ents
regard
ing t
he e
xpo-s
ure
of
work
ers
to t
he
risks a
risin
g fro
m p
hysic
al agents
(vib
ration)
was p
ublished
in t
he O
ffic
ial Jo
urn
al of th
e E
uro
pean C
om
munitie
s.
Mem
ber
Sta
tes h
ave 3
Years
fro
m 6
July
2002 t
o im
ple
-m
ent
the D
irective.
2
00
6-
Intr
oduction o
f N
ew
Iri
sh R
egula
tions t
o im
ple
ment
the
Physic
al Agents
(Vib
ration)
Dir
ective 2
002/4
4/E
C.
3
-
Wh
at
is V
ibra
tio
n?
4
Freq
uen
cy
A
mp
litu
de
A
ccele
rati
on
-
Vib
ration
is
mot
ion
caus
ed
by
forc
es
applied o
nto
stru
ctur
es a
nd
mac
hines
.
5
-
Ho
w V
ibra
tio
n C
an
Aff
ect
us?
6
-
Vib
rati
on
Exp
osu
re
Co
nta
ct w
ith
Vib
rati
ng
Ma
chin
e:
Se
gm
en
tal
Vib
rati
on
Se
gm
en
t o
f b
od
y
such
as
ha
nd
-
tra
nsm
itte
d v
ibra
tio
n (
kno
wn
as
ha
nd
-arm
vib
rati
on
or
HA
V)
7
-
Ha
nd
-Arm
Vib
rati
on
8
-
Ch
ain
Sa
w,
Ch
ipp
ing
Ha
mm
er,
Gri
nd
er,
Jig
saw
..
9
-
Imp
act
Dri
ll,
Gra
ss C
utt
er,
Hig
h S
pe
ed
Cu
t.
10
-
EF
FE
CT
S O
F V
IBR
AT
ION
S
eg
me
nta
l Vib
rati
on
Ex
po
sure
-Vib
ration
tra
nsmitte
d t
o a
spec
ific
part
of
the
bod
y, i.e
. th
e han
d, ar
m,
or leg
.-
Cau
sed b
y th
e us
e of
vib
rating
han
d-
held t
ools.
-Vib
ration
which is
tran
smitte
d f
rom
the
tool t
o th
e han
ds
and a
rms
of t
he
pers
on h
olding
the
tool a
nd t
his is
calle
d H
and-Arm
Vib
ration
(HAV)
11
-
WH
AT
IS
HA
V?
HA
V is
vib
rati
on
tra
nsm
itte
d f
rom
wo
rk p
roce
sse
s in
to w
ork
ers
h
an
ds
an
d a
rms.
It
can
be
ca
use
d b
y o
pe
rati
ng
ha
nd
-he
ld p
ow
er
too
ls s
uch
as
roa
d
bre
ake
rs,
ha
nd
-gu
ide
d e
qu
ipm
en
t su
ch a
s la
wn
m
ow
ers
, or
by
ho
ldin
g m
ate
ria
ls b
ein
g p
roce
sse
d
by
ma
chin
es
such
as
pe
de
sta
l gri
nd
ers
.
WH
EN
IS
IT
HA
ZA
RD
OU
S?
Re
gu
lar
an
d f
req
ue
nt
exp
osu
re t
o h
igh
le
vels
of
vib
rati
on
ca
n l
ea
d t
o p
erm
an
en
t in
jury
. T
his
is
mo
st li
kely
wh
en
co
nta
ct w
ith
a v
ibra
tin
g t
oo
l or
pro
cess
is a
re
gu
lar
pa
rt o
f a
pe
rso
ns
jo
b.
12
-
WH
ICH
JO
BS
AN
D I
ND
US
TR
IES
AR
E M
OS
T L
IKE
LY T
O B
E
AF
FE
CT
ED
BY
HA
V?
Job
s re
qu
irin
g r
eg
ula
r a
nd
fre
qu
en
t u
se o
f vi
bra
tin
g t
oo
ls
an
d e
qu
ipm
en
t a
re f
ou
nd
in a
wid
e r
an
ge
of
ind
ust
rie
s, f
or
exa
mp
le:
B
uil
din
g a
nd
ma
inte
na
nce
of
roa
ds
an
d r
ail
wa
ys
C
on
cre
te p
rod
uct
s
C
on
stru
ctio
n
Fo
rest
ry
Fo
un
dri
es
H
ea
vy
en
gin
ee
rin
g
M
ine
s a
nd
qu
arr
ies
P
late
an
d s
he
et
me
tal f
ab
rica
tio
n;
P
ub
lic
serv
ice
s
P
ub
lic
uti
liti
es
13
-
W
HA
T S
OR
T O
F T
OO
LS A
ND
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
CA
N C
AU
SE
VIB
RA
TIO
N I
NJU
RY
?
C
ha
insa
ws
C
on
cre
te b
rea
kers
/ro
ad
dri
lls
H
am
me
r d
rill
s
H
an
d-h
eld
gri
nd
ers
H
an
d-h
eld
sa
nd
ers
P
ed
est
al g
rin
de
rs
P
ow
er
ha
mm
ers
an
d c
his
els
P
ow
ere
d la
wn
mo
we
rs
R
ive
tin
g h
am
me
rs a
nd
bo
lste
rs
S
trim
me
rs/b
rush
cu
tte
rs
14
-
15
In
du
str
yIn
du
str
yT
yp
e o
f V
ibrati
on
Typ
e o
f V
ibrati
on
Co
mm
on
So
urce o
f V
ibrati
on
Co
mm
on
So
urce o
f V
ibrati
on
Ag
ric
ult
ure
Wh
ole
bod
yTracto
rs
Co
nstr
ucti
on
Wh
ole
bo
dy
Han
d-a
rm
Heavy e
qu
ipm
en
t veh
icle
s
Pn
eu
mati
c t
oo
ls, Jackh
am
mers
Fo
restr
yW
ho
le b
od
y
Han
d-a
rm
Tracto
rs
Ch
ain
saw
s
Fu
rn
itu
re m
an
ufa
ctu
re
Han
d-a
rm
Pn
eu
mati
c c
his
els
Mach
ine t
oo
lsH
an
d-a
rm
Vib
rati
ng
han
d t
oo
ls
Texti
leH
an
d-a
rm
Sew
ing
mach
ines, Lo
om
s
Tran
sp
orta
tio
nW
ho
le b
od
yV
eh
icle
s
Min
ing
Wh
ole
bo
dy
Han
d-a
rm
Veh
icle
op
erati
on
R
ock d
rills
-
16
Mo
derate
vib
rati
on
gr
inde
rs
sa
nde
rs
jig
sa
ws
Hig
h v
ibrati
on
im
pact
w
ren
che
s
ca
rpet
s
trip
pers
ch
ain
sa
ws
pe
rcu
ssiv
e to
ols
jac
k ha
mm
ers
sc
aler
s
riv
etin
g o
r ch
ippi
ng
ham
mer
s
-
HE
ALT
H R
ISK
S,
SIG
NS
AN
D S
YM
PT
OM
S
V
asc
ula
r d
iso
rde
rs
Va
rio
us
term
s h
av
e b
ee
n u
sed
to
de
scri
be
vib
rati
on
-in
du
ced
va
scu
lar
dis
ord
ers
:
-Vib
rati
on
-in
du
ced
de
ad
or
wh
ite
fin
ge
r.
-R
ay
na
ud
's s
yn
dro
me
of
occ
up
ati
on
al
ori
gin
.
Init
iall
y a
tta
cks
of
wh
ite
nin
g o
r b
lan
chin
g o
f th
e f
ing
ers
inv
olv
e t
he
tip
s o
f o
ne
or
mo
re f
ing
ers
, b
ut,
wit
h c
on
tin
ue
d
ex
po
sure
to
vib
rati
on
, th
e b
lan
chin
g c
an
ex
ten
d t
o t
he
ba
se
of
the
fin
ge
rs.
17
-
Se
gm
en
tal
Vib
rati
on
Exp
osu
re
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sy
nd
rom
e (
HA
VS
)
-Vib
ration
-In
duc
ed W
hite
Finge
rs (VW
F)
-Dea
d F
inge
rs o
r Dea
d H
and.
-Ray
naud
's D
isea
se.
-C
arp
al-
Tun
ne
l S
yn
dro
me
(C
TS
).
18
-
Vib
rati
on
-in
du
ced
Wh
ite
or
De
ad
Fin
ge
r, R
ayn
au
d's
Dis
ea
se
VW
F a
lso
know
n as
"Dea
d F
inge
r" o
r "D
ead
Han
d due
to
poor
blood
sup
ply
in t
he
fing
ers,
ca
used
by
the
prolon
ged u
se o
f vibra
ting
to
ols.
Har
mfu
l hea
lth e
ffec
ts o
f vibra
ting
too
ls a
re
relate
d t
o th
e leng
th o
f time
and t
he
freq
uenc
y of
the
vibra
tion
(how
fas
t th
e to
ol
goes
bac
k an
d f
orth
).
The
long
er a
per
son
uses
a v
ibra
ting
too
l, a
nd
the
fast
er t
he
tool v
ibra
tes,
the
grea
ter
the
risk
of
hea
lth e
ffec
ts.
19
-
Vib
rati
on
-in
du
ced
Wh
ite
or
De
ad
Fin
ge
r, R
ayn
au
d's
Dis
ea
se.
20
-
Ne
uro
log
ica
l d
iso
rde
rs
W
ork
ers
ex
po
sed
to
ha
nd
-arm
vib
rati
on
ma
y e
xp
eri
en
ce
tin
gli
ng
an
d n
um
bn
ess
in
th
eir
fin
ge
rs a
nd
ha
nd
s.
Te
mp
ora
ry t
ing
lin
g o
r n
um
bn
ess
du
rin
g o
r so
on
aft
er
use
of
a v
ibra
tin
g h
an
d t
oo
l is
no
t co
nsi
de
red
to
be
VW
F, h
ow
ev
er
tin
gli
ng
an
d n
um
bn
ess
in
th
e f
ing
ers
la
stin
g m
ore
th
an
an
h
ou
r a
fte
r fi
nis
hin
g w
ork
ma
y i
nd
ica
te e
arl
y s
tag
es
of
VW
F.
If
vib
rati
on
ex
po
sure
co
nti
nu
es,
th
ese
sy
mp
tom
s te
nd
to
w
ors
en
. T
he
aff
ect
ed
wo
rke
r ca
n e
xp
eri
en
ce a
co
mp
lete
lo
ss
of
tou
ch s
en
sati
on
an
d m
an
ipu
lati
ve
sk
ill,
wh
ich
ca
n
inte
rfe
re w
ith
wo
rk a
nd
lif
e a
ctiv
ity,
th
us
incr
ea
sin
g t
he
ris
k
for
inju
rie
s d
ue
to
acc
ide
nts
.
21
-
Mu
scu
losk
ele
tal d
iso
rde
rs
e
xp
osu
re t
o v
ibra
tio
n m
ay
co
mp
lain
of
mu
scu
lar
we
ak
ne
ss,
pa
in i
n t
he
ha
nd
s a
nd
arm
s, a
nd
dim
inis
he
d m
usc
le s
tre
ng
th.
H
ard
en
ing
of
soft
tis
sue
at
the
sit
es
of
ten
do
n a
tta
chm
en
t,
mo
stly
at
the
elb
ow
.
22
-
WH
AT
IN
JUR
IES
CA
N H
AV
CA
US
E?
Re
gu
lar
exp
osu
re t
o H
AV
ca
n c
au
se a
ra
ng
e o
f p
erm
an
en
t
inju
rie
s to
ha
nd
s a
nd
arm
s in
clu
din
g d
am
ag
e t
o t
he
:
B
loo
d c
ircu
lato
ry s
yste
m (
e.g
. vi
bra
tio
n w
hit
e f
ing
er)
S
en
sory
ne
rve
s
M
usc
les
B
on
es
Jo
ints
23
Han
d A
rm
Vib
rati
on
Han
d A
rm
Vib
rati
on
Cau
ses &
Eff
ects
Cau
ses &
Eff
ects
-
Sym
pto
ms?
Tingling
and n
umbne
ss in
the
fing
ers.
A los
s of
fee
ling
in t
he
fing
ers.
Lo
ss o
f st
reng
th in
the
han
ds.
Pa
infu
l an
d d
isab
ling
disor
der
s of
the
blood
ves
sels, ne
rves
, jo
ints
and
mus
cles
of
the
han
ds
and a
rms.
The
fing
ers
turn
ing
white
(only
in t
he
tips
at
firs
t) a
nd b
ecom
ing
red a
nd
painfu
l on
rec
over
y.
24
-
25
-
26
Facto
rs t
hat
Facto
rs t
hat
IIn
flu
en
ce t
he
nfl
uen
ce t
he EE
ffect
of
ffect
of
VVib
rati
on
on
th
e
ibrati
on
on
th
e HH
an
dan
d
Ph
ysic
al Facto
rs
Bio
dyn
am
ic F
acto
rs
In
div
idu
al Facto
rs
Accele
rati
on
of
vib
rati
on
Grip
fo
rces -
ho
w h
ard
th
e w
orker g
rasp
s t
he
vib
rati
ng
eq
uip
men
tO
perato
r's
co
ntr
ol o
f to
ol
Freq
uen
cy o
f vib
rati
on
Su
rfa
ce a
rea, lo
cati
on
, an
d m
ass o
f p
arts
of
the h
an
d in
co
nta
ct
wit
h t
he s
ou
rce o
f vib
rati
on
Mach
ine w
ork r
ate
Du
rati
on
of
exp
osu
re e
ach
w
orkd
ay
Hard
ness o
f th
e m
ate
ria
l b
ein
g c
on
tacte
d b
y
the h
an
d-h
eld
to
ols
, fo
r e
xam
ple
meta
l in
g
rin
din
g a
nd
ch
ipp
ing
Skill an
d p
ro
du
cti
vit
y
Years o
f em
plo
ym
en
t in
vo
lvin
g
vib
rati
on
exp
osu
re
Po
sit
ion
of
the h
an
d a
nd
arm
rela
tive t
o t
he
bo
dy
In
div
idu
al su
scep
tib
ilit
y t
o
vib
rati
on
Sta
te o
f to
ol m
ain
ten
an
ce
Textu
re o
f h
an
dle
-so
ft a
nd
co
mp
lian
t versu
s
rig
id m
ate
ria
lS
mo
kin
g a
nd
use o
f d
ru
gs.
Exp
osu
re t
o o
ther p
hysic
al
an
d c
hem
ical ag
en
ts.
Pro
tecti
ve p
racti
ces a
nd
eq
uip
men
t in
clu
din
g g
loves,
bo
ots
, w
ork-r
est
perio
ds.
Med
ical h
isto
ry o
f in
jury t
o f
ing
ers a
nd
han
ds,
parti
cu
larly
fro
stb
ite
Dis
ease o
r p
rio
r in
jury t
o t
he
fin
gers o
r h
an
ds
-
Averag
e l
ate
nt
perio
ds f
or v
ibrati
on
Averag
e l
ate
nt
perio
ds f
or v
ibrati
on
--in
du
ced
in
du
ced
dis
eases i
n d
iffe
ren
t o
ccu
pati
on
sd
iseases i
n d
iffe
ren
t o
ccu
pati
on
s
Occu
pati
on
Occu
pati
on
Sta
ge o
f V
WF
Sta
ge o
f V
WF
Late
ncy (
years)
Late
ncy (
years)
Foundry
work
er
Foundry
work
er
Tin
gling
Tin
gling
Num
bness
Num
bness
Bla
nchin
gBla
nchin
g
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.0
Ship
Yard
work
er
Ship
Yard
work
er
Tin
gling
Tin
gling
Num
bness
Num
bness
Bla
nchin
gBla
nchin
g
9.1
9.1
12.0
12.0
16.8
16.8
Chain
saw
opera
tor
Chain
saw
opera
tor
Num
bness
Num
bness
44
Gri
nder
Gri
nder
Bla
nchin
gBla
nchin
g13.7
13.7
27
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
-C
au
ses
& E
ffe
cts
W
HA
T E
FFE
CT
S D
O T
HE
SE
IN
JUR
IES
HA
VE
ON
PE
OP
LE?
P
ain
ful f
inge
r b
lan
chin
g a
tta
cks
(tri
gge
red
by
cold
or
we
t co
nd
itio
ns)
Lo
ss o
f se
nse
of
tou
ch a
nd
te
mp
era
ture
N
um
bn
ess
an
d t
ing
ling
Lo
ss o
f g
rip
str
en
gth
Lo
ss o
f m
an
ua
l d
ext
eri
ty
U
na
ble
to
wo
rk in
co
ld/w
et
con
dit
ion
s
U
na
ble
to
do
leis
ure
act
ivit
ies
such
as
fish
ing
, go
lf,
swim
min
g
N
ee
d t
o a
void
fu
rth
er
exp
osu
re t
o v
ibra
tio
n,
or
cold
an
d w
et
con
dit
ion
s
H
ave
dif
ficu
lty
ha
nd
ling
to
ols
an
d m
ate
ria
ls a
nd
wit
h t
ask
s re
qu
irin
g f
ine
fin
ger
ma
nip
ula
tio
n
UK
36
,00
0 p
eo
ple
ad
van
ced
sta
ge
, 2
28
,00
0 w
ith
con
dit
ion
28
-
Ca
rpa
l-Tu
nn
el S
ynd
rom
e (
CT
S)
Ano
ther
hea
lth p
roblem t
hat
linke
d t
o th
e us
e of
smaller
han
d-held v
ibra
ting
too
ls.
Arise
due
to
pres
sure
on
the
med
ian
nerv
es.
The
tiss
ues
arou
nd t
he
med
ian
nerv
e sw
ell an
d
pres
s on
the
nerv
e.
Due
to
repe
titive
mot
ion
of t
he
wrist
or
fing
ers;
using
small vibra
ting
han
d t
ools like
pneu
mat
ic s
crew
drive
rs, co
mpu
ter
keyb
oard
s,
cash
reg
iste
r.
For
cefu
l mot
ion
of t
he
wrist
; us
ing
a wre
nch,
forc
eful g
ripp
ing,
pinch
ing
or f
lexing
with t
he
wrist
ben
t up
war
ds,
dow
nwar
ds,
or
sidew
ays.
29
-
CA
RPA
L T
UN
NE
L SY
ND
RO
ME
Aff
ecting
the
han
d
and w
rist
. The
carp
al t
unne
l is a
sp
ace
in t
he
wrist
su
rrou
nded
by
wrist
bon
es a
nd b
y a
rigid ligam
ent
that
lin
ks t
he
bon
es
toge
ther
.
30
-
The m
edia
n ne
rve c
arri
es
sign
als
from
the b
rain
to
cont
rol th
e a
ctio
ns o
f th
e f
inge
rs a
nd h
and. T
he
thum
b, in
dex, m
iddle
and
rin
g fi
ngers
are
und
er
the
cont
rol of
the m
edia
n ne
rve.
31
-
Sym
pto
ms
Sen
sation
s of
num
bne
ss,
ting
ling
and p
ain
in t
he
fing
ers
.
Wea
knes
s an
d p
ain
in
the
han
d a
nd w
rist
.
This c
ombinat
ion
of
sympt
oms
is c
alled
Car
pal Tun
nel Syn
dro
me.
CTS o
ccur
s in t
he
nerv
es o
f th
e han
ds
no
t th
e mus
cles
..
32
-
Tre
atm
en
t
Sur
gery
may
be
requ
ired
to
releas
e th
e co
mpr
esse
d
med
ian
nerv
e. T
he
open
relea
se p
roce
dur
e invo
lves
simply
cutt
ing
the
tran
sver
se c
arpa
l lig
amen
t.
33
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
M
an
ag
em
en
t &
Co
ntr
ol
Ris
k M
an
ag
em
en
t P
roce
ss
34
Id
en
tify
Id
en
tify
S
ou
rces
So
urces
Mo
nit
or &
M
on
ito
r &
Evalu
ate
Evalu
ate
Im
ple
men
t Im
ple
men
t C
on
tro
lsC
on
tro
ls
Assess
Assess
Exp
osu
res
Exp
osu
res
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
& C
on
tro
l
Id
en
tify
th
ose
at
risk
fro
m o
ccu
pa
tio
na
l vib
rati
on
A
sse
ss t
he
ris
k i
nv
olv
ed
:
Th
e le
vel,
ty
pe
an
d d
ura
tio
n o
f e
xpo
sure
A
ny
eff
ect
s co
nce
rnin
g t
he
he
alt
h a
nd
sa
fety
of
wo
rke
rs a
t p
art
icu
larl
y
sen
siti
ve r
isk
A
ny
ind
ire
ct e
ffe
cts
fro
m i
nte
ract
ion
s b
etw
ee
n v
ibra
tio
n a
nd
th
e
wo
rkp
lace
/oth
er
wo
rk e
qu
ipm
en
t
In
form
ati
on
pro
vid
ed
by
th
e m
an
ufa
ctu
rers
of
wo
rk e
qu
ipm
en
t
T
he
exi
ste
nce
of
rep
lace
me
nt
eq
uip
me
nt
S
pe
cifi
c w
ork
ing
co
nd
itio
ns
such
as
low
te
mp
era
ture
s
A
pp
rop
ria
te in
form
ati
on
ob
tain
ed
fro
m h
ea
lth
su
rve
illa
nce
P
rev
en
t a
nd
/or
con
tro
l th
e r
isk
35
-
WH
AT
CA
N I
DO
TO
CO
NT
RO
L T
HE
RIS
K?
Lo
ok
fo
r a
lte
rna
tiv
e w
ay
s o
f w
ork
ing
wh
ich
eli
min
ate
th
e v
ibra
tin
g e
qu
ipm
en
t a
lto
ge
the
r
M
ake
su
re y
ou
r e
mp
loy
ee
s u
se t
he
mo
st a
pp
rop
ria
te e
qu
ipm
en
t fo
r e
ach
jo
b
M
inim
ise
th
e t
ime
ind
ivid
ua
ls u
se t
he
eq
uip
me
nt
B
rea
k u
p p
eri
od
s o
f co
nti
nu
ou
s e
qu
ipm
en
t u
se b
y in
div
idu
als
D
esi
gn
th
e j
ob
so
th
at
po
or
po
stu
re is
av
oid
ed
.
C
on
stru
ct j
igs
to h
old
ma
teri
als
or
too
ls.
M
ain
tain
to
ols
to
th
e m
an
ufa
ctu
rer
s sp
eci
fica
tio
ns
to a
vo
id w
ors
en
ing
vib
rati
on
fo
r e
xam
ple
:
R
ep
lace
vib
rati
on
mo
un
ts b
efo
re t
he
y a
re w
orn
ou
t;
E
nsu
re r
ota
tin
g p
art
s a
re c
he
cke
d f
or
ba
lan
ce a
nd
re
pla
ce t
he
m i
f n
ece
ssa
ry;
K
ee
p t
oo
ls s
ha
rp.
G
et
ad
vic
e f
rom
yo
ur
tra
de
ass
oci
ati
on
on
be
st p
ract
ice
.
G
et
ad
vic
e f
rom
th
e e
qu
ipm
en
t m
an
ufa
ctu
rer
on
sa
fe u
se o
f th
e e
qu
ipm
en
t.
M
ech
an
ise
or
au
tom
ate
th
e w
ork
or
cha
ng
e t
he
wa
y o
f w
ork
ing
A
sk t
he
ma
nu
fact
ure
r to
ad
d a
nti
-vib
rati
on
mo
un
ts t
o i
sola
te t
he
op
era
tor
fro
m t
he
vib
rati
on
sou
rce
P
rov
ide
to
ol
sup
po
rt t
o t
ake
th
e w
eig
ht
of
the
to
ol
all
ow
ing
th
e o
pe
rato
r to
re
du
ce g
rip
an
d
fee
d f
orc
e
In
tro
du
ce a
pu
rch
asi
ng
po
licy
sp
eci
fyin
g lo
w v
ibra
tio
n p
erf
orm
an
ce f
or
ne
w e
qu
ipm
en
t
36
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
M
an
ag
em
en
t &
Co
ntr
ol
W
ork
ers
ca
n r
ed
uce
th
e r
isk
of
ha
nd
-arm
vib
rati
on
sy
nd
rom
e
(HA
VS
) b
y f
oll
ow
ing
sa
fe w
ork
pra
ctic
es:
E
mp
loy
a m
inim
um
ha
nd
gri
p c
on
sist
en
t w
ith
sa
fe o
pe
rati
on
o
f th
e t
oo
l o
r p
roce
ss.
W
ea
r su
ffic
ien
t cl
oth
ing
, in
clu
din
g g
lov
es,
to
ke
ep
wa
rm.
A
vo
id c
on
tin
uo
us
exp
osu
re b
y t
ak
ing
re
st p
eri
od
s.
R
est
th
e t
oo
l o
n t
he
wo
rk p
iece
wh
en
ev
er
pra
ctic
al.
R
efr
ain
fro
m u
sin
g f
au
lty
to
ols
.
M
ain
tain
pro
pe
rly
sh
arp
en
ed
cu
ttin
g t
oo
ls.
C
on
sult
a d
oct
or
at
the
fir
st s
ign
of
vib
rati
on
dis
ea
se a
nd
ask
a
bo
ut
the
po
ssib
ilit
y o
f ch
an
gin
g t
o a
jo
b w
ith
less
exp
osu
re
37
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
M
an
ag
em
en
t &
Co
ntr
ol
Em
plo
ye
e I
nfo
rma
tio
n a
nd
Tra
inin
g
P
ote
nti
al
sou
rce
s o
f h
an
d-a
rm v
ibra
tio
n
T
he
he
alt
h e
ffe
cts
of
ha
nd
-arm
vib
rati
on
;
R
isk
fact
ors
(e
.g.
hig
h l
eve
ls o
f vi
bra
tio
n,
da
ily l
en
gth
/re
gu
lari
ty o
f e
xpo
sure
);
H
ow
to
re
cog
nis
e a
nd
re
po
rt s
ign
s o
f in
jury
;
W
ays
to
min
imis
e r
isk,
incl
ud
ing
:
C
ha
nge
s to
wo
rkin
g p
ract
ice
s to
re
du
ce v
ibra
tio
n e
xpo
sure
;
C
orr
ect
se
lect
ion
, u
se a
nd
ma
inte
na
nce
of
eq
uip
me
nt;
H
ow
to
use
to
ols
to
re
du
ce g
rip
fo
rce
, st
rain
etc
;
M
ain
ten
an
ce o
f go
od
blo
od
cir
cula
tio
n a
t w
ork
, e
g b
y ke
ep
ing
wa
rm,
exe
rcis
ing
fin
gers
an
d n
ot
smo
kin
g.
Em
plo
ye
es
sho
uld
als
o h
ave
acc
ess
to
a p
roa
ctiv
e h
ea
lth
su
rve
illa
nce
pro
gra
mm
e.
38
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
M
an
ag
em
en
t &
Co
ntr
ol
Em
plo
ye
es
sho
uld
als
o h
av
e a
cce
ss t
o a
pro
act
ive
he
alt
h s
urv
eil
lan
ce
pro
gra
mm
e.
Re
gu
lar
Em
plo
ye
es
Ch
eck
s:
H
ave
yo
ur
fin
ge
rs g
on
e w
hit
e o
n e
xpo
sure
to
co
ld?
H
ave
yo
u h
ad
an
y t
ing
ling
or
nu
mb
ne
ss i
n y
ou
r fi
ng
ers
aft
er
usi
ng
vib
rati
ng
eq
uip
me
nt?
A
re y
ou
exp
eri
en
cin
g a
ny
pro
ble
ms
wit
h m
usc
les
or
join
ts i
n y
ou
r
ha
nd
s o
r a
rms?
D
o y
ou
ha
ve a
ny
dif
ficu
lty
pic
kin
g u
p s
ma
ll o
bje
cts
such
as
scre
ws
or
na
ils?
Is
it d
iffi
cult
to
te
ll if
so
me
thin
g i
s h
ot
or
cold
to
th
e t
ou
ch?
If t
he
an
swe
r to
an
y o
f th
ese
qu
est
ion
s is
ye
s,
ass
um
e t
ha
t th
ere
is a
ris
k f
rom
HA
V t
o y
ou
r e
mp
loye
es.
You
sh
ou
ld r
efe
r th
e
em
plo
ye
e t
o a
do
cto
r a
nd
ta
ke a
ctio
n t
o r
ed
uce
exp
osu
re.
39
-
Ha
nd
Arm
Vib
rati
on
M
an
ag
em
en
t &
Co
ntr
ol
Too
l & M
ach
ine
Ma
nu
fact
ure
rs a
re r
eq
uir
ed
by
la
w t
o:
D
esi
gn
an
d c
on
stru
ct e
qu
ipm
en
t w
hic
h w
ill c
au
se t
he
min
imu
m
risk
of
vib
rati
on
inju
ry;
P
rovi
de
yo
u w
ith
wa
rnin
g o
f a
ny
resi
du
al r
isks
fro
m v
ibra
tio
n;
P
rovi
de
yo
u w
ith
info
rma
tio
n o
n v
ibra
tio
n le
vels
;
P
rovi
de
yo
u w
ith
inst
ruct
ion
s o
n h
ow
to
use
th
e e
qu
ipm
en
t to
avo
id r
isks
fro
m v
ibra
tio
n.
Ma
nu
fact
ure
rs
vib
rati
on
da
ta n
ee
ds
care
ful
inte
rpre
tati
on
40
-
Re
mo
te c
on
tro
lvi
bra
tory
pla
te
Op
era
tor
vib
rati
on
exp
osu
re -
Zero
41
-
Me
cha
nis
ati
on
re
mo
ves
the
ris
kM
ach
ine
-mo
un
ted
pic
k re
pla
ces
ha
nd
-op
era
ted
bre
ake
rs
42
-
De
mo
liti
on
wit
ho
ut
vib
rati
on
Use
hyd
rau
lic
cru
she
rs in
ste
ad
of
de
mo
liti
on
ha
mm
ers
43
-
Occ
up
ati
on
al
Vib
rati
on
Co
ntr
ol
Sta
nd
ard
s
T
he
Sa
fety
, H
ea
lth
an
d W
elf
are
at
Wo
rk (
Ge
ne
ral
Ap
pli
cati
on
)
Re
gu
lati
on
s 2
00
7 (
S.I
. N
o 2
99
of
20
07
) re
vo
ke
an
d r
ep
lace
th
e
Sa
fety
, H
ea
lth
an
d W
elf
are
at
Wo
rk (
Co
ntr
ol
of
Vib
rati
on
)
Re
gu
lati
on
s 2
00
6.
Pa
rt 5
Ch
ap
ter
2 o
f th
e 2
00
7 R
eg
ula
tio
ns
ad
dre
sse
s C
on
tro
l o
f V
ibra
tio
n a
t W
ork
.
E
U P
hy
sica
l A
ge
nts
(V
ibra
tio
n)
Dir
ect
ive
20
02
/44
/EC
Fo
r H
an
d A
rm V
ibra
tio
n:
T
he
da
ily
ex
po
sure
lim
it v
alu
e s
tan
da
rdis
ed
to
an
eig
ht-
ho
ur
refe
ren
ce p
eri
od
sh
all
be
5 m
/s 2
.
T
he
da
ily
ex
po
sure
act
ion
va
lue
sta
nd
ard
ise
d t
o a
n e
igh
t-h
ou
r
refe
ren
ce p
eri
od
sh
all
be
2,5
m/s
2.
44
-
45
Le
gis
lati
on
an
d S
tan
da
rds
Le
gis
lati
on
an
d S
tan
da
rds
EC Vi
brat
ion
Pr
ote
ctio
n Di
rect
ive
2002
/44/
EC
Mea
sure
men
t an
d ev
alu
atio
n o
f hu
man
expo
sure
to
ha
nd-
tran
smitt
ed vib
ratio
nIS
O 53
49:2
001
Eval
uat
ion
o
f hu
man
ex
posu
re
to w
hole
-bo
dy vib
ratio
nIS
O 26
31:1
997
Hum
an Re
spo
nse
to
Vi
brat
ion
Mea
surin
g In
stru
men
tatio
nIS
O 80
41:2
005
-
46
EC
Dir
ecti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
CE
C D
ire
cti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
C
Sin
ce th
e im
plem
enta
tion
o
f the
EC
Vi
brat
ion
Pr
ote
ctio
n Di
rect
ive
20
02/4
4/EC
ther
e ha
s be
en an
o
blig
atio
n o
n co
mpa
nie
s th
rou
gho
ut E
uro
pe to
as
sess
th
e ris
ks o
f jobs
in
vo
lvin
g vib
ratio
n.
The d
irectiv
e defi
nes m
inimum
requ
ireme
nts for
emplo
yers a
nd ma
nufac
turers
of
The d
irectiv
e defi
nes m
inimum
requ
ireme
nts for
emplo
yers a
nd ma
nufac
turers
of
The d
irectiv
e defi
nes m
inimum
requ
ireme
nts for
emplo
yers a
nd ma
nufac
turers
of
The d
irectiv
e defi
nes m
inimum
requ
ireme
nts for
emplo
yers a
nd ma
nufac
turers
of
machi
nes.
machi
nes.
machi
nes.
machi
nes.
For e
valua
tion
For e
valua
tion
For e
valua
tion
For e
valua
tion da
ily vib
ration
expo
sure
daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
eda
ily vib
ration
expo
sure
daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
eA(8) A(8
)A(8
)A(8
)is us
ed:
is use
d:is u
sed:
is use
d:
where
where
where
where
a aaa hv hvhvhvis t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of the
frequ
ency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion du
ring th
e is t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of the
frequ
ency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion du
ring th
e is t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of the
frequ
ency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion du
ring th
e is t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of the
frequ
ency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion du
ring th
e ex
posur
eex
posur
eex
posur
eex
posur
e, ,,,calc
ulated
ca
lculate
d ca
lculate
d ca
lculate
d on
th
e ba
sis
of t
he st
anda
rds
ISO
53
49fo
r ha
nd-
arm
vib
ratio
n an
d IS
O 26
31fo
r w
hole
-bo
dy vib
ratio
n
T TTT e eeeis t
he to
tal du
ration
of ex
posur
e duri
ng on
e work
day
is the
total
durat
ion of
expo
sure d
uring
one w
ork da
yis t
he to
tal du
ration
of ex
posur
e duri
ng on
e work
day
is the
total
durat
ion of
expo
sure d
uring
one w
ork da
yT TTT 0 000
is the
refer
ence
durat
ion of
8 hou
rsis t
he re
feren
ce du
ration
of 8 h
ours
is the
refer
ence
durat
ion of
8 hou
rsis t
he re
feren
ce du
ration
of 8 h
ours
-
A(8
) li
mit
va
lue
sA
(8)
lim
it v
alu
es
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
A
rm
Vib
rati
on
Vib
rati
on
Wh
ole
Wh
ole
--Bo
dy
Bo
dy
Vib
rati
on
Vib
rati
on
Ex
po
su
re A
cti
on
E
xp
osu
re A
cti
on
V
alu
e (
EA
V)
Va
lue
(E
AV
)2.5
m/s
2.5
m/s
0.5
m/s
0.5
m/s
Ex
po
su
re L
imit
E
xp
osu
re L
imit
V
alu
e (
ELV
)V
alu
e (
ELV
)5 m
/s
5 m
/s
1.1
5 m
/s
1.1
5 m
/s
47
EC
Dir
ecti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
CE
C D
ire
cti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
C
The d
irectiv
e lays
down
the f
ollowin
g limit
value
s Th
e dire
ctive la
ys do
wn th
e follo
wing li
mit va
lues
The d
irectiv
e lays
down
the f
ollowin
g limit
value
s Th
e dire
ctive la
ys do
wn th
e follo
wing li
mit va
lues
The d
irectiv
e lays
down
the f
ollowin
g limit
value
s Th
e dire
ctive la
ys do
wn th
e follo
wing li
mit va
lues
The d
irectiv
e lays
down
the f
ollowin
g limit
value
s Th
e dire
ctive la
ys do
wn th
e follo
wing li
mit va
lues
for th
e daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
e A(8)
:for
the d
aily vib
ration
expo
sure A
(8):
for th
e daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
e A(8)
:for
the d
aily vib
ration
expo
sure A
(8):
for th
e daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
e A(8)
:for
the d
aily vib
ration
expo
sure A
(8):
for th
e daily
vibrat
ion ex
posur
e A(8)
:for
the d
aily vib
ration
expo
sure A
(8):
-
48
EC
Dir
ecti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
CE
C D
ire
cti
ve
20
02
/4
4/E
C
Once
the
Once
the
Once
the
Once
the ex
posur
e actio
n valu
eex
posur
e actio
n valu
eex
posur
e actio
n valu
eex
posur
e actio
n valu
eis ex
ceede
d, the
emplo
yer sh
all es
tablish
and im
pleme
nt is e
xceed
ed, th
e emp
loyer
shall
estab
lish an
d imple
ment
is exce
eded
, the e
mploy
er sh
all es
tablish
and im
pleme
nt is e
xceed
ed, th
e emp
loyer
shall
estab
lish an
d imple
ment
a prog
ram of
techn
ical an
d and
orga
nizatio
nal m
easur
es int
ende
d to re
duce
to a
a prog
ram of
techn
ical an
d and
orga
nizatio
nal m
easur
es int
ende
d to re
duce
to a
a prog
ram of
techn
ical an
d and
orga
nizatio
nal m
easur
es int
ende
d to re
duce
to a
a prog
ram of
techn
ical an
d and
orga
nizatio
nal m
easur
es int
ende
d to re
duce
to a
minim
um ex
posur
e to m
echa
nical v
ibratio
n, tak
ing int
o acco
unt in
partic
ular:
minim
um ex
posur
e to m
echa
nical v
ibratio
n, tak
ing int
o acco
unt in
partic
ular:
minim
um ex
posur
e to m
echa
nical v
ibratio
n, tak
ing int
o acco
unt in
partic
ular:
minim
um ex
posur
e to m
echa
nical v
ibratio
n, tak
ing int
o acco
unt in
partic
ular:
Othe
r work
ing me
thods
that re
quire
less e
xposu
re to
mecha
nical v
ibratio
nOt
her w
orking
metho
ds tha
t requ
ire les
s exp
osure
to me
chanic
al vibr
ation
Othe
r work
ing me
thods
that re
quire
less e
xposu
re to
mecha
nical v
ibratio
nOt
her w
orking
metho
ds tha
t requ
ire les
s exp
osure
to me
chanic
al vibr
ation
App
ropria
te work
equip
ment o
f ergo
nomic
desig
n, prod
ucing
the le
ast po
ssible
Ap
propri
ate wo
rk equ
ipmen
t of er
gono
mic de
sign, p
roduci
ng th
e least
possi
ble
Appro
priate
work e
quipm
ent of
ergo
nomic
desig
n, prod
ucing
the le
ast po
ssible
Ap
propri
ate wo
rk equ
ipmen
t of er
gono
mic de
sign, p
roduci
ng th
e least
possi
ble
vibrat
ion
vibrat
ion
vibrat
ion
vibrat
ion
Prov
ision o
f aux
iliary e
quipm
ent th
at red
uces th
e risk
of inju
ries, s
uch a
s prot
ective
Pro
vision
of au
xiliary
equip
ment t
hat re
duces
the r
isk of
injurie
s, suc
h as p
rotect
ive
Provis
ion of
auxili
ary eq
uipme
nt tha
t redu
ces th
e risk
of inju
ries, s
uch a
s prot
ective
Pro
vision
of au
xiliary
equip
ment t
hat re
duces
the r
isk of
injurie
s, suc
h as p
rotect
ive
gloves
or sp
ecial s
eats
gloves
or sp
ecial s
eats
gloves
or sp
ecial s
eats
gloves
or sp
ecial s
eats
App
ropria
te main
tenan
ce pro
grams
for w
ork eq
uipme
ntAp
propri
ate ma
intena
nce pr
ogram
s for w
ork eq
uipme
ntAp
propri
ate ma
intena
nce pr
ogram
s for w
ork eq
uipme
ntAp
propri
ate ma
intena
nce pr
ogram
s for w
ork eq
uipme
ntD
esign
and la
yout o
f work
places
Desig
n and
layou
t of wo
rkplac
esDe
sign a
nd lay
out of
workp
laces
Desig
n and
layou
t of wo
rkplac
esA
dequ
ate inf
ormatio
n and
trainin
g to ins
truct w
orkers
to us
e work
equip
ment c
orrect
ly Ad
equa
te info
rmatio
n and
trainin
g to ins
truct w
orkers
to us
e work
equip
ment c
orrect
ly Ad
equa
te info
rmatio
n and
trainin
g to ins
truct w
orkers
to us
e work
equip
ment c
orrect
ly Ad
equa
te info
rmatio
n and
trainin
g to ins
truct w
orkers
to us
e work
equip
ment c
orrect
ly an
d safe
lyan
d safe
lyan
d safe
lyan
d safe
lyL
imitat
ion of
the d
uration
and in
tensity
of th
e exp
osure
Limitat
ion of
the d
uration
and in
tensity
of th
e exp
osure
Limitat
ion of
the d
uration
and in
tensity
of th
e exp
osure
Limitat
ion of
the d
uration
and in
tensity
of th
e exp
osure
Work
sche
dules
with
adeq
uate r
est pe
riods
Work s
ched
ules w
ith ad
equa
te res
t perio
dsWo
rk sch
edule
s with
adeq
uate r
est pe
riods
Work s
ched
ules w
ith ad
equa
te res
t perio
dsP
rovisio
n of cl
othing
to pr
otect w
orkers
from c
old an
d dam
pPro
vision
of clo
thing to
prote
ct work
ers fro
m cold
and d
amp
Provis
ion of
clothin
g to pr
otect w
orkers
from c
old an
d dam
pPro
vision
of clo
thing to
prote
ct work
ers fro
m cold
and d
amp
In an
y eve
nt,
In an
y eve
nt,
In an
y eve
nt,
In an
y eve
nt, wo
rkers s
hall n
ot be
expo
sed ab
ove th
e exp
osure
limit v
alue
worke
rs sha
ll not
be ex
posed
abov
e the e
xposu
re lim
it valu
ewo
rkers s
hall n
ot be
expo
sed ab
ove th
e exp
osure
limit v
alue
worke
rs sha
ll not
be ex
posed
abov
e the e
xposu
re lim
it valu
e. If th
is sho
uld
. If th
is sho
uld
. If th
is sho
uld
. If th
is sho
uld
be th
e cas
e, the
emplo
yer sh
all tak
e imme
diate a
ction to
redu
ce ex
posur
e belo
w the
be
the c
ase, t
he em
ployer
shall
take im
media
te actio
n to re
duce
expo
sure b
elow t
he
be th
e cas
e, the
emplo
yer sh
all tak
e imme
diate a
ction to
redu
ce ex
posur
e belo
w the
be
the c
ase, t
he em
ployer
shall
take im
media
te actio
n to re
duce
expo
sure b
elow t
he
expo
sure li
mit va
lue.
expo
sure li
mit va
lue.
expo
sure li
mit va
lue.
expo
sure li
mit va
lue.
-
49
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9
Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9
Genera
l Requirem
ents
:G
enera
l Requirem
ents
:
The u
sed m
easu
ring e
quip
ment
must
confo
rm t
o I
SO
8041
The u
sed m
easu
ring e
quip
ment
must
confo
rm t
o I
SO
8041
Vib
ration s
hould
be m
easu
red in t
hre
e o
rthogonal direct
ions
Vib
ration s
hould
be m
easu
red in t
hre
e o
rthogonal direct
ions
sim
ultaneousl
ysi
multaneousl
y
The s
enso
r m
ust
be c
apable
of
measu
ring t
he h
ighest
peak
The s
enso
r m
ust
be c
apable
of
measu
ring t
he h
ighest
peak
acc
ele
ration m
agnitudes
acc
ele
ration m
agnitudes
The s
enso
r sh
ould
be m
ounte
d a
s cl
ose
as
poss
ible
to t
he c
ente
r of
The s
enso
r sh
ould
be m
ounte
d a
s cl
ose
as
poss
ible
to t
he c
ente
r of
the h
andle
without
affect
ing n
orm
al use
of
the m
ach
ine
the h
andle
without
affect
ing n
orm
al use
of
the m
ach
ine
In
the c
ase
of
mach
ines
whic
h n
eed t
o b
e h
eld
with b
oth
hands,
In
the c
ase
of
mach
ines
whic
h n
eed t
o b
e h
eld
with b
oth
hands,
m
easu
rem
ents
must
be m
ade o
n e
ach
hand.
The e
xposu
re is
measu
rem
ents
must
be m
ade o
n e
ach
hand.
The e
xposu
re is
dete
rmin
ed b
y r
efe
rence
to t
he h
igher
valu
e o
f th
e t
wo
dete
rmin
ed b
y r
efe
rence
to t
he h
igher
valu
e o
f th
e t
wo
M
easu
rem
ent
is t
he
Measu
rem
ent
is t
he inte
rval R
MS
inte
rval R
MS
of
of
frequency
frequency
--weig
hte
d a
ccele
ration
weig
hte
d a
ccele
ration
in m
/s
in m
/s
-
50
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Weig
hting F
ilter:
Weig
hting F
ilter:
The w
eig
hting f
ilter
The w
eig
hting f
ilter
Wh
Wh
repre
sents
the r
ela
tive h
ealth
repre
sents
the r
ela
tive h
ealth
risk
of
cert
ain
vib
ration f
requenci
es
for
the h
and
risk
of
cert
ain
vib
ration f
requenci
es
for
the h
and--a
rm
arm
sy
stem
syst
em
-
51
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Inte
rval R
MS:
Inte
rval R
MS:
In
terv
al R
MS v
alu
es
Inte
rval R
MS v
alu
es
aaw
xw
x,
a,
aw
yw
yand a
and a
wz
wzsh
ould
be m
easu
red a
nd r
eport
ed f
or
X,
should
be m
easu
red a
nd r
eport
ed f
or
X,
Y a
nd Z
separa
tely
Y a
nd Z
separa
tely
To
min
imiz
e v
ariation,
vib
ration s
hould
be m
easu
red,
if p
oss
ible
, se
vera
l To
min
imiz
e v
ariation,
vib
ration s
hould
be m
easu
red,
if p
oss
ible
, se
vera
l tim
es
during a
work
day a
nd a
vera
ged:
tim
es
during a
work
day a
nd a
vera
ged:
where
where
aahw
ihw
iis
the inte
rval R
MS o
f m
easu
rem
ent
iis
the inte
rval R
MS o
f m
easu
rem
ent
i
n
n
is t
he n
um
ber
of
measu
rem
ents
is t
he n
um
ber
of
measu
rem
ents
tt iiis
the d
ura
tion o
f m
easu
rem
ent
iis
the d
ura
tion o
f m
easu
rem
ent
i
The m
easu
ring t
ime s
hall
be s
uffic
iently long t
o p
rovid
e r
epre
senta
tive
The m
easu
ring t
ime s
hall
be s
uffic
iently long t
o p
rovid
e r
epre
senta
tive
va
lues
for
a m
ach
ine o
r act
ivity.
The d
ura
tion o
f one m
easu
rem
ent
should
be
valu
es
for
a m
ach
ine o
r act
ivity.
The d
ura
tion o
f one m
easu
rem
ent
should
be
more
than 8
seco
nds.
The t
ota
l m
easu
ring t
ime s
hould
be a
t le
ast
1 m
inute
.m
ore
than 8
seco
nds.
The t
ota
l m
easu
ring t
ime s
hould
be a
t le
ast
1 m
inute
.
-
52
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Tota
l Vib
ration V
alu
e:
Tota
l Vib
ration V
alu
e:
Eva
luation is
perf
orm
ed o
n t
he b
asi
s of
Eva
luation is
perf
orm
ed o
n t
he b
asi
s of To
tal Vib
ration V
alu
e a
Tota
l Vib
ration V
alu
e a
hv
hv, w
hic
h is
, w
hic
h is
the s
quare
root
of
the s
um
of
the s
quare
s (v
ect
or
sum
) of
the inte
rval R
MS
the s
quare
root
of
the s
um
of
the s
quare
s (v
ect
or
sum
) of
the inte
rval R
MS
valu
es
ava
lues
aw
xw
x, a
, a
wy
wy
and a
and a
wz
wz::
In
cert
ain
case
s it m
ay b
e n
ot
poss
ible
or
not
nece
ssary
to m
easu
re t
he
In c
ert
ain
case
s it m
ay b
e n
ot
poss
ible
or
not
nece
ssary
to m
easu
re t
he
RM
S in t
hre
e a
xes
for
the c
alc
ula
tion o
f a
RM
S in t
hre
e a
xes
for
the c
alc
ula
tion o
f a
hv
hv. T
he r
esu
lts
of
unia
xia
l . The r
esu
lts
of
unia
xia
l m
easu
rem
ents
must
be m
ultip
lied w
ith a
corr
ect
ion fact
or. T
he fact
or
can
measu
rem
ents
must
be m
ultip
lied w
ith a
corr
ect
ion fact
or. T
he fact
or
can
vary
fro
m 1
.0,
if t
here
is
only
one d
om
inating a
xis
, to
1.7
, if a
ll th
ree a
xes
vary
fro
m 1
.0,
if t
here
is
only
one d
om
inating a
xis
, to
1.7
, if a
ll th
ree a
xes
have
sim
ilar
valu
es:
have
sim
ilar
valu
es:
where
where
aaw
meas
wm
easis
the m
easu
red R
MS v
alu
eis
the m
easu
red R
MS v
alu
e
for
on
e do
min
atin
g ax
is
for
thre
e si
mila
r ax
es
-
53
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Daily
Exposu
re:
Daily
Exposu
re:
The h
ealth r
isk d
epends
on t
he d
ura
tion o
f vib
ration e
xposu
re d
uring a
work
The h
ealth r
isk d
epends
on t
he d
ura
tion o
f vib
ration e
xposu
re d
uring a
work
day
day
D
aily
exposu
re A
(8)
Daily
exposu
re A
(8)
is t
he e
quiv
ale
nt
continuous
acc
ele
ration o
ver
an e
ight
is t
he e
quiv
ale
nt
continuous
acc
ele
ration o
ver
an e
ight--
hour
work
period.
For
the d
ete
rmin
ation o
f A(8
) it is
not
nece
ssary
to
hour
work
period.
For
the d
ete
rmin
ation o
f A(8
) it is
not
nece
ssary
to
measu
re o
ver
eig
ht
hours
. It
is
suffic
ient
to m
ake
short
measu
re o
ver
eig
ht
hours
. It
is
suffic
ient
to m
ake
short
--term
measu
rem
ents
te
rm m
easu
rem
ents
during r
epre
senta
tive
work
ste
ps.
The r
esu
lts
are
norm
aliz
ed t
o e
ight
hours
. during r
epre
senta
tive
work
ste
ps.
The r
esu
lts
are
norm
aliz
ed t
o e
ight
hours
. D
aily
exposu
re is
calc
ula
ted a
s fo
llow
s:D
aily
exposu
re is
calc
ula
ted a
s fo
llow
s:
where
where
aa hvhvis t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of th
e freq
uency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion
is the
total
vibrat
ion va
lue of
the f
reque
ncy we
ighted
accel
eration
du
ring t
he ex
posur
e du
ring t
he ex
posur
e TT ee
is the
total
durat
ion of
expo
sure d
uring
one w
ork da
yis t
he to
tal du
ration
of ex
posur
e duri
ng on
e work
day
TT 00is t
he re
feren
ce du
ration
of 8
hours
is the
refer
ence
durat
ion of
8 ho
urs
-
54
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Com
bin
ed D
aily
Exposu
re:
Com
bin
ed D
aily
Exposu
re:
If
a d
aily
exposu
re c
onsi
sts
of
If a
daily
exposu
re c
onsi
sts
of m
ore
than o
ne a
ctiv
ity
more
than o
ne a
ctiv
ity
with d
iffe
rent
vib
ration
with d
iffe
rent
vib
ration
magnitudes,
daily
exposu
re is
calc
ula
ted:
magnitudes,
daily
exposu
re is
calc
ula
ted:
where
where
aa hvihvi
is the
total
vibrat
ion va
lue of
the f
reque
ncy we
ighted
accel
eration
of is t
he to
tal vib
ration
value
of th
e freq
uency
weigh
ted ac
celera
tion of
activit
y iact
ivity i
n n is t
he nu
mber
of act
ivities
is the
numb
er of
activit
iesTT ii
is the
durat
ion of
activi
ty iis t
he du
ration
of ac
tivity i
To
comp
are th
e con
tributio
ns of
differe
nt act
ivities
, it ma
y be u
seful t
o To
comp
are th
e con
tributio
ns of
differe
nt act
ivities
, it ma
y be u
seful t
o cal
culate
partia
l expo
sure v
alues:
cal
culate
partia
l expo
sure v
alues:
-
55
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Me
asu
rin
g R
ep
ort
:M
ea
su
rin
g R
ep
ort
:
Th
e r
esu
lt o
f m
ea
su
rem
en
ts t
o I
SO
53
49
sh
all
be
a r
ep
ort
in
clu
din
g t
he
T
he
re
su
lt o
f m
ea
su
rem
en
ts t
o I
SO
53
49
sh
all
be
a r
ep
ort
in
clu
din
g t
he
fo
llo
win
g d
ata
:fo
llo
win
g d
ata
:
N
am
es o
f co
mp
an
y /
co
ntr
acto
r a
nd
op
era
tin
g p
ers
on
Na
me
s o
f co
mp
an
y /
co
ntr
acto
r a
nd
op
era
tin
g p
ers
on
P
urp
ose
of
me
asu
rem
en
tP
urp
ose
of
me
asu
rem
en
t
D
ate
Da
te
Lo
ca
tio
nLo
ca
tio
n
T
em
pe
ratu
re, h
um
idit
y,
no
ise
Te
mp
era
ture
, h
um
idit
y,
no
ise
D
escri
pti
on
of
acti
vit
ies
De
scri
pti
on
of
acti
vit
ies
W
ork
pro
ce
du
re (
wo
rkin
g t
ime
, in
terr
up
tio
ns,
bre
ak
s)
Wo
rk p
roce
du
re (
wo
rkin
g t
ime
, in
terr
up
tio
ns,
bre
ak
s)
T
este
d e
qu
ipm
en
t (m
od
el,
se
ria
l n
o.,
co
nd
itio
n,
ag
e,
we
igh
t, r
ota
ry s
pe
ed
, T
este
d e
qu
ipm
en
t (m
od
el,
se
ria
l n
o.,
co
nd
itio
n,
ag
e,
we
igh
t, r
ota
ry s
pe
ed
, h
an
dle
typ
e),
to
ols
an
d w
ork
pie
ce
sh
an
dle
typ
e),
to
ols
an
d w
ork
pie
ce
s
M
ea
su
rin
g e
qu
ipm
en
t (t
yp
e, se
ria
l n
o.,
ca
lib
rati
on
da
te,
fun
cti
on
ch
ae
ck
Me
asu
rin
g e
qu
ipm
en
t (t
yp
e, se
ria
l n
o.,
ca
lib
rati
on
da
te,
fun
cti
on
ch
ae
ck
S
en
so
r p
osit
ion
s
an
d d
ire
cti
on
s,
mo
un
tin
g m
eth
od
Se
nso
r p
osit
ion
s
an
d d
ire
cti
on
s,
mo
un
tin
g m
eth
od
M
ea
su
red
in
terv
al R
MS
in
X /
Y /
Z d
ire
cti
on
fo
r e
ach
acti
vit
yM
ea
su
red
in
terv
al R
MS
in
X /
Y /
Z d
ire
cti
on
fo
r e
ach
acti
vit
y
T
ota
l vib
rati
on
va
lue
AT
ota
l vib
rati
on
va
lue
Ah
vh
vfo
r e
ach
acti
vit
yfo
r e
ach
acti
vit
y
D
ura
tio
n
Du
rati
on
T TTTT TTT i iiii iiio
f e
ach
acti
vit
y f
or
on
e w
ork
da
yo
f e
ach
acti
vit
y f
or
on
e w
ork
da
y
D
ail
y v
ibra
tio
n e
xp
osu
re A
(8)
Da
ily v
ibra
tio
n e
xp
osu
re A
(8)
P
art
ial D
ail
y v
ibra
tio
n e
xp
osu
re A
Pa
rtia
l D
ail
y v
ibra
tio
n e
xp
osu
re A
i i (8
), if
me
asu
red
(8),
if
me
asu
red
-
56
Ha
nd
Ha
nd
--Arm
Vib
rati
on
Sta
nd
ard
IS
O 5
34
9A
rm V
ibra
tio
n S
tan
da
rd I
SO
53
49
Fu
ncti
on
Ch
eck
an
d C
ali
bra
tio
n:
Fu
ncti
on
Ch
eck
an
d C
ali
bra
tio
n:
It
is r
eco
mm
en
de
d t
o p
erf
orm
a
It i
s r
eco
mm
en
de
d t
o p
erf
orm
a f
un
cti
on
ch
eck
fun
cti
on
ch
eck
of
the
o
f th
e
se
nso
r a
nd
th
e m
ea
su
rin
g i
nstr
um
en
t b
efo
re a
nd
aft
er
ea
ch
se
nso
r a
nd
th
e m
ea
su
rin
g i
nstr
um
en
t b
efo
re a
nd
aft
er
ea
ch
m
ea
su
rem
en
t b
y m
ea
ns o
f a
vib
rati
on
ca
lib
rato
rm
ea
su
rem
en
t b
y m
ea
ns o
f a
vib
rati
on
ca
lib
rato