7_introduction to gprs
TRANSCRIPT
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GSM900
DCS1800
Introduction to GPRS
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At the end of the module the participant will beable to:
Describe the relationship between GPRS andGSM
Describe the difference between packetswitching and circuitswitching and the meaning of these to data
services
Describe some benefits of GPRS
to end-users
to operators
List some business reasons for GPRS
List some possible GPRS applications that wouldgenerate revenue
Objectives
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Current trends in mobile markets:Current trends in mobile markets:
Mobile traffic is growing faster than fixed traffic
More than 400 million GSM mobile phones Prediction: In 10 years # mobiles > # of PSTN lines
Data traffic is growing faster than voice traffic More than 150 million Internet users worldwide growing
Many fixed network operators carry more data traffic than voice
Mobile traffic growth + Data traffic growth = GPRS
growth!
In many countries, majority of people have a mobilephone
Mobile operators have to stay competitive
Setting competitive tariffs
Offering value-added services
Background
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eTForecasts
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1989 1990 1995 1999 2000 2002 2005
inmill i
on
Internet Growth Rates
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low cost PCs email Intranet harmonisation growing content in the Web
business to businesselectronic commerce
business to consumerelectronic commerce
etc.
today
broadband connections (last mile) mobile commerce Web enabled mobile phones Web based radio and TV etc.
and tomorrow
Driving Forces for the Internet Growth
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Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
Network databases Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU)
Network Management Subsystem (NMS) Operations and Maintenance Centre (OMC)
Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Components of a GSM network
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BSS
BSS
NSS
PSTN/ISDN
MS
NMS
Network SwitchingSubsystem
Switching Mobility Management
(incl. authentication) Connection
Management Charging
Base Station Subsystem Radio Resource
Management(incl. Transcoding)
Radio Link Management
Network ManagementSystem
Fault Management Configuration
Management Performance
GSM Public Land Mobile Network
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BSC
BTS
BTS
TRAU
BSC
BTS
BTS
TRAU
BSS
BSS
NSS
MSC/VLR GMSC
HLREIR AC
PSTN/ISDN
MS
NMS
A
A
Um
GSM Public Land Mobile Network
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Mobile Stations
Base Station Subsystem Network Management System
BaseTransceiverStations
Base StationController
TranscoderSubmultiplexer
Digital CrossConnect
A-Interface Air Interface X.25 Interface Abis Interface
IN Service Control PointShort MessageService Centre
Voicemail
Mobile Switching Centre/Visitor Location Register
Home Location Register/Authentication Centre/Equipment IdentityRegister
Network Subsystem
PSTN/ISDN
CommunicationsServer
DataCommunication
Network
Database Server
Workstations
NetworkPlanningSystem
NetworkMeasurementSystem
TCP/IP
Data CommunicationsServer
GSM network architecture
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Tasks of NMS: Fault management Configuration management Performance management
BSC
HLR/AC/EIR
TCSM
MSC/VLR
UnixWorkstations
Database andCommunications
Servers
NMS/2000
GSM Network
Router
DataCommunicationsNetwork (DCN)
Network Management Subsystem
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Duplex Transmission
Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex
frequency
tim
e
frequency
tim
e
Uplin
k
Uplink
Uplink
UplinkDow
nlin
k
Downlink
Downlink
Downlink
Radio Interface Concepts
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Circuit switched
Packet switched
Circuit switched vs. Packet switched
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Telepho
nenetwork
s
Packet switched
Data
networ
ks End-to-end connection (call)
establishment needed
Dedicated resources (e.g. PCM-tsl) forone user are reserved during callestablishment
Only 30 - 40% of resources areeffectively used for speech transfer
Speech is transferred in real time
Speech does not accept delays
Errors in transmission are not so criticalfor speech
Charging is usually based on time
No connection needed
Resources are shared betweendifferent user sessions, notdedicated
Resources are requested ondemand, more efficient use
Packets are not sent in real time buffering and delay
Error correction and detectionpossible
Charging is usually based on
volume number of packets
Circuit switched
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Telepho
ne
networks
Packet switched
Data
networ
ksPhysical circuit
PCM-tsl
(CONS) End-to-end connection (call)
establishment needed Dedicated resources (e.g. PCM-
tsl) for one user are reservedduring call establishment
Only 30 - 40% of resources are
effectively used for speechtransfer
Speech is transferred in realtime
Speech does not accept delays Errors in transmission are not
so critical for speech Charging is usually based on
time
Virtual circuit (VC) NoVC
X.25 IP(CONS)
(CLNS)
No connection needed Resources are shared between
different user sessions, notdedicated Resources are requested on
demand, more efficient use Packets are not sent in real
time buffering and delay Error correction and detection
possible Charging is usually based on
Circuit switched
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content
conte
nt Networkserver
Subscribers Point of View
I l Vi f GPRS N k
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Subscriber
Radio
NetworkCCB
Inter-Operator GPRS
Backbone Network
GPRS
Roaming
Voice
Traditional GSM
Operator
Infrastructure
Billing Systems
Integration ???
IT Infrastructure
GGSN
IP Access
Routers
Firewalls
Addressing
Authentication
Security
LIG
Billing
CG
NMS
DNSHelp Desk
Internet Access
Corporate Access
NMS
External Services,
WAP and others...
BSC
SGSN
MSC/VLR HLR
Border
Gateway
Internal
DNS
Implementors View of GPRS Network
GSM D t S i Sh t i
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Users point of view 9.6 kbps transmission rate ceiling max. 160 characters for SMS circuit switched services expensive for
bursty applications
Radio interface problems may lead todata losses
Data integrity may not be givenvia the Internet
call establishment duration
Operators point of view
inefficient use of radioresources
displeased customers
GSM Data Services Shortcomings
Wh t i GPRS?
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Technology which permits mobile data communicationusing packet switching techniques
GSM allows circuit switched (CS) data transfer
Data transfer on a dedicated channel (connection oriented)
Connection setup procedure needed as in modem
Subscriber charged according to time of connection
TS is held for duration of connection - waste of resources
GPRS designed as an extension to digital cellular
networks Connectionless packet switched (PS) data service
Standardised by ETSI
Radio resources shared between CS and PS data
New terminals are required
What is GPRS?
O i th B ttl k U
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Increased data transmission ratesvia new Coding Schemes
CS-19.05kbps
CS-213.4kbps
CS-315.6kbps
CS-421.4kbps
Bundling of up to8 physical channels
Net transmission rate up to171.2 kbps
data rates onon physical channel(one timeslot)
All physical channel
must be located onthe same TRX
Overcoming the Bottleneck Um
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Overcoming the Bottleneck Um
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capacity on demand
ynamic allocation ofadio resources toircuit & packet switched
Multiplexingseveral users sharing onephysical channel
Asymmetricallocation of uplink anddownlink resources
Overcoming the Bottleneck Um
Who are the GPRS users?
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Business users Corporate intranet access Mobile ISP for small enterprises
Industrialapplications
Private users Demand forvalue-addedservices
Messaging Internet
Who are the GPRS users?
Private users
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Personal messaging: E-mail,
pictures, voice
Mobile
Browsing
All-in-onecommunicator
MMS terminal formobile Multimedia
Messaging Service
WAP terminals for using WAP-enabled services
Regular web browsingpossible withall-in-one communicator
Small group of advanced users,
with a laptop for personal useNormal customer requirements
on ISP:e-mail, web, news, chat
Mobile operator's ISP
infrastructurerovides standard Internet
Laptop
Private users
Business users: Corporate intranet access
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Corporate networks are primarilyusing IP
Business users usually have alaptop
Access to existing IP-basedapplications on the corporate
intranet: e-mail, intranet andInternet browsing, database lookupand entry, etc.
Resilient background transfer: Nomore "LOST CARRIER" during filedownload
The remote office becomes areality; remain networked whereveryou are
Business users: Corporate intranet access
Operator Type 1
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Mobile Access Operator Operator acts as transparent bit-
pipe
Limited differentiationpossibilities: price, bit rate,availability, etc.
The ISPs control theend-customers through actualservices and content access
Small risks for the operator:low cost, small revenueopportunity
Internet
WWWWWW
ISP orcontentprovider
Operator Type 1
Operator Type 2
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Full-Service Operator
Contentproviders
Corporations
Internet
Multimedia
ServiceCenter
SMS,SMS,
HSCSD,HSCSD,
GPRS,GPRS,
3rd generation3rd generation
Operator adds value by offeringservices with value to the end-
user
Opportunity to differentiate:
customer loyalty
new customers andrevenue streams
brand recognition
Higher risk, new competenciesrequired
Operator Type 2
Key learning points (1/3)
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GPRS uses a packet-based technique which will enhanceGSM data services significantly, especially for bursty
Internet/intranet traffic. Some application examples:
bus, train, airline information
locating restaurants and entertainment venues
weather information
security information
lottery
e-commerce
banking
e-mail
web browsing
Key learning points (1/3)
Key learning points (2/3)
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The main advantages of GPRS for users:
Instant access to data as if connected to an office LAN
Charging based on amount of data transferred (not the timeconnected)
Higher transmission speeds
The main advantages for operators:
Fast network roll-out with minimum investment
Excess voice capacity used for GPRS data
Smooth path to 3G services
Key learning points (2/3)
Key learning points (3/3)
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In circuit switching each time a connection is requiredbetween two points, a link between the two points is
established and the needed resources are reserved for theuse of that single call for the complete duration of the call.
In packet switching, the data to be transferred is dividedup into packets, which are then sent through the networkand re-assembled at the receiving end.
Key learning points (3/3)
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Review Questions to
Introduction to GPRS
Review
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1. Give an example of a CS network and identify threecharacteristics. :
PSTN, classical mobile telephony networks
a) Connection orientated
b) Optimised for speech transmission (real-time
and low arrival jitter)
c) No error correction
Review
Review
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Internet (IP), X.25, Frame Relay
a) User data organised in packets
b) Connectionless (e.g IP) and connection
oriented (e.g. X.25) network solutions areavailable
c) Non-real time data transfer
d) Statistical multiplexing
2. Give an example of a packet switched network and identifythree characteristics.
Review
Review
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3. Name two benefits of GPRS.
a) Increased radio interface efficiency
b) Charging based on volume is possible
c) Higher data rates are possible in
comparison to GSM
d) Coverage holes do not automatically result in
data losses for the end user
e) Smooth transition to 3G
f) Always-connected access to data networks
g) New data services can be applied
h) Fast network roll-out is possible
Review
Review
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4. Give three examples of services that could be carried overGPRS.
a) WAP
b) e-mail
c) e-commerced) industrial applications telemetry
e) corporate access
f) gaming
Review