725 cost essem monitoring event, helsinki 25 -26/06/08 establishing a european phenological data...

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COST ESSEM Monitoring Event, Helsinki 25 -26/06/08COST ESSEM Monitoring Event, Helsinki 25 -26/06/08

Establishing a European Establishing a European Phenological Data Platform Phenological Data Platform

for Climatological for Climatological ApplicationsApplications

Start date 05/04/2004 End date 05/04/2009Start date 05/04/2004 End date 05/04/2009

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Phenology ?Phenology ?Study of the timing ofStudy of the timing of

•recurring biological events in the recurring biological events in the animal and plant world asanimal and plant world as

flowering, leaf unfolding, fruit flowering, leaf unfolding, fruit ripeness, appearance and ripeness, appearance and departure of migrating birds and departure of migrating birds and animal breeding….animal breeding….

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Weather and climate play an important role in plant development

INDIVIDUAINDIVIDUAL L

CHARACTECHARACTERISTICSRISTICS

ATMOSPHEATMOSPHERERE

SOILSOIL

BIOSPHEBIOSPHERERE

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Phenology what for?Phenology what for?

• Important tool for climate change impact studies - Important tool for climate change impact studies - IPCC AR4IPCC AR4

• interaction between atmosphere and biosphere is a crucial interaction between atmosphere and biosphere is a crucial area of study for increasing knowledge of critical area of study for increasing knowledge of critical exchanges in the planetary carbon balanceexchanges in the planetary carbon balance

• important and necessary to have ground truth important and necessary to have ground truth observations for NDVI-data (normalized differential observations for NDVI-data (normalized differential vegetation Index – photosynthetic activity)vegetation Index – photosynthetic activity)

• Vegetation influences the albedo, the evapo/transpiration Vegetation influences the albedo, the evapo/transpiration and thus the energy budget of the earth – atmosphere and thus the energy budget of the earth – atmosphere systemsystem

• knowledge about and the input of the status of vegetation knowledge about and the input of the status of vegetation leads also to a better performance of NWP modelsleads also to a better performance of NWP models

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ProblemsProblems

in Europe many national and regional phenological in Europe many national and regional phenological

networks exists having their own specific observation networks exists having their own specific observation

programme often following country/region specific programme often following country/region specific

guidelines; data are stored in many different databases, guidelines; data are stored in many different databases,

underlying certain utilization restrictions.underlying certain utilization restrictions.

All All these factors hamper a European wide these factors hamper a European wide

phenological researchphenological research which has become one of the which has become one of the

focus points of climate change impact studiesfocus points of climate change impact studies

>>>solution: COST action>>>solution: COST action

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thus the Main Objective of cost725 isthus the Main Objective of cost725 is

establishing a European reference data set of establishing a European reference data set of

phenological observations, to be used for phenological observations, to be used for

climatological purposes, especially climate climatological purposes, especially climate

monitoring, and detection of changesmonitoring, and detection of changes

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Secondary objectivesSecondary objectives

harmonisation and recommendation for harmonisation and recommendation for monitoring and collection procedures monitoring and collection procedures

selection criteria of data for further considerationselection criteria of data for further consideration quality control of observationsquality control of observations commonly used formats of archiving and commonly used formats of archiving and

distribution of datadistribution of data developing application methods of pheno datadeveloping application methods of pheno data

(as(as mapping techniques of phenological mapping techniques of phenological information and otherinformation and other

increasing the knowledge concerning relations increasing the knowledge concerning relations between climate and phenological phasesbetween climate and phenological phases

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+JRC Ispra

cost725

27 participating countries and JRC Ispra

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ConferencesConferences

4th Annual Meeting of the European Meteorological 4th Annual Meeting of the European Meteorological Society, 5th Conference on Applied Climatology (ECAC) Society, 5th Conference on Applied Climatology (ECAC) -26 – 30 September 2004, Nice, France-26 – 30 September 2004, Nice, France

7th International Congress of Biometeorology ICB, 7th International Congress of Biometeorology ICB, September 5th - 9th 2005, Garmisch Partenkirchen, September 5th - 9th 2005, Garmisch Partenkirchen, GermanyGermany

3rd HAICTA International Conference on: Information 3rd HAICTA International Conference on: Information Systems in Sustainable Agriculture, Agroenvironment Systems in Sustainable Agriculture, Agroenvironment and Food Technology, 20 – 23 September 2006, Volos, and Food Technology, 20 – 23 September 2006, Volos, GreeceGreece

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WorkshopsWorkshops

Workshop of WG 3 Dublin, 27 – 28 April 2006Workshop of WG 3 Dublin, 27 – 28 April 2006

ESF Phenology and Agroclimatology, Exploratory ESF Phenology and Agroclimatology, Exploratory

Workshop Volos 21 – 23 September 2006Workshop Volos 21 – 23 September 2006

Workshop of WG 2 Vienna 4 – 5 December 2006Workshop of WG 2 Vienna 4 – 5 December 2006

Workshop of WG 3 Freising 22 – 23 January 2007Workshop of WG 3 Freising 22 – 23 January 2007

Workshop/scientific excursion Ivalo 6 – 10 June 2007Workshop/scientific excursion Ivalo 6 – 10 June 2007

Workshop of WG 2 Ljubljana 12 – 13 November 2007Workshop of WG 2 Ljubljana 12 – 13 November 2007

Workshop / scientific fieldtrip Bucharest 6 – 7 May 2008Workshop / scientific fieldtrip Bucharest 6 – 7 May 2008

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WG 1 METADATAWG 1 METADATA

information collected from all participating countries and information collected from all participating countries and from Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia Herzegovina about from Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia Herzegovina about

phenological networksphenological networksobserved plantsobserved plantsphases, phases, observations sites… observations sites…

This metadata built the bases for the selection of plants This metadata built the bases for the selection of plants and phases for the database of COST725and phases for the database of COST725

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WG 1 METADATAWG 1 METADATA

historical overview historical overview and present status of and present status of the national the national phenology networks phenology networks in all member in all member countries + IPG, countries + IPG, Croatia, Bosnia Croatia, Bosnia Hercegowina and Hercegowina and AlbaniaAlbania

182 pages©COST Office 2008ISBN 978-951-40-2091-9

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WG 2 DATABASE

Decision that all observed plants and phases have to be classified according to one guideline:BBCH code Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical Industry

Stage Description

0 Germination / sprouting / bud development

1 Leaf development (main shoot)

2 Formation of side shoots / tillering

3 Stem elongation or rosette growth / shoot development (main shoot)

4 Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts or vegetatively propagated organs / booting (main shoot)

5 Inflorescence emergence (main shoot) / Heading

6 Flowering (main shoot)

7 Development of fruit

8 Ripening or maturity of fruit and seed

9 Senescence beginning of dormancy

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WG 2 DATABASE

http://www.omm.urv.cat/documentation.html

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WG 2 DATABASE

in April 2005 the list of plants and phases to be stored in the common database was worked out

the present status of the common database comprises 7717094 data in total from 20 countries plus IPG from 7948 observation sites (among these 6406 German stations)

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WG 2 DATABASE

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4

3

4

1112

5

no control

comparison of the data

use of climatic models

timing check

corr.-infeasivle dates

corect sequence

interphase duration

allowed period (constraints)

WG 2 DATABASE

Quality Checking: questionnaire on checking routines in use was sent and evaluated: Most frequent used visual and logical, less used statistical and spatial control,methods are frequently combined with each other - individual data treatment - need of very experienced phenologists

12

40

5

10

15

visual control no visual control

2

111

11

no statistical control

expected range of phen. dates

data corelation methods

optimal data fitting

outliers detection (3 sigma)

11

11111

spatial coherence / isophenasmapsoptimal data fitting

comparable stations

latitude bands

GIS tools

no controlA.Zust, 2006A.Zust, 2006

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WG 3 APPLICATIONS

increasing the increasing the knowledge knowledge concerning concerning relations relations between climate between climate and phenological and phenological phasesphases

A.Menzel et al., in Global A.Menzel et al., in Global Change Biology 2005)Change Biology 2005)

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WG 3 APPLICATIONS

Early spring phases – Early spring phases – high inter-annual high inter-annual variabilityvariability

Earlier springs - Earlier springs - larger spatial variabilitylarger spatial variability

A B C

average conditions

A‘ B‘ C‘

Freq

uenc

yFr

eque

ncy

Onset[DOY]

Onset[DOY]

recent yearsa b c

A B C

average conditions

A‘ B‘ C‘

Freq

uenc

yFr

eque

ncy

Onset[DOY]

Onset[DOY]

recent yearsa b c

Menzel et al. GEB 2006Menzel et al. GEB 2006

Fitter & Fitter Fitter & Fitter 20022002

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WG 3 APPLICATIONS

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WG 3 APPLICATIONS

……increasing the knowledge concerning relations between climate and phenological phases

the first really European wide analyses using 125 000 observational series of 542 plant and 19 animal species showed that 78% of all leafing, flowering and fruit ripening advanced and only 3% were significantly delayed in 1971 to 2000. while there was no clear signal for a later beginning of autumn characterized by leaf colouring and leaf fall. Temperature and phenological trends are significantly correlated thus the specious´ phenology is responsive to temperature of the proceeding month: mean advance of spring/summer 2.5 days per 1°C temperature increase

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WG 3 APPLICATIONS

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Impact of COST725

The Commission for Climatology CCl of WMO for the first time recommends phenological observations in the draft of the 3rd edition ” Guide to Climatological Practices” following the recommendation of COST725

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Impact of COST725

France network activitiesIreland project on “Climate change impacts on phenology: implications for terrestrial ecosystems” started in April 2008 Sweden and Austria launched interactive web page Switzerland 2 major phenological studies started

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European added value

By financing workshops, conferences and meetings, STSMs and giving action support grants the COST framework not only helped but made possible:

• standardisation of phenological observation methods in Europe

• developing of common data quality checking routines• creating a European wide database• publishing of European wide pheno-climate studies• triggering national activities • exchange of knowledge• promotion of young scientists

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Dissemination of results

COST725 was presented by the chair and by the COST office at many conferences (oral & posters), flyer, publications, contributions to NEWS from COST,

identifies, searches and collects information about phenological data and metadata that are stored in national archives. The observational rules and the performed quality checks prescribed by the agency responsible for the data are an essential part.

guidelines for theselection of phenological data from national data sets, assessment on the question of which data become part of the common final data set

will test and developfurther applications on how to use phenological data and especially the reference data set, resulting from the action

The methodsunder consideration

are primarily mappingof phenological phases

trend analysescorrelation between phenological phases

and other climate elements

Collection of the selected data physically from the

participating countries,

definition of data formats and

preparation of the

information to be stored and distributed

European phenological meta data; European phenological data platform; European Phenological Reference data set; Peer reviewed publications; Recommendations for observation and data quality control; Bi-annual status reports, Final report; Web site; Presentation on international conferences

The stem and backbone: WG 2 The The stem and backbone: WG 2 The DatabaseDatabase

chair Wolfgang Lipachair Wolfgang Lipa

The fruits: WG 3 The fruits: WG 3 ApplicationsApplications

chair Annette Menzelchair Annette Menzel

The roots: WG 1 Inventory of data and The roots: WG 1 Inventory of data and metadata metadata

chair Jiri Nekovarchair Jiri Nekovar

The HarvestThe Harvest

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Dissemination of results

the already mentioned meta analyses found a huge echo in the media e.g.:BBC news, SPIEGEL, CORDIS news

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Plans for the last year of COST725

Workshop on hostorical phenological data in November 2007 in Rome

Special Issue of Climate Research

Final scientific report

Phenological conference in Geisenheim/Germany March 2008 (combined with last MCM)

4 STSMs

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Life after COST

Possible follow up project in the frame of ECSN European Climate Support Network

proposal was presented at the ECSN meeting in Svalbord 15 – 18 June 2008

Positively evaluated some amendments & justifications are necessary though

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Thanks for your attention

725 cost essem monitoring event, helsinki 25 -26/06/08 establishing a european phenological data...

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