7.1 - the discovery of cellsinteractivebiology.s3.amazonaws.com/handouts/bioch7ho.pdf · section...
TRANSCRIPT
Ch 7: A View of the Cell
7.1 - The Discovery of Cells
Section 7.1
The History of the Cell Theory
The Cell Theory
2 Types of Microscopes
2 Basic Cell Types
Inside This Section...
The microscope was invented by _______________________
Dutch Scientist
First Microbiologist
The History of the Cell Theory
Section 7.1
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
The History of the Cell Theory
Section 7.1
The first person to see a cell (in cork) was __________________.
Observed cells in _______
The History of the Cell Theory
Section 7.1
_______________ Concluded that all _______ have Cells
German Botanist
The History of the Cell Theory
Section 7.1
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
_____________________ observed that _________ were also composed of cells
The History of the Cell Theory
Section 7.1
3 main ideas:
All living things are composed of one or more _______
The Cell is the basic unit of ______________ of organisms
All cells come from preexisting _______
The Cell Theory
Section 7.1
Uses ______ and ________
The _________ light Microscope used one lens and natural light (Leeuwenhoek)
The ___________ light microscope: Uses multiple lenses
Magnifies up to ______ times
The Light Microscope
Section 7.1
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Invented in the 1940s
Uses a beam of ____________
Magnifies up to 500,000 times
Two Kinds:
___________ electron microscope (SEM): Scans the surface of cells.
_____________ electron microscope (TEM): Allows for study of structures inside cells.
The Electron Microscope
Section 7.1
Microscope COmparison
Section 7.1
SEM
TEM
Two Basic Cell Types
Section 7.1
______________: Cells lacking internal membrane-bound structures
_____________: Cells containing internal membrane-bound structures
The membrane-bound structures are called ______________
Contains a nucleus: organelle that manages cellular function. First observed by ___________ _______. ____________________ concluded that it was responsible for cell division.
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.1
Two Basic Cell Types
Section 7.1
The History of the Cell Theory
The Cell Theory
2 Types of Microscopes
2 Basic Cell Types
In Review...
Section 7.1
Animal Cell Structure
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.1
Plant Cell Structure
Ch 7: A View of the Cell
7.2 - The Plasma Membrane
Section 7.2
Maintaining a Balance
The Plasma Membrane
The Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Inside This Section...
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
The Plasma membrane is the _________ between the cell and it’s ____________
Needs to let the good stuff (e.g. nutrients) in and the bad stuff (waste) out
The plasma membrane maintains _______________.
Maintaining a Balance
Section 7.2
Section 7.2
Maintaining a Balance
Maintains ______________: regulates internal environment [Good in (but not too much), Bad Out]
Selective ______________: Allows some molecules into the cell and keeps some out.
Some molecules can cross the plasma membrane (i.e. water). Others must go through _________ (i.e. Na, Ca, etc)
The Plasma Membrane
Section 7.2
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Composed of a ______________ bilayer.
A Lipid with a ___________ group attached
Has only 2 fatty acid tails
Forms a __________
The phosphate group forms the _______ head
The fatty acid tails form the __________ tail
Plasma Membrane Structure
Section 7.2
The membrane is fluid: It is flexible and ________________ can move in the membrane like water in a lake.
The membrane is mosaic: There are __________ embedded in the membrane that also move (like boats in the lake)
The Fluid Mosaic Model
Section 7.2
_______________: Helps stabilize the plasma membrane, and prevents the phospholipids from sticking together.
_______________________: Proteins that span the entire membrane and form channels for specific molecules to enter and leave (like a door).
Other Proteins and carbohydrates on the external surface: Helps with ______________.
Proteins on internal surface: Provides ______________ by attaching the plasma membrane to the cell’s internal structure.
Other Components
Section 7.2
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.2
Section 7.2
Maintaining a Balance
The Plasma Membrane
The Structure of the Plasma Membrane
In Review...
Ch 7: A View of the Cell
7.3 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.3
Cellular Boundaries
The Organelles
Support And Locomotion
Inside This Section...
Plasma membrane ______________ the cell
In plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protists, the _______ ______ surrounds the plasma membrane
Cellular Boundaries
Section 7.3
Cell Wall
Fairly _______
Provides support and ______________
Made up of the carbohydrate ____________
Has _______ to allow molecules through
Cellular Boundaries
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
The Nucleus is the ________ of the cell
Gives directions for the making of __________
The master set of directions is in _____________
During cell division, chromatin condenses to form _______________.
The Nucleus and Cell Control
Section 7.3
Inside the nucleus there is also the ______________
Makes ____________
Ribosomes are sites where proteins and other enzymes are made, according to instructions from ______
The Nucleus and Cell Control
Section 7.3
The Nuclear ____________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Made up of 2 phospholipid bilayers
Contains small ____________ _______
The Nucleus and Cell Control
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.3
The Cytoplasm
The ______ inside the
Cell
The endoplasmic reticulum: A series of highly folded membranes
Where cellular chemical __________ take place
Like a large ___________
Assembly and Transport
Section 7.3
Some parts have _____________ attached (rough endoplasmic reticulum - RER)
Others don’t (________ endoplasmic reticulum – SER)
Assembly and Transport
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
RER: Proteins made in the RER may:
form part of the _________ membrane
be ___________ from the cell
transported to other ______________
Assembly and Transport
Section 7.3
SER: involved in production and storage of ______.
Assembly and Transport
Section 7.3
The Golgi apparatus: flattened system of tubular membranes and vesicles
Modifies ___________
Sorts and ____________ proteins
It’s kind of like the post office: Sorts the mail and sends it to the right place
Assembly and Transport
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
A vacuole is a sac surrounded by membrane
Used for temporary storage of
_______
_________
_______
Plant cells usually have one large vacuole, animal cells have many _________ ones
Vacuoles
Section 7.3
Vacuoles
Section 7.3
Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive __________
They digest food particles, organelles and engulfed viruses or bacteria
Can fuse with ___________ and digest the contents.
Can also digest cells that contain them.
i.e. ________________
Lysosomes and Recycling
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
For all the cellular processes to happen, energy is needed
Two organelles provide that energy:
_________________ (in plants)
_______________ (in animals and plants)
Energy Transformers
Section 7.3
Chloroplasts are organelles that captures ______ energy and produces food to store for later
Has a ________ membrane (like the nucleus)
The inner membrane folds in to form stacks of membranous sacs called grana/____________.
Chloroplasts
Section 7.3
In the thylakoid membrane there is the green pigment called ______________
Traps light energy
Gives leaves and stems their _______ color
Chloroplasts
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Mitochondria produces energy in a form that can be used by the cell when necessary.
Has an outer membrane and a highly ________ inner membrane.
Provides large ________ ______.
Mitochondria
Section 7.3
_______________: forms the framework of the cell
Maintains shape
Composed of:
______________: thin hollow cylinders made of protein
________________: thin, solid protein fibers
Support and Locomotion
Section 7.3
______ and _________ : Structures that aid in locomotion and feeding.
Composed of pairs of microtubules, with a central pair surrounded by 9 additional pairs.
Cilia are short, numerous, hair-like projections that move in a wavelike motion
Flagella are ________ projections, move in a whip-like motion.
Support and Locomotion
Section 7.3
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com
Section 7.3
Cellular Boundaries
The Organelles
Support And Locomotion
In Review...
ww
w.Interactive-B
iology.com