7.1 introduction to arabic words
DESCRIPTION
intro to arabic wordsTRANSCRIPT
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 1
7.1
Unit 7.1: Introduction to Arabic Words
HOMEWORK
By the end of this lesson, I should be able to…
x Recognize, define and give examples of ism’s, fi’l’s, and harf’s
x Know the four properties of an ism
x Know the status of an ism in an English sentence
x Tell the status of an ism by ending sound or ending combination
x Recite the Muslim Chart by heart
1 – THREE KINDS OF WORDS IN ARABIC In all languages, we communicate using sentences. Sentences are composed of different kinds of words that come together to create a meaning. In the Arabic language, we have only 3 kinds of words. They are:
1) Ism اسم: The name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective, adverb and more.
2) Fi’l
A word that has a tense (past, present or future) : فعل
3) Harf
رف A word that needs another word with it in order to make :ح
sense.
2 – ISM STUDIES Isms are the first of the three kinds of words in Arabic that we will study. Recall that an ism is the name of a person, place, thing, idea, adjective, adverb or more.
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 2
2.1: The Properties of the Ism
We start our study of Arabic by studying the ism. Every ism has four properties:
status اب
س gender , عدد number ,إ
Every time you come .قسم and type جacross an ism you should be able to identify its four properties.
2.1.1 Properties of the Ism – Status (اب (إ
When studying the status of an ism we should first know: 1. The three forms of status 2. How to Tell Status 3. Light vs. Heavy 4. Flexibility
2.1.1.1 Properties of the Ism – Status – Three Forms of Status
There are three forms of status which can be identified in sentences that have an action. They are:
(SUBJECT) Doer of the act: فع
رفوع / ر
م Raf (R)
(OBJECT) Detail of the act: صوب /نصبن
م Nasb (N)
(POSSESSIVE) Word after ‘of’:
ر
جرور /ج
م Jarr (J)
Worked Examples:
A teacher entered the classroom. In the sentence above, the action is “entered”. The doer of the act is “teacher” therefore it is in the raf status. The word “classroom” answers the question “where did the teacher enter?” Since the word “classroom” provides more information about the action “entered” is it in the nasb status.
R N
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 3
The teacher’s student woke up suddenly. In English sometimes we have to create the word ‘of’. The phrase “teacher’s student” can be written as “student of the teacher”. Therefore the word teacher is really after-of even though the word ‘of’ is hidden here.
2.1.1.2 Properties of the Ism – Status – How to Tell
Now that we know the kinds of status, we need to know how to tell what status an ism is in. In English the status of a word depends on where the word is in the sentence. For example: Ahmed hit Zayd. The doer (Ahmed) comes first and the detail (Zayd) is second. If we change the order of the names and say Zayd hit Ahmed then now we have changed the statuses of Ahmed and Zayd. In Arabic, changing the order of the words does not change the status, rather the sounds at the end of the words tell us the status of the words. There are two basic ways to tell the status of an ism: ending combination or ending sound. Remember: When telling status look for ending combination FIRST and then look for ending sound.
J R N
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 4
The following table is a summary of the ending sounds and ending combinations.
فع
:Raf’ Recognition ر
◌ (u) or ◌ (un) ending sound for singular
آ (aa) or آن (aani) ending combination for pair
or (oo) و
ending combination for plural (oona) ون
or (aatu) آت
ending combination for plural feminine (aatun) آت
:Nasb Recognition نصب
◌ (a) or ◌ (an) ending sound for singular
ي ◌ (ay) or ◌ ين (ayni) ending combination for pair
ي ◌ (ee) or ◌ ين (eena) ending combination for plural
ending combination for plural feminine (aatin) آت or (aati) آت
ر
:Jarr Recognition ج
◌ (i) or ◌ (in) ending sound for singular
ي ◌ (ay) or ◌ ين (ayni) ending combination for pair
ي ◌ (ee) or ◌ ين (eena) ending combination for plural
ending combination for plural feminine (aatin) آت or (aati) آت
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 5
How to Tell Status Examples:
How do you say سلم ?in the following sentences م
1. A Muslim travelled across the sea
First ask yourself, is the word Muslim a doer, detail or after ‘of’? In this sentence the word “Muslim” is the doer, so it should be in the raf status. Since this is one Muslim, we will use the “un” ending sound:
سلم (doer, raf “un” ending sound) م
2. We met two Muslims on the way.
Is the underlined phrase “two Muslims” a doer, detail or after ‘of’? What status should it be? Will we use an ending sound or combination for “two Muslims?”
3. The houses of Muslims are always clean.
4. The Muslim women went to the masjid.
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 6
MASCULINE Plural ع Dual مثنى Singular مفرد
سلمونسلمان م
سلم م
م
Raf
سلمني م
سلمني
م سلما
Nasb م
سلمني م
سلمني
سلم م
Jarr م
FEMININE
سلماتسلمتان م
م
سلمة
م
Raf
سلمات م
سلمتني
سلمة م
Nasb م
سلمات م
سلمتني
سلمة م
Jarr م
BROKEN PLURAL الم
قلم قلمان أقRaf
الما
أق
قلمني Nasb قلما
الم
أق
Jarr قلم قلمني
Flexibility Forms How to Tell Light v. Heavy
Status
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 7
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR THE STUDENT
1. What are the three types of Arabic words? __________ __________ and _________
2. How many properties does the ism have and what are they? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
3. What are the three forms of status? __________ __________ and _________
4. Determine the status of the highlighted words in the following sentence (R=Raf’, N=Nasb, J=Jarr): My teacher likes shawarmas. ___ ______ _________
5. What is the status of the word
سلمني __________ ?م
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 8
IN-CLASS
TEACHER-LED DISCUSSION POINTS 1. A word that has a tense (past, present, or future) is called a ___________.
2. What is a harf?
3. In a sentence, the subject or doer of the act is in which status?
4. The word after ‘of’ is in which status?
5. There are two ways to tell the status of an ism. By ending _____________
or ending _____________.
TEACHER-LED ACTIVITIES Identify whether the words in the table below are isms, fi’ls or harfs.
Table –
يف – In كتب - Books طاو
Dallas –
– Intense ل – For دالس
شديد
Makes – جعلالم – Peace ي
- Tall س
طويل
From – من Sent - ل
ز – Believers أن
ؤمنني
م
Determine the status and place an R, N or J over the highlighted words.
1. My teacher drinks chocolate milk regularly.
2. He doesn’t like vegetables or fruits.
Arabic with Husna – Nahw Textbook
© 2014 Bayyinah Institute Page 9
3. He buys his chocolate milk happily.
4. My teacher also likes yummy shawarmas.
5. His students also like shawarmas.
6. He buys shawarmas for his class sometimes.
7. My teacher patiently explains hard concepts.
Give the status of the following words. Is it determined by sound or combo?
Word Status Word Status
تاب .1 الraf (ending sound) 2. الفيل
3.
العاديات .4 آيآت
والن .5
س
.6 ر
سلمون م
سجدين .7
.8 م
فأتني
9. ة
.10 فتي نارا