Form 10-300 (July 1969)

11: 19

COMMON:

WS-IRD (413)

St, Staui~laus·Se-m:ina.rv

The Rock· fui5Jdi~g, The- Tertian Building, The

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700.Howdersh Rod*

Florissant

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STATUS.

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CONDITION IJl Goad 0 Fair

(Check One)

0 Altered KJ Unaltered

(Chclr One)

0 Deteriorated

DEICllllaE THE .. 111:EIENT ANO ORIGINAL (It known) PHYSICAL. APPEARANCE

D Ruins 0 Unexpoud (Check One)

-0 Moved IXJ Original Site

Six educational and residential buildings surround the central quad-rangle of St, Stanislaus Seminary, including three buildings of nineteenth and three of twentieth-century origin, These Seminary buildings are situated on the east side of Howdershell Road, one-half mile south of the junction of Howdershell and Charbonier Roads, in Florissant, Missouri (St. Louis County), Included on the Seminary grounds are various other structures of religious and administrative function, but all are of later origin, An exception is the early brick barn located west of Howdershell Road opposite the quadrangle, The large tract upon which the barn is situated is being sold for residential development by the Missouri Province Educational Institute, the curators of St. Stanislaus Seminary. Likewise, the Province must dispose of the buildings constructed in more recent years, including .the Chapel (1923), the Novitiate (1950), and the new Juniorate (1942), These newer quarters, situated in a row north of the historic buildings, do not especially conform to the architecture of the early structures hereby presented for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. The Missouri Province Educational Institute is negotiating to sell the later buildings to a new occupant who has given assurances they will not structurally alter the three, but will need to signifi-cantly modify all interiors to conform to a new, possibly secular, function, The Jesuits will retain in their possession the Rock Building, the Tertian Building, the Juniorate, and approximately 100 acres of parkland fronting the three early structures. These his-toric buildings should be recognized as the St, Stanislaus Seminary Historic District.

The Rock Building, facing east-north-east away from the quadrangle, is a three-and-one-half story limestone-block building constructed in broken courses of cut stone in a modified Federal style of architecture, Completed in 1849, the Seminary remains today in nearly unaltered form. The east (primary) facade of the structure is divided into nine-bays, of which five are projected: three central and two end bays. Each bay contains a double-hung sash window of twelve-over-twelve lights on the first floor, an eight-over-twelve light on the second floor, and an eight-light casement window on the third. Basement windows are·six-light and of steel-frame design, obviously a iater addition, Stone lintels appear above all windows, Shutters (probably original) appear on the first, second and third floor windows, but not on the basement, and the absence of hooks suggest no shutters have ever been used on the ground floor windows. Entrance to the Rock Building is provided through a doorway in the central bay sheltered by a Greek Revival porch and surrounded by a rock stairway with concrete risers (probably a later addition or modifi-cation), A recessed doorway appears in the central bay at the second floor level, surrounded by several side-panel lights and embellished by a bracketed entablature and a statue of the Virgin Mary. A pediment three-bays in width rises modestly above the central bays

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D 18th Century KJ 19th Century

'"IECIP'IC DA.TEii) (lt Appllcable and Known) 1849-1971 ........ 0,. IIGNIP'ICANCI!. (Checlc One or More •• Appropriate)

Abo, ltlnal D Education 0 Politico! D Prehistoric 0 En9inHring IX] Religion/Pt,!. 0 Hlsterlc D Industry loaophy

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ITATCMIENT 01" IIGNlfl'ICANCE

0 20th Century

0 Urban Planning 0 Other (Specify)

The Rock Building at St, Stanislaus Seminary, -Florissant, Missouri, is significant as the earliest surviving structure at the first Jesuit novitiate established west of the Mississippi River, Completed in 1849, the Rock Building was the first permanent building at the novitiate, designed to replace less substantial structures which had quartered the seminary since its founding. (Gilbert J, Garraghan, Jesuits of the Middle United States, 1938, I, 604-606). St • Stanislaus Seminary was established in 1823 as a mission school to train Indian children from the neighboring tribes of the Missouri Valley. Built upon a farm in St, Louis County donated to the Society of Jesus by the Bishop of Louisiana, Bishop William DuBourg, the Indian school began instruction in the log farm buildings which had quartered DuBourg's tenant. By the fall of 1824 a large log cabin had been built to suppliment the farm dwellings, providing adequate facilities for the school. An additional frame house was erected on the site during 1828 and teaching continued in the wooden school buildings until completion of the Rock Building.

Construction of the Rock Building commenced in June, 1840, and the cornerstone was dedicated in 1844. (The Story of One-Hundred Years at St. Stanislaus Seminary, 1923, 3-4). Bricks for the walls were fired at the seminary and limestone blocks for the foundation and exterior were hauled overland from the bluffs of the Missouri River. Jesuit brothers, novices, and slaves in residence at St. Stanislaus· Seminary provided all of the labor necessary to complete the Rock Building, including blasting, transporting and cutting limestone used in the construction. The foundation was completed above the ground level before 1844. The Rock Building was dedicated in 1849, and the first mass in the new novitiate was said on July 29th of that year, One Jesuit resident boastfully described the edifice as "the beat building in the whole state of Missouri for solidity, convenience, and elegence." (Garraghan, I, 1938, 604).

Bishop DuBourg initially conceived the establishment of a seminary to minister to the Indians of the Louisiana Territory. The Bishop had reasoned that the spiritual needs of the tribes had been neg-lected and he had attempted to encourage individual Jesuit mission-aries to journey into the lower Missouri and Osage Valleys to

11 · 20

Biever, Albert H., The Jesuits Valley. New Orleans, Hauser

'.\'PS-IRD ( 413)

:in New o,Jeai:s and the M::i.ssissiPPi Printing Company, 1924.

Campbell, Thomas J., The Jesuits 1534-1921; A !listory 0£ che Soc.iety from its Foundation to the Present Time, VoL II. Ne,;; York: The F.n,cyclopedia Press, 192l.

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Form 10-300• (July 196')

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

STATE

Missouri NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY

INVENTORY. MOMIMATIOM FORM St.Louis Countv FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Continuation Sheet) ENTRYNUM9ER I DATE

I (N.-Mr all antrfee)

6. Ill ST.STANISLAUS SEMINARY THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

Missouri's State Published: 1928

Contribution to American Architecture (John A. Bryan)

The St, Louis. Architectural Club Code: 29

Historic American Buildings Survey National Historic American Buildings Survey National Park Service Washington, D.C. 20020 1941

Missouri State Historical Survey State Missouri State Park Board Box 176 1204 Jefferson Building Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 1971

Code:

Code:

One-Hundred Historic Buildings in St. Louis County Local St. Louis County Department of Parks and Recreation Clayton, Missouri 63105

08

29

1970 Code: 29

GPO 921.724

/

..

Form 10-300• (July 19'9)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

STATE

Missouri COUNTY

St, Louis Countv FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Continuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

7. Ill ST.STANISLAUS SEMINARY THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING.THE JUNIORATE

to a height equal to the peak of the roof, and a modest cornice appears along all nine bays, extending slightly along each side elevation. The size of the limestone building blocks is fairly con-sistent throughout all facades except larger stones are to be found in the quoin pattern, An octagonal columnated cupola projects from the middle of the slated gable-roof,

I

The west (rear) facade is quite similar ,to the front elevation, although most embellishments have been removed and the projected bays eliminated, The molded cornice reappears on the rear and the window pattern hall been duplicated from the main elevation. Stone lintels also appear above all windows. An archway similar to those at both ends of the buildings has been removed from the central bay, leaving a large scar from repair work. A smaller window and door have been added to the bay from which the passageway was removed, but the wall of the .Rock Building was patched with stones similar in size and texture to the original work. A stone stairway leading to the central rear door has obviously been added at a later date and the third-story window in the central rear bay deviates from all others at that level as it is a double-hung sash type.

The north and south facades of the Rock Building are quite similar, both being dominated by the chimney and parapet arrangement so typical of many ante-bellum Missouri homes. Windows in these two elevations follow a regular pattern: twelve-over-twelve lights on the first' floor, eight-over-twelve on the second, and casement windows in the third story. One small basement window in the south elevation has been closed with stone, probably at an early date, Two identical wooden archways project from the center of both north and south walls at the first and second stories to connect the Rock Building with two flanking structures.

The companion buildings south and north of the Rock Building, the Juniorate artd the Tertian Building, were constructed in 1898-1900 as additional residences and school facilities for the Seminary, Although the buildings were constructed of brick on a squared-rubble foundation, a certain architectural compatibility was maintained with the Rock Building, especially in the similarity of front porch design and the placement of statuary above the entranceway. In both buildings, however, a decorated gable dormer replaces the central pediment, and many vari-ations in roof style, window arrangement and cornice design appear, The companion buildings reflect a greater opulence and desire for splendor typical of late-Victorian construction, but many forms were

GPO 921.724

/

Fonn 10·300• (July 1'69)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

STATE

Missouri COUNTY HATIOHAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

IHVEHTORY. HOMIHATIOH FORM St. LoniR ,.._ ·~•v FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Confinuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

I (Nual)ar •II antrl••J

7, #2 ST. STANISLAUS SEMINARY .THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

obviously variations adopted from the older building, Both structures were built on a rectangular plan, with front facades divided into three-bays and side elevations of seven bays. The middle bay on both front elevations is projected similar to the Rock Building. Both the Juniorate and Tertian Building have truncated hip-roofs of slate, although dormers were added to the Tertian Building about 1930.The southern appendage to the Juniorate was added in 1914, giving the building an "L-plan" appearance. Although the style of the original building was carefully executed in the addition, the foundation of the newer wing is concrete and a mortar line is evident on the north wall. The Juniorate and Tertian buildings were both constructed of identical design with many similar embellishments, but subsequent modifications especially to the Juniorate have given this building a very unique appearance,

The front facades of both companion buildings are identical except for the use of double windows on the second and third floors of th~ Juniorate. Both structures have rounded-arch, two-over-two light windows on the first floor flanking an arched doorway. Second floor windows are likewise two-over-two light, double-hung sash type, but are em-bellished with a modest brick shelf above and a decorated lug sill below each pair of windows. Top floor windows do not feature the extensive brickwork but the lug sill is retained and third-floor windows in both central bays are framed in molded trim of stone. Brickwork on both building's is arranged in Flemish bond and a boxed cornice predominates with paired brackets separating the bays at the roofline. The walls of each elevation are articulated with recessed panels framing the window and door openings, and a stone belt divided each facade between the first and second floors,

The general pattern on the front facades is maintained on all other elevations of the companion buildings except for the rear wall of the Tertian Building which has a parapet gable and windows only in the middle bay. A passageway to a demolished building has been removed from this wall. Xhe south elevation of the Tertian Building also displays certain variations with regard to the placement of windows, and a one-story wooden bay has been appended at the center of the first floor.

The interiors of all three buildings exhibit a similarity of plan, The Rock Building once contained a chapel, but it had been removed to pro-vide classrooms and residential accommodations. Many similar rooms qf varying dimension flank a long north-south central corridor on each floor, and many of these rooms have been designated special functions,

GPU 921-724

/

f•nn 10·300• (J••, 1'6')

(lf.-ht afl Mfrfee)

7. #3

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

MATIOHAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

IHVEMTORY • NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

ST, STANISLAUS SEMINARY.

STATE

Missouri COUNTY

~. T ~ .. , D ~--·-·--

FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

I

THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

such as small libraries and offices, A similar plan predominates in the Tertian Building, which was. constructed as a school and dormatory, But the interior of the Juniorate, once quite similar to the Tertian Building, has been extensively remodeled for an infirmary and a library, But with the exception of the old addition to the Juniorate, and a modest number of window and door alterations, t.he three old Seminary buildings at St, Stanislaus remain basically intact as they were constructed.

Fom 10-300• (July 1969)

(Mahr •11 .,.,,,, .. )

8. #1

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

ST, STANISLAUS SEMINARY

STATE

Missouri COUNTY

St, Louis County FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER I DATE I

THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

proselytise. As early as 1820, the Bishop of Louisiana had been successful in convincing a few priests to venture into interior Missouri, where they ministered principally to the Osage tribe, baptising many children and spreading the Faith,(William B, Faherty, Better the Dream, St, Louis: University and Community 1818-1968, 1968,.11-12. Nina Dossantos [(trans.)], "Letters Concerning Some Missions of the Upper Mississippi Valley, A.D. 1818-1827,"Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia; XIV, (1903), 141-153). The receptiveness of the tribesmen to the Jesuit "Black Robes" encouraged DuBourg to petition the United States Government for financial assistance in the missionary endeavor. The Bishop further-more assured President Monroe that the Jesuits would secure the loyalty of the tribes to the American Republic, (John Rothensteiner, History of the Archdiosces of St, Louis, 1673-1928, I, 1928, 322), Following a lengthy communication with Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, Bishop DuBourg became aware that a mor,e effective method of ~civilizing" the tribes was to bring young Indians to a mission school near a major settlement where the childrens' contact with white society would be more intensive and complete.

The Bishop's plan for the establishment of an Indian school in Missouri coincided with an increasing interest in Indian affairs within the Monroe Administration. Liberated temporarily from foreign eonsider-ations through the Monroe Doctrine, the Administration had begun to emphasize internal matters after 1823, and the problems of tranquility with frontier Indians commanded special attention. Since the mission-ary aspirations of Bishop DuBourg were compatible with the Government's Indian policy, Secretary Calhoun promised financial assistance if the Bishop could persuade a Jesuit order to establish a school for Indian instruction near St, Louis, Congress had appropriated $10,000 for maintenence of such schools, and the Administration had agreed to sub-sidize two-thirds of the construction cost. (Rothensteiner, 1928, I, 322. [(Calhoun's circular, dated February, 1820, is published in American Catholic Historical Researches, X, 154-159)]), Calhoun furthermore promised a grant of $200 per annum for each missionary the Bishop dispatched among the tribes of his diosces.

Encouraged by the promise of Government support, the Bishop offered his farm in Florissant to any Jesuit province desiring to send mission-aries to the Missouri frontier to establish s seminary and Indian school. Writing to Calhoun in March, 1823, Bishop DuBourg stated the seminary would be used to study "the manners of the Indians, , , and the arts best adapted to the great purpose of civilization." Convinced of

GPU 921,724

./

Fo1111 10-300• (July 196'1

(Nmtltff all MlrlH)

8. #2

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT DF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

ST. STANISLAUS SEMINARY

STATE

Miasouri COUNTY

.·

Form 10-300• (Jul, 1969)

8. #3

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

ST. STANISLAUS SEMINARY

STATE

Missouri COUNTY

,...._ T --·J,,,, FOR HPS USE OHL Y

ENTRY NUMBER I D4TE

I

THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

between 1898 and 1900. Both structures were intended to provide facilities for students receiving instruction at more advanced levels,

· and with three independent buildings, the Novitiate, Tertianship, and Collegiate Seminary Program at St. Stanislaus could be maintained in individual quarters. The Tertian Building, north of the Rock Building, furnished housing and classrooms for students within three years of completion of their seminary instruction. A separate facility had been deemed essential to allow the Tertian Priests 1119re complete isolation from the novices and to afford an environment more conducive to the study ~f spiritual writings. The Tertianship was-transferred to Cleveland, Ohio, about 1910, and the building at St. Stanislaus thereafter became a residence for Brothers and Priest Teachers. The companion structure south of the Rock Building, the Juniorate, had quartered students in the Collegiate Seminary Program at St. Stanislaus but since 1942 it has been an infirmary, an administration building, and an extension of the novitiate. The original Juniorate was ex-tensively enlarged in 1914, and in 1960 the second floor of the building was redesigned as a library. The Tertian and Juniorate Buildings were built by contract labor, rather than by Jesuit residents as was the Rock Building.

St. Stanislaus Seminary, the earliest Jesuit novitiate west of the Mississippi, provided personel for other Jesuit schools throughout the west. The most important of these institutions, St. Louis University, grew from an academy established by the Bishop of Louisiana in 1818, but was ·administered from St. Stanislaus after 1829. (Faherty, 1968, 19-20. Rothensteiner, 1928, I 354-356. Walter H. Hill, S.J., Historical Sketch of St. Louis University, 1879, 10-40). Jesuits from St. Stanislaus also established a similar novitiate in Georgetown, Kentucky, a high school for boys in St. Louis, and numerous missions on the upper Missouri, Columbia, Snake, and Willamette Rivers in the American west. Fathers and Brothers from the Florissant seminary also founded St. Francis Mission at Fort Pierre, Dakota Territory, St. Marys College in Kansas, and later preached in the interior ranges of the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. Many other colleges and high schools were established by Jesuits from St. Stanislaus during the nineteenth century, including Creighton University in Omaha, Loyola University in Chicago, and Marquette University in Detroit.

The Seminary at St. Stanislaus was closed by the Society of Jesus in August, 1971. As the removal of the frontier necessitated a change in Jesuit teaching methods, so today have the problems of urban America persuaded the Society to abandon the isolation of the rural seminary·:

GF'U 9Zl-72A

/

•

" '

Fom1 10~300• (July 196')

,,....., .,, _,,, .. , 8. #4

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

ST, STANISLAUS SEMINARY

STATE

\.u .......... uri COUNTY

C:t-. T-·1.fC! I

FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER I DATE I

THE ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

and orient their ministry toward the central city, Appropriately the Collegiate Seminary Program has been transferred from Florissant to an inner-city location, Fusz Memorial, near the campus of St, Louis University, and the novitiate has been relocated at Rockhurst College in Kansas City. The Society will, however, preserve the nineteenth century buildings at St. Stanislaus Seminary, and will restore the Rock Building as a museum of Jesuit instruction, including many original furnishings constructed by the novices and used in the seminary since the 1850's. (Father Charles McDermott, Jesuit Faculty, St, Louis University, interviewed by Stephen J, Raiche, staff, Missouri State Historical Survey and Planning Office, September 22, 1971), The Society of Jesus has offered the remainder of the seminary buildings (constructed between 1923 and 1960) for sale to a small Protestant college desiring classroom facilities,

GP'O 9Z1.72.4

/

Form 10-lOOe UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STA.TE (Joly 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Missouri

HATIOHAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY

IHVEHTORY. HOMIHATIOH FORM St, Louis Countv

FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER I DATE (Continuation Sheet) I

(If_ .... ·" .,.,,., •• ,

9, Ill ST. STANISLAUS SEMINARY . ' TH~ ROCK BUILDING, THE TERTIAN BUILDING, THE JUNIORATE

Chittenden, Hiram, and Richardson, Alfred T,, Life, Letters and Travels of Father Pierre-Jean Desmet, S,J,. 4 Vols. New York: Francis P. Harper, 1905.

Daly, Leo H. Comprehensive Services, Florissant Old Town-Phase One Report, St. Louis: Leo H. Daly Comprehensive Services, 1967.

Desmet, Father Pierre-Jean, S.J,, Letters and Sketches, With a Narrative of a Year's Residence among the Indian Tribes of the Rocky Mountains, Philadelphia: M, Fithian, 1843.

Dossantos, Nina (trans.)," Letters Concerning Some Missions of the Ml.ssissippi Valley, A,D, 1818-1827," Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, Vol, XIV (1903), 141-216.

Faherty, William B., Better the Dream, St. Loui11 University and Community 1818-1968, St. Louis: Art Craft Press, 1968.

Garraghan, Gilbert J, 1 Jesuits in the Middle United States. New York: America Press, 1938.

Glennon, John Joseph, "The Comming of the Jesuit Fathers to St, Louis," St. Louis Catholic Historical Review, Vol V, (1923), 93-98,

Hill, Walter H., S,J,, Historical Sketch of St. Louis University, St, Louis: Patrick Fox Publisher, 1879,

McDermott, Father Charles, S,J,, Jesuit Faculty, St, Louis University, interviewed by Stephen J, Raiche, staff, Missouri State Historical Survey and Planning Office, September 22,1971, On file at the Missouri State Park Board, Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101.

Rothensteiner, John, History of the Archdiosces of St, Louis, 1673-1928, 2 Vols,, St. Louis: Blackwell Wielandy Company, 1928.

The Story of One-Hundred Years at St, Hoffman Preas, 1923(?),

Stanislaus Seminary, St, Louis:

G~U 921-724

/

Photo Log:

Name of Property: St. Stanislaus Seminary

City or Vicinity: Florissant

County: St. Louis County State: MO

Photographer: MO Province Educational Institute Date Photographed: 1971 Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera: 1 of 5. Primary elevation, Rock Building, E to W. 2 of 5. The Juniorate, SE to NW, showing primary elevation and S addition. Rock Building in background. 3 of 5. The Tertian Building and Rock Building, primary elevations. NE to SW. 4 of 5. Rock Building prior to construction of the Tertian Building, S to N. Building in foreground has been destroyed. 5 of 5. The Museum of the Western Jesuit Missions at 700 Howdershell Rd. in Florissant was built in the 1840s to serve as home of a Jesuit Seminary on the American frontier.