7 minutes

Allied Powers

FranceFrance

Charles De Gaulle

Led opposition against Germany after they took over France

Allied Powers

Great BritainGreat Britain

Winston Churchill

Great orator and leader who kept British citizens from giving up

Churchill

Allied Powers

Soviet Union Soviet Union (Russia)(Russia) Joseph Stalin Great Purge –

killed all people who opposed his rule or spoke against Soviet Union

Stalin

Allied Powers

FDR and Harry Truman

FDR

Franklin D. RooseveltDies on April 12, 1945

Vice President assumes role ofPresident. Sees the country through he last few months of war – makes decision on the atomic bomb

Axis Powers

ItalyItaly Benito

Mussolini Promised a

new Roman Empire

Mussolini

Bully

Axis Powers

JapanJapan Emperor Hirohito Wanted full

political and economic control of Pacific

Believed in militarism and military run society

Hirohito

JapanJapan

Prime Minister Hideki TojoResponsible

for all military operations during the war

Tojo

Axis Powers

Germany Germany Adolph Hitler Leader of Nazi

political party Blamed Jews for all

of Germany’s economic problems

Since 1933, built up troops in Rhineland

Hitler

September 1, 1939September 1, 1939

Germany invades Poland after being warned not to invade by France and Great Britain

Official start of World War II

Start of WW II in Europe In August 1939 Germany and the

Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact.

In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland

France and Britain (Poland’s allies) declared war on Germany.

The Nazis succeeded in a “blitzkrieg” of Poland and quickly continued to move west.

Polish city of Wieluń just after German bombing,1st of September 1939

Early Battles of WW IINext, France fell to the Nazis

in 1940.Throughout 1940-41, Germany attacked Britain with bombing raids, but the Royal Air Force withstood the attacks, and Hitler never invaded Britain.

German troops enter Paris June 14, 1940

U.S. U.S. “NEUTRALITY”“NEUTRALITY” Many ISOLATIONISTS in the

U.S. opposed getting involved in Europe because

1. WWI had caused financial debt2. Many believed that the

manufacturers only wanted war to profit economically

3. Death from WWI was still fresh in people’s memories

U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”The U.S. declared official

neutrality, however, after Poland fell, Congress allowed “cash-and-carry”: The U.S. would sell arms to the Allies if they paid in cash and carried the goods away on their own ships

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U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”After France fell, FDR transferred 50 WWI destroyers to Britain in return for the use of bases in Newfoundland and the Caribbean.

“Destroyers for bases”

U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”While Britain suffered from the

Nazi air raids night and day in 1940, Congress passed the first peacetime draft in U.S. History

After FDR was re-elected to a third term, he urged Congress to provide more direct aid to the Allied nations.

U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”Congress passed the Lend Lease Act in 1941, which provided the Allies with weapons and supplies on credit.

FDR said it was like “lending a garden-hose to a next-door neighbor whose house was on fire.”

U.S. “NEUTRALITY”U.S. “NEUTRALITY”• To make sure the Allied

countries received the supplies, the U.S. Navy protected American merchant ships, and eventually, merchant ships were armed.

• By the fall of 1941, ships were instructed to “shoot on sight” any German submarine

Japanese aggressionIn 1937Japan invaded China and Manchuria

WHY?The U.S. placed an embargo on oil & steel to Japan.

RESOURCES!

Japanese aggressionJapan and the U.S. attempted to negotiate, but Japan refused to withdraw from China.

Japan attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941

Japanese aggression• FDR said this was “a date that

will live in infamy.”• The attack on Pearl Harbor

caused the U.S. to declare war on Japan on December 8, 1941

• Soon, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

FDR signing the declaration of war with Japan

infamy

U.S. preparation for U.S. preparation for warwarGovernment rationed some products.

U.S. preparation for U.S. preparation for warwarWar bonds & income taxes funded the war.

U.S. preparation for U.S. preparation for warwarFactories made war-time products.

U.S. preparation for U.S. preparation for warwarSelective service (draft) put more men in the army.

Building MoraleBuilding MoraleGovernment censored the media.

Ad campaigns and patriotic movies and newsreels kept up public morale.

Newsreel

Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIIAfrican-Americans fought in segregated units, like the Tuskegee Airmen.

Tuskeegee

Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIIJapanese-Americans fought in segregated Nisei Regiments.

Nisei

Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIIMexican-Americans fought in integrated units.

Minorities in WWIIMinorities in WWIINative American Navajo Code-Talkers tricked the Japanese.

HOW? The Japanese could not figure out the

messages because Navajo is a language, not a code.

Code Talkers

Minorities had many casualties & won many medals.

African-Americans and

women moved to northern cities to work in factories.

Minorities in WWII

Rosie the Riveter

War Strategies--AXISIn 1941,Germany turned against the U.S.S.R., who had been an ally before.

Germany hoped to use blitzkrieg (lightning war) to defeat the U.S.S.R. & Britain before the U.S. could get organized.

War Strategies--AXISJapan hoped to conquer so much land that the U.S. would be scared to fight.

War Strategies--ALLIES “defeat Hitler first” before dealing with Japan

When the U.S. entered the war this was the deal FDR made with Churchill

Defeat him first!

War Strategies--ALLIESIn the Pacific, the U.S. went “island hopping,”

conquering one small island after another on the way to Japan.

First Major Allied Victory In North Africa, the

Germans wanted Middle Eastern oil and control of the Suez Canal.

The British defeated them at El Alamein in 1942.

El Alamein

Turning PointsThe Allies invaded Normandy on the French coast

D-Day, June 6, 1944. Allies pushed west through France until they reached Germany in 1945.

Normandy

D-Day

Soviets defeated Germans at Stalingrad after a long siege July 17, 1942-January 31, 1943.

The Germans were forced to retreat west from the USSR, and they were being pushed east out of the Mediterranean at the same time by the Allies.

Turning Points

Stalingrad

Turning PointsMidway was the first U.S. defeat of Japan in the Pacific in 1942.

This battle started the “island-hopping” campaign.

Midway

Turning PointsThe U.S. won bloody battles for Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 as they approached the Japanese mainland.

Many Japanese pilots committed suicide by kamikaze attacks during these battles.

Iwo JimaOkinawa

End of WWIIHitler shot himself, and Germany surrendered.

V-E Day: May 8, 1945

End of WWIIU.S. dropped two atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan on Aug. 6 and 9.

V-J Day: Aug. 15, 1945

Results of the

War

Japanese InternmentOut of fear that Japanese in America were spies they were sent to camps.

In 1942 FDR issued Executive Order 9066 which ordered the internment of over 110,000 Japanese-AmericansInternment

Japanese InternmentMany lost property & money and faced prejudice.

The Supreme Court upheld the internment in Korematsu v. U.S.

The U.S. has since apologized and provided compensation

The Geneva Convention set the standards for international law for humanitarian concerns.

Bataan Death March killed many U.S. POWs in the Philippines as their Japanese captors moved them from one camp to another

Hitler’s Final SolutionTargeted Jews, Gypsies, Poles, Slavs, and “undesirables” (mentally ill, homosexuals, and political dissidents).

About12 million were killed.

Genocide: systematic killing of a particular group of people

Path to Genocide

Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes.

This increased the desire for a Jewish homeland, Israel, which was

established in 1948.

Israel