7. java petroleum geology
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7. JAVA
by : Awang Harun Satyana Borrobudur temple, Central Java
Petroleum Geology of Indonesia : Current KnowledgePre-Convention Course, The 33rd IPA Annual Convention and Exhibition
Jakarta, 3 – 4 May 2008
JAVA
Quaternary volcanoes
Sunda-AsriBasin
South West Java Basin
North West/West Java Basin
South Central Java Basin
Southern Slope
North East/East Java BasinNorthern SlopeBogor – Kendeng Trough
MADURA
J A V A S E A
N
200 KM
J A V A
Belitung Basin
Oligo-Miocene volcanic-magmatic arc
Miocene-Pliocene deepwater sedimentattion
Geologic Setting of Java
Satyana and Armandita (2003)
Sedimentary basin
SECTION OF WEST JAVA
SECTION OF EAST JAVA
SECTION OF CENTRAL JAVA
S N
Smyth et al. (2003)
Schematic Cross Sections of Java
NW Java Basinal Area
Noble et al. (1997)
Noble et al. (1997)
Oil and Gas Fields of NW Java Basin
Noble et al. (1997)
Northwest Java Basin
• This back-arc basin is extensive and complicated, comprising a number of north-south oriented half graben and sub-basins situated on the southernmost edge of the Sunda platform (Reksalegora et al., 1996).
• Hydrocarbon accumulations are abundant, and both oil and gas arereservoired in stacked volcaniclastic, carbonate, and coarse siliciclastic beds (Noble et al., 1997).
• The Northwest Java basin is now considered to be mature, with the distribution of upper Talang Akar sands and Miocene carbonate buildups being fully understood.
• Considerable potential for small-to medium-sized fields may remain in the syn-rift Jatibarang formation, lower Talang Akar formation, and deep Batu Raja carbonates.
West Java regional tectonic map and west-east schematic cross sectionSuyono et al. (2005)
Suyono et al. (2005)
Wells Drilled Based on Anticline Play Concept
Suyono et al. (2005)
Thrust Fault Anticline Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin
Suyono et al. (2005)
High Trend Play Concept in Onshore Northwest Java Basin
DEEP EXPLORATION CONCEPT
Suyono et al. (2005)
Deep Exploration Play Concept in Onshore
Northwest Java Basin
Suyono et al. (2005)
Exploration Play Concepts in Onshore Northwest Java Basin
Sunda Basin Petroleum System
Pertamina BPPKA (1996)
South Arjuna Sub-Basin Petroleum System
Pertamina BPPKA (1996)
Noble et al. (1997)
Sunda-Asri-NW Java Basinmigration pathways
Noble et al. (1997)
East Java Basin • The East Java basin is the most structurally and stratigraphically complex of
the Indonesian back-arc basins. • In terms of reservoir facies, which range from Eocene non-marine sands to
Pleistocene volcaniclastics, and also in terms of petroleum systems, it is one of the most diverse.
• The picture is complicated by very diverse lithostratigraphic schemes used by companies that have explored different parts of the basin. These have yet to be satisfactorily reconciled across the basin.
• Although the East Java basin is widely explored, potential still remains for significant oil and gas discoveries in the Eocene syn-rift clastic, deepwater-facies Ngrayong sands, Kujung and Rancak reefs, Pliocene Munduglobigerinid limestones, and Pleistocene volcaniclastic.
• Well-developed infrastructure and nearby industrial market in East Java will absorb every new discovery.
• The East Java Basin is the most wanted area in Indonesia for bidding petroleum acreage from 2000-2005, making it a “hot spot” in exploration.
Regional tectonic setting of Java Manur and Barraclough (1994)
NE Java Basinal Area Major Tectonic Elements
Latief et al. (1990)
Solo Zone KendengZone
Randublatung Zone Rembang – Madura Zone
Madura Strait Madura Island
Kambing Isl.Ketapang Isl.
0 50
S
Eocene / Oligocene
Miocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
100 km
Pliocene
Uvan Bemmelen (1949)
Configuration of East Java basin
6º S
8º S
7º S
111º E 113º E 115º E
NORTHERN PLATFORM
CENTRAL HIGH
KARIMUNJAWA ARCH MASALEMBO HIGH
LOMBOK BASIN
REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE
KENDENG-RANDUBLATUNG-JAVA CENTRAL DEPRESSION
QUATERNARY VOLCANOES
50 KM
N
SOUTHERN UPLIFT
CENTRAL DEEP
Geologic Setting of East Java Basin
Satyana and Darwis (2001)
Johansen (2003)Generalized stratigraphy of the East Java Basin
6º S
8º S
7º S
111º E 113º E 115º E
NORTHERN PLATFORM
CENTRAL HIGH
CENTRAL DEEP
SOUTHERN UPLIFT
REMBANG-MADURA-KANGEAN-SAKALA INVERTED ZONE
NGIMBANG TRENDKUJUNG TREND
50 KM
TAWUN TRENDNGRAYONG TREND
HIGH CO2 CONTENT (25-80 %)
N
Hydrocarbon Habitats of East Java Basin Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)
Kuti-KrukaLidahLedok SekarkorongNgiono-Tawun
CiplukKertegeneh
Banyubang Tawun-Gegunung
van Bemmelen (1949)
Old Oil Fields of East Java Basin
Old oil fields (Kawengan and others) of Ngrayong-Wonocolo sands, Cepu
Soetantri et al. (1973)
KARIMUNJA
WA ARCH
BAWEAN ARCH
NORTH MADURA PLATFORM
JS - 1 R
IDGE
C E N
T R
A L
D E
E P
EAST CEPU HIGH
PATI TROUGH
MURIAH TROUGH
B D R I D G E
50 KMS
WEST CEPU HIGH
CAMAR TROUGH
N G I M B A N G TROUGH
BD NORTH HALF GRABENKENING
T R O U G H KEMANDUNG RIDGE
MASALEMBO BASIN
Depositional Facies of the Oligo-Miocene Carbonates of the East Java Basin
PATCHREEF OVER PLATFORM
FRINGINGREEF AT RIM OF BASEMENT
LAGOONAL LIME MUD MOUND
SHELF EDGE BARRIER REEF
PINNACLE REEF OVER OFFSHORE ISOLATED PLATFORM
MADURA SUB-BASIN
X X R I D
G E
N
SHELF EDGE
Satyana and Darwis (2001)
SUNDALAND
KARIMUNJAWAARCH
MURIAH TROUGH
BAWEAN ARCH
WEST FLORENCETROUGH
JS - 1 RIDGENORTH MADURA
PLATFORM
Oligo-Miocene Shelf EdgeEAST JAVA DEPOCENTER
SOUTHERN JAVA GEANTICLINE
LATE CRETACEOUS - EARLY TERTIARY
SUBDUCTION
WNW
SSE
LAND-ATTACHED PLATFORM
OFFSHORE ISOLATED PLATFORM
EAST CEPU HIGH
BD RIDGE
SOUTH BD GRABENNORTH BD GRABEN
CENTRAL DEEP
TUBAN TROUGH
NGIMBANG TROUGH
reef
Oligo-Miocene carbonate development on segmented East Java basement
reef
platform
SCHEMATIC, NO SCALE
Future RMKS Fault Zone
Satyana and Darwis (2001)
6º S
8º S
7º S
111º E 113º E 115º E
KARIMUNJAWA ARCH
MURIAH TROUGH
BAWEAN ARCH
FLORENCE TR
OUGH
CENTRAL
DEEP
MASALEMBO TROUGH
MASALEMBO HIGH
JS-5 TROUGHNORTH MADURA PLATFORM
SIBARU PLATFORM
JS-1 RIDGE
EAST CEPU HIGHWEST CEPU HIGH
KEMANDUNG RIDGE
BD RIDGENGIMBANG DEEP
PATI TROUGHTUBAN/BAWEAN TROUGH
KENING TROUGH
CENTRAL HIGH
SOUTH HIGH
SOUTH MADURA BASIN
shelf edge
BIOGENIC GAS FIELDTHERMOGENIC GAS FIELD (WITH CONDENSATE)OIL FIELD (SOME WITH GAS)
O P E N S E A
LANDMASS
50 KM
N
Bukit Tua-Jenggolo
Banyu Urip
L a n d - a t t a c h e d p l a t f o r m s
offshore isolated platforms
Mudi
Sukowati
BD
KE 40KE 23
KE 2 KE 30
Camar
Ujung Pangkah
Sidayu Poleng
Payang
XX RIDGE
Paleogeography of East Java Basin during PaleogeneSatyana and Darwis (2001)
KARIMUNJA
WA ARCH
BAWEAN ARCHNORTH MADURA PLATFORM
JS - 1 R
IDGE
C E N
T R A
L
D E E
P
EAST CEPU HIGHPATI T
ROUGH
MURIAH TROUGH
B D R I D G E
NN50 KMS
OLIGO-MIOCENE CARBONATES
MIOCENE SHELF EDGE
WEST CEPU HIGH
CAMAR TROUGH
N G I M B A N G TROUGH
BD NORTH HALF GRABENK E N I N
G T R O U G H
KEMANDUNG RIDGE
MASALEMBO BASIN
OLIGO-LAMONGAN DEEP
M A D U R A SUB- B A S I N
KITCHEN & HC MIGRATION PATHWAY
J A V A G E A N T I C L I N E
E. BAWEAN TROUGH
Banyu Urip
XX R I D G E
Satyana and Purwaningsih (2002)
HC Charging of the Oligo-Miocene carbonates, East Java Basin
INVERTED CENTRAL TROUGH SOUTHERN BASIN
THRUST FLAT ABOVE FOOTWALL
MULTIPLE
N S
Bransden & Matthews (1992)
FOOTWALL BLOCK INVERTED
EXTENSIONAL FAULT
7º
S
NORTHERN PLATFORM
CENTRAL DEEP
SOUTHERN UPLIFT
INDEX MAP
Inverted structure of the RMKS fault zone in the Sakala area
30 KM
Ardhana (1993)
Deepwater fans of the East Java Basin
MADURA STRAIT ONSHORE EAST JAVA NE JAVA SEA
BASIN SHELF
sea levelSLOPE
S N
sea level
DEPOSITIONAL UNITS
CROSS-BEDDED SHELF/SLOPE SANDSTONESSANDY TURBIDITE BODIES
LIMESTONES
CONTOURITE PODS
MUDSTONES
KUJUNG FM OR OLDER REEFS
BASEMENT
KUJUNG
NGRAYONG
KE 11 GKE 11 EKE 11 C
BD - 1
Ardhana (1993)
I
IIIII
II
I II III
Middle Miocene deepwater plays of East Java Basin
Paleogene carbonates of East Java : prolific reservoirs
Globigerinid Deposition in East Java Basin Schiller et al. (1994)
Volcaniclastic Deposits of East Java Willumsen and Schiller (1994)
Southwest Java Basin
• The basin was drilled by Ujung Kulon-1 (Amoco, 1970s) and Malingping -1 (British Gas, 1999). Both wells are dry holes.
• The basin had a complicated post-rift Neogene tectonic history.• The Eocene Bayah formation and the Eocene Ciletuh formation arenites
demonstrate excellent reservoir (Keetley et al., 1997; Schiller et al., 1991).• Although not of lacustrine affinity, the deltaic Bayah formations deposited in
SW Java basin provide evidence for the development of reservoir and source facies in the syn-rift stage of fore-arc development.
• Turbiditic fan sands in the SW Java basin also demonstrate excellent reservoir potential.
• Numerous oil seeps were encountered in onshore Bayah area. • A rapid increase in geothermal gradient in the Pliocene-Pleistocene is
recognized (Soenandar, 1997) – also recognized in Sunda, Asri, NW Java basins.
Yulianto et al. (2007)Physiography of Southwest Java
Yulianto et al. (2007)
Keetley et al. (1997)
Clement and Hall (2007)
Late Eocene Paleogeography of Western Part of Java
Banyumas-South Central Java Basins• Numerous oil seeps were encountered in Banyumas area. • The Banyumas Basin was drilled by Cipari-1 (BPM), Karang Nangka-1, Gunung
Wetan-1, Karang Gedang-1 (Pertamina), Jati-1 (Lundin)• Some wells encountered oil and gas shows. The wells could not penetrate
deeper horizons due mechanical trouble of overpressured shales. • Potential reservoirs are late Miocene Halang-Rambatan volcaniclastic sands,
early Miocene Kalipucang reefs, Oligo-Miocene Gabon volcaniclastic sands, and middle Eocene Nanggulan deltaic quartzitic sands, folded and faulted in late Miocene time.
• Potential sources are middle-late Eocene Nanggulan/Karangsambung shales(TOC up to 7.5 %) and early Miocene bituminous shales of Kalipucang/Pemaliformations (TOC up to 15.6 %), presently are within early-mid mature window (Muchsin et al., 2002).
• Offshore South Central Java basin has been drilled by Alveolina-1 and Borelis-1 (Jawa Shell, early 1970’s) offshore south Yogyakarta. Alveolina-1 encountered excellent reservoir of middle-late Miocene Wonosari carbonates. Borelis-1 missed the reservoir due to facies changes to shales. The both wells are dry due to no HC charging (Bolliger and Ruiter, 1975).
Satyana (2005, 2006, 2007)
North Serayu Basin, Central Java was ancient deep water basin. Presently, it is uplifted onshore deformed zone.
van Bemmelen (1949)Satyana and Armandita (2004)
south northdeep water sedimentation
opportunity for hydrocarbons generation, migration, and entrapment
northern Central Java
Prolific Hydrocarbon Seeps in Central Java and Bogor-North Serayu Troughs
Armandita et al. (2009)
Hydrocarbon seeps along high areas from Kuningan to Banyumas area
Armandita et al. (2009)
Early to Middle Miocene lithofacies
Stratigraphic correlation from Borelis-1 to Alveolina-1
Tectonic setting of South Central Java forearc basin
Exploring petroleum potential of Early-Middle Miocene
carbonates in South Central Java forearc basin
modified after Bolliger and de Ruiter (1975)
C B A
ATcoral boundstone with branching corals bafflestone
encrustring red algae with some pores development (white colored)
Facies relationship of Wonosari carbonates
Tectonic setting
Framework for petroleum opportunity of Middle-Late
Miocene Wonosari carbonates, South Central Java
modified after Hehuwat & Siregar (2004)
Shallow cores from locations near Nanggulan, Central Java. These Eocene fluvio-deltaic shallow marine (1,2), shoreface (3,4), and distributary channel (5-8) sands are potential reservoir sands. Netherwood (2000)