7 head and neck anatomy. 2 landmarks of the face and oral cavity landmarks of the face labial...
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3 Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity Landmarks of the oral cavity –Vestibule –Vestibule fornix –Labial mucosa –Buccal mucosa –Parotid papilla –Stensen’s ductTRANSCRIPT
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Head and Neck Anatomy
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Landmarks of the faceLabial tubercle
Labial commissure
Vermilion border
Labiomental groove
Vermilion zone
Nasolabial groove
Philtrum
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Landmarks of the oral cavity– Vestibule– Vestibule fornix– Labial mucosa– Buccal mucosa– Parotid papilla– Stensen’s duct
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Landmarks of the oral cavity– Linea alba– Fordyce's spots– Alveolar mucosa– Gingiva– Labial frenum– Buccal frenum
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Palate area of the oral cavity– Hard palate
• Incisive papilla• Palatine raphe• Palatine rugae• Torus
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Palate area of the oral cavity– Soft palate
• Uvula• Anterior tonsillar pillars• Posterior tonsillar pillars• Palatine tonsils• Fauces
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Palate area of the oral cavityUvula Incisive papilla
Palatine tonsils
Fauces
Palatine rugae
Palatine raphe
Anterior tonsillar pillar
Posterior tonsillar pillar
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Landmarks of theFace and Oral Cavity
• Tongue– Dorsal or top
• Sulcus terminalis• Circumvallate papilla• Filiform papillae• Fungiform papillae• Foliate papilla• Median sulcus
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Landmarks of theFace and Oral Cavity
• Tongue– Ventral or underside
• Lingual frenum• Lingual veins• Fimbriated folds
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Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
• Floor of the mouth– Sublingual caruncles– Sublingual folds– Sublingual sulcus
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• Salivary glands– Parotid – Submandibular – Sublingual
Landmarks of the Face and Oral Cavity
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Bones of the Head• Bones of the cranium
– Frontal bone (1)– Parietal bones (2)– Temporal bones (2) – Occipital bone (1)– Sphenoid bone (1)– Ethmoid bone (1)
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Bones of the Head• Bones of the face
– Nasal bone (2)– Vomer bone (1)– Inferior nasal conchae (2)– Lacrimal bones (2)– Maxillae bones (2)– Zygomatic bones (2)– Palatine bones (2)– Mandible bone (1)
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Bones of the Head• Bones of the face
Frontal bone
Splenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Inferior nasal concha
Vomer bone
Mental foramen
Parietal bone
Symphysis
Alveolar process
Mandible
Alveolar process
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Nasal bone
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• Landmarks of the maxilla– Frontal processes– Zygomatic processes– Alveolar process– Palatine process
– Infraorbital foramen
– Maxillary sinus– Maxillary
tuberosity
Bones of the Head
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Bones of the Head• Palatine bones
– Palatine suture– Incisive foramen– Greater palatine foramen– Lesser palatine foramen
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Bones of the Head• Landmarks of the mandible
– Rami– Condyloid process– Coronoid process– Temporomandibular joint
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Bones of the Head• Landmarks of the mandible
– Mandibular notch– Mandibular foramen– Internal oblique ridge– Mylohyoid ridge
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Bones of the Head• Landmarks of the mandible
– Angle of the mandible– Mental foramen – External oblique ridge– Retromolar area
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Bones of the Head• Landmarks of the mandible
– Symphysis– Mental protuberance– Lingual foramen– Genial tubercles
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Bones of the Head• Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
– Glenoid fossa of the temporal bone– Articular eminence of the temporal bone– Condyloid process of the mandible
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Bones of the Head• Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
– Synovial fluid • Thick, sticky fluid that provides nourishment
and lubrication so bones can glide without friction
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Muscles of the Head and Neck • Muscles of mastication
– Temporal muscles– Masseter muscles– Internal pterygoid muscles– External pterygoid muscles
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of masticationTemporal muscle
Angle of the mandible
Internal pterygoid muscle
External pterygoid muscle
Neck of the condyle
Masseter muscle
Zygomatic bone
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of facial expression
– Orbicularis oris– Buccinator– Mentalis– Zygomatic major
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the floor of the mouth
– Digastric– Mylohyoid– Stylohyoid– Geniohyoid
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the floor of the mouth
Styloid process
Tongue
Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
Mylohyoid muscle (cut)
Geniohyoid muscle
Mandible
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
Stylohyoid muscle
Hyoid bone
Loop for digastric muscle
BodyGreater cornu
Lesser cornu
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the tongue
– Genioglossus– Hypoglossus– Styloglossus
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossus muscle
Genioglossus muscle
Dorsum of tongue
Styloglossus muscle
Palatoglossus muscle
Styloid process
Hyoid bone
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the soft palate
– Palatoglossus– Palatopharyngeal
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the soft palate
Palatoglossus muscle
Palatopharyngeal muscleUvula
Nasopharynx
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Muscles of the Head and Neck• Muscles of the neck
– Platysma– Trapezius– Sternocleidomastoid
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Nerves of the Head and Neck• Maxillary nerves
– Zygomatic– Infraorbital– Posterior superior alveolar– Pterygopalatine
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Nerves of the Head and Neck• Maxillary nerves
Pterygopalatine nerve
Zygomatic nerve
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Middle superior alveolar nerve
Infraorbital nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
Lateral nasal branches
Nasopalatine branch of pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) nerve
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Nerves of the Neck and Head• Mandibular nerves
– Buccal branch– Lingual branch– Inferior alveolar branch
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Nerves of the Neck and Head• Mandibular nerves
Hyoid bone
Mylohyoid nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mylohyoid nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Posterior division of mandibular nerve
Buccal nerve
Lingual nerve
Mental nerve at mental foramen
Incisive nerves
Terminals of lingual nerve to tongue
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Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Arteries of the face and oral cavity– Common carotid artery
• External carotid artery• Internal carotid artery
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Circulation of the Head and Neck
• External carotid artery branches– Lingual artery– Facial artery– Maxillary artery– Mandibular artery– Pterygoid artery
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Circulation of the Head and Neck• Arteries of the face and oral cavity
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbital arteryMiddle superior alveolar artery
Anterior superior alveolar artery
Descending palatine artery
Facial artery
Inferior alveolar artery
Lingual artery
Maxillary artery
Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery
Superficial temporal artery
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Circulation of the Head and Neck
• Veins of the face and oral cavity– Superficial veins
• Facial, deep facial, retromandibular, lingual– Deep veins
• Maxillary, pterygoid plexus– Jugular veins
• External, internal
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Circulation of the Head and Neck• Veins of the face and oral cavity
Superficial temporal vein
Maxillary vein
Anterior retromandibular vein
Posterior retromandibular vein
Posterior auricular vein
External jugular vein
Pterygoid plexus of veins
Deep facial vein
Facial vein
Common facial vein
Internal jugular vein