6987-2/05-michigan-1 the nuclear renaissance: a resurgence of nuclear energy jim reinsch president,...

6987-2/05-Michigan-16987-2/05-Michigan-1

The NuclearRenaissance:A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy

Jim ReinschPresident, Bechtel Nuclear Power

Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy InstitutePresident-Elect, American Nuclear Society

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Acknowlegements

Steve L. Stamm, P.E.Nuclear Business ManagerStone & Webster Power Division


Outline

ANS representation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Shaw Stone & Webster Framatome ANP Seabrook Station University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Resurgence of Nuclear Energy

Role of American Nuclear Society


Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Ranked 5th by U.S. News and World Report

10,000 students

900 faculty

32 majors

5 schools

Milestones: Penicillin Vitamin A


Shaw Stone & Webster

Shaw Group formed in 1987

One of Fortune's Top 500 companies

Stone & Webster foundedin 1889

18,000 employees

Provides multi-services Engineering Design Construction Maintenance


Seabrook Station

Majority owner— Florida Power and Light (FPL)

C.O.— August 1990

1,161 MW

Largest reactor in New England

Provides about 7 % of region’s electricity


University of Massachusetts, Lowell

Founded in 1894

Member of the University of Massachusetts system, 1991

12,000 students

$300 million in annual research

One of the 50 best universities in the world by Times of London


Framatome ANP

Jointly-owned subsidiary with AREVA and Siemens

World leader in: Engineering design and construction

of nuclear power plants and research reactors

Modernization, maintenance and repair services

Component manufacturing Supply of nuclear fuel

Manufacturing facilities in over 40 countries


Resurgence of Nuclear Energy

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Worldwide Perspective

NASA

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World View

Global electricity demand to increase 50% by 2025 1.6%/yr for industrial

world 3.6%/yr for

developing worldDemand

1850 1950 1990 2000 2050 2100

Year

Tri

llion

kW

h

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PR

I

Global Emissions and Atmospheric

Concentration of CO2

Global Average Temperature

Atmospheric concentrations

derived from ice cores

Atmospheric concentrations

measureddirectly

Emissions

1790 1815 1840 1865 1890 1915 1940 1975 1990

Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center

1000

3000

5000

7000

Emiss

ions

(MM

TC)

250

300

350

400 Atmospheric Concentration (ppm

)

58 °F

57 °F

56 °F1880 1894 1908 1922 1936 1950 1964 1978 1992 1999

Source: NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies5-year surface annual mean

Cause of Disruption Emissions from

CO2 from fossil fuel

Fossil fuel 80% of world’s

energy 80% of new

capacity brought on line in 2003

Nuclear Limits

greenhouse gas emissions

Environment

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4 x CO2

of ExistingLevels

2 x CO2

of ExistingLevels

21002030 EPRI

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25

Temperature Rise

Environment

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Nuclear Drivers

Why Nuclear: Safe Proven performance Affordable Energy security/energy

independence Emission free Abundant fuel and stable prices

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World nuclear generation sets record in 2004 383,629 MW 2,696 MMWh 3.7% increase

Led by: Record setting performance

• U.S.• Sweden

Restart of units in:• Japan• Canada

Commissioning of new units• South Korea• Ukraine

World View

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440 nuclear power plants

16% of world’s electricity

Displaces 2 billion metric tons of CO2

World View

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The Renaissance Begins

8Korea

8Europe3

Japan

5Other

3Russia

3China

30 Projects

Underway in

2004

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NuclearOverview:Pacific Basin

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Pacific Basin

Asia fastest growing market

East and South Asia

100 plants in operation

20 under construction

40 to 60 planned

Represents 36% of the world’s new capacity growth

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Pacific Basin

Greatest growth

China

Japan

South Korea

India

PacificOcean

Indian Ocean

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China Perspective

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Quick Facts

World’s largest population China = 1.3 billion U.S. = 0.3 billion

Second largest energy consumer U.S. = 25% of world total China = 10% of world total

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Quick Facts

2003 10% increase in

generation capacity 17% increase in demand 15,000 MW shortage

2004 9% increase in

generation capacity 16% increase in demand 30,000 MW shortage

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Energy Portfolio

2%

Nuclear

Coal

Hydro Fuel Percent

Coal 80

Hydro 18

Nuclear 2

Total ElectricalGeneration

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China’s Plan

Operation

Under Construction

Planning

LingDong 2x1000MW PWRHong Kong

Sanmen 6x1000MW PWR

Qinshan III 2x665MW HWR

Daya Bay 2x944MW PWR

Qinshan I 1x300MW PWR

LingAo 2x950MW PWR

Beijing

Harbin

Chengdu

HaiYang 6x1000MW PWR

TianWan 6x1000MW VVER

Shanghai

Shenzhen

Qinshan II 2x600MW PWR

YangJiang 6x1000MW PWR

Fuzhou HuiAn 6x1000MW PWR

WaFangDian 6x1000MW PWR

Qinshan IV 2x1000MW PWR

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Near-Term Plan

PWR technology selected

National Nuclear Steering Committee formed

National Development and Reforming Commission (NDRC) has significant role

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Path Forward

Nuclear power to be expanded 6,600 MW to

40,000 MW by 2020 Near-term construction

4 replication units 4 Generation III+ units

• 2 at Sanmen• 2 at Yangjiang

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Current Invitation to Bid (ITB)

BURMALAOS

NEPAL

VIETNAM

INDIA

Sea ofJapan

MONGOLIA

JAPAN

SOUTHKOREA

NORTH KOREA

Taiwan

YellowSea

RUSSIA

Qinghai

Tibet

InnerMongolia

Heilongjiang

Jilin

Hebei

Liaoning

Shandong

Beijing

Jiangsu

Gansu

Henan

Shaanxi

Shanxi

Sichuan

Guangxi

Guizhou

Hunan

Hubei

Guangdong

Jiangxi

AnhuiZhejiang

Fujian

South ChinaSeaHainan

Shanghai

Hong Kong

Sanmen Nuclear Plant

Yangjiang Nuclear Plant

BHUTAN

China

Xinjiang

Yunnan

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Status of ITB

ITB issued September 28, 2004

PWR technology Westinghouse AREVA Atomstroyexport

Construction award December 2005

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Passive safety systems permit simplification and improve safety

Modularization reduces construction to 36 months

NRC design certification provides regulatory certainty: AP 600 — December 1999 AP 1000 — August 2005

Westinghouse

Westinghouse – AP 1000

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Four loop RCS design

Four train safety systems

In-containment borated water storage

RCS depressurization system

Separate buildings for safety trains

Advanced “cockpit” control room

48 months from first concrete to CO

AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR

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Atomstroyexport (Russian)VVER-1000

“Evolutionary” design incorporating safety improvements

Standardization based on components that performed well on earlier plants (VVER-440)


Horizontal steam generators

Redesigned fuel assemblies

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World Reactor Technologies

Gen III+ Gen IV

Today’s Designs Future Designs

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Generation IV advanced nuclear reactors (ARS) Six candidates:

• Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR)

• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)

• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)

• Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)

• Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)

• Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR)

http://nuclear.gov/nerac/FinalRoadmapforNERACReview.pdf

December 2002

Future Designs

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Technology Top priority Next Generation

Nuclear Plant• High temperature• Passive safety• Improved economics• Demonstrates hydrogen production• High efficiency direct-cycle electricity production• Nonproliferation

Technology suppliers• PBMR (Pty) Ltd. Pebble Bed (PBMR)• AREVA/Framatome ANP ANTARES• General Atomics GT-MHR

Future Designs — Generation IV - ARS

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PBMR (Pty) Ltd. — Pebble Bed Modular Reactor High temperature (900 °C)

helium-cooled reactor TRISO-coated particle fuel in

spherical fuel elements On-line refueling Direct cycle gas turbine Inherent passive safety design

Future Designs — Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)

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AREVA/Framatome ANP — ANTARES design Prismatic core

• Low cost• Maximum core design flexibility• Minimum core design uncertainty

Indirect cycle• Simplified design

Innovative CCGT-based power generation system• Developed with MHI and confirmed by EdF• Maximizes use of existing technology• Combined Brayton and Rankine cycles give high

efficiency Readily adaptable to H 2 production

Future Designs — NGNP

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General Atomics — Gas Turbine — Modular HeliumReactor (GT-MHR) Helium cooled reactor

• Nonradioactive• High heat capacity

Gas turbine• Brayton cycle vs. steam cycle• High efficiency ~ 50%• Modern gas turbine technology

Ceramic fuel particles– High temperature capability > 1600 °C– Stable graphite core/moderator– High fuel burnup capability– High proliferation resistance

Future Designs — NGNP

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Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs)

Simplified design

Passive systems to enhance safety and reduce cost

Standardized designs based on modularization producing shorter construction schedules

Enhanced resistance to proliferation

Today’s Design — Generation III+

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General Electric ESBWR ABWR+

BNFL/Westinghouse AP 1000

Atomic Energy Canada Limited ACR-700(AECL)

AREVA/ EPRFramatome SWR 1000

Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR

6900-12/04-40

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General Electric — ESBWR Simplified the design

• Less equipment and buildings• Shorter construction times• Reduced operation and

maintenance costs Improved plant performance and safety

• Gives operational flexibility• Easier to get regulatory approval

Designed to U.S. and European requirements


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Westinghouse — AP 1000 Passive safety systems permit

simplification and improve safety Modularization reduces construction

to 36 months NRC design certification provides

regulatory certainty:• AP 600 — December 1999• AP 1000 — August 2005 Westinghouse


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Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL) — ACR-700 Evolution of CANDU 6 design (Qinshan) Safe, economical design 40 months from first concrete

to fuel load for 1st unit Currently in NRC

pre-application review


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AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR


Four train safety systems

In-containment borated water storage

RCS depressurization system

Separate buildings for safety trains

Advanced “cockpit” control room

48 months from first concrete to CO


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AREVA/Framatome ANP — SWR 1000

Improved safety margin

Improved availability

Uses existing technology

Reduced construction time

60-year service life

European utility involvement


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United States Perspective

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Quick facts

103 nuclear plants 20% of the nation’s electricity

U.S. Nuclear Energy

Displaces 680 million metric tons of CO2

Equivalent to 131 millionpassenger cars

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U.S. Nuclear Drivers

Safe

Proven nuclear plant performance

Cost effective

Affordable

Energy security/energy independence

Provides base load generation/grid stability

Emission free

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'82 '84 '86 '88 '90 '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

Ca

pa

cit

y F

ac

tor

(%)

Proven Performance

Source: Energy Information Administration/Nuclear Regulatory Commission

90.7%

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Affordable ($ per MWh)

Nuclear Coal Gas

No assistance $45-$71 $33-$41 $35-$45

Engineering costs paid $31-$46 $33-$41 $35-$45

Limited production, investment

tax credit$25-$45 $33-$41 $35-$45

Source: University of Chicago6987-2/05-Michigan-50

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85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission /EUCG

Nuclear 1.72

Coal 1.8

Gas 5.77

Oil 5.53

Cost Effective(in constant cents/kWh)

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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival

Energy Policy Act Supports nuclear energy as a major component of

national energy policy Supports

• Uprates/license renewals• Licensing of new plants

Nuclear Power 2010 program Deploys at least one new advanced

nuclear plant by 2010

Three utility-led consortiums formed to develop COL applications for new U.S. reactors

Congress

DOE

Utilities

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Source: Bisconti Research Inc.

Increasing Public Support

Important

for our energy

future

80%

Keep the option

to build nuclear plants

71%

Definitely build

nuclear plants in

future

60%

Accept new

reactors at nearest

plant

62%

Favor use of nuclear

energy

67%

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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival — License Renewals

25Renewal

Intent

30Granted

32Not

Announced

16In NRCReview

RenewalApplication

RenewalApplication

RenewalApplication

RenewalApplication

RenewalApplication

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Browns Ferry #1 restart

Tennessee Valley Authority

• 1,280 MWe

• Applied for 20-year license renewal

• Ahead of schedule

• Under budget


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Utility consortiums formed in response to DOE’s NP-2010 solicitation NuStart Energy Development, LLC Dominion-led TVA-led


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New U.S. Licensing Process

Early site approval

Design certification Combined license forconstruction and operation (COL)

1

32

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Site approval obtained before company decides to build

Company “banks” site up to 20 years

Decision made, design chosen later

Greater certainty in moving forward

Early Site Permits

1

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Design Certification

Advance NRC approval for design

Lengthy delays avoided before site preparation, construction

Four designs approved to date

2

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Combined Construction and Operating License

One license for operating/ building plant

Early focus of public comment

Greater regulatory certainty

3

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Old Licensing Process

15 years

Operating License Issued Operations

Construction Permit Application

Public Comment Opportunity

Operating License ApplicationConstruction

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New Licensing Process

ConstructionConstruction Acceptance

CriteriaOperation

Combined License

Design Certification

7 years

Early Site Permit

Public Comment Opportunity

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RegulatoryCertainty

Infrastructure

Spent FuelManagement

Financials

Public andBipartisanSupport

ProvenTechnology

Build NewNuclearPlants

What Needs To Be Done

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What Needs To Be Done — New Nuclear Plants

Finalize a competitive approved design Ensure designs met new capacity needs

Create advantageous business conditions Acceptable financials return Financial incentives

Resolve uncertainties in licensing and regulations

Proven Technology

Financials

RegulatoryCertainty

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What Needs To Be Done — New Nuclear Plants

Completion of Yucca Mountain Long-term solution

Re-establishment of the nuclear infrastructure Utilities Vendors Labor

Renew public confidence Need to maintain high-performance standards Need national energy policy

Universities Government Investors

Spent FuelManagement

Infrastructure

Public andBipartisan Support

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Role of American

Nuclear Society

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Provides professional home for pioneers leading the industry

Promotes members’ contributions in the expansion of nuclear technology

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Provides forum to develop and apply technology to benefit all humanity

Serves as credible voice for exchange of nuclear information


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Through ANS professional divisions Members demonstrate the

peaceful power of the atom Members push the science

forward at topical meetings and workshops

Through ANS public policy and federal affairs Members assist:

• Government in developing sound policies

• Renewal of public confidence


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Tomorrow’s Vision Coming into Focus

Periodic table

X-rays

Cathode rays

EBR-1Reactor

MedicalIsotopes

NP 2010 Initiative

The Faces ofTomorrow

1900

1960

2004

2050

U.S.S. Nautilus

Pioneer 10

40 nuclear plants

Gen IV

Gen III+

New Build Consortiums NuStart TVA Dominion

Space

Medical


&Questions

Answers

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The NuclearRenaissance:A Resurgence of Nuclear Energy

Jim ReinschPresident, Bechtel Nuclear Power

Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy InstitutePresident-Elect, American Nuclear Society

6987-2/05-Michigan-72

6987-2/05-michigan-1 the nuclear renaissance: a resurgence of nuclear energy jim reinsch president,...

Documents

nuclear drivers

nuclear renaissance

kwh slide

world nuclear generation

regions electricity

times of london slide

perspective nasa slide

world demand