6949 comparative analysis b321

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1 Unit B321: Foundation Portfolio – Comparative Analysis Topic two – Film Genre’s – “RomanticComedy” Genre Compare the representation of gender in the romantic comedy genre with reference to ‘Knocked Up’ and ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’. This comparative analysis will focus on how the two romantic comedy texts ‘Knocked Up’ (2007 – Dir. Judd Apatow) and ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ (2008 – Dir. Nicholas Stoller) connote similar and different views on gender representations. ‘Knocked Up’s’ male protagonist Ben (Seth Rogen) lives a ‘carefree, hedonistic’ (Mortimer2010) lifestyle, representing the ‘New Man’ (Corrigan2012) that is now commonplace (much to the frustration of the female gender) in society. His ‘well meaning, but immature’ (Gauntlett2008) personality is where the ‘laughter [is] generated’ (Mortimer2010), however, is challenged when the female protagonist Alison (Katherine Heigl) breaks the news of pregnancy to him after their disastrous one night stand, therefore ‘signifying’ (De Saussure) the end of selfish existence as he begins a long, amusing battle to overcome his underdog, unappealing personal demons. ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’s Male protagonist is presented in the form of ‘Peter’ (Jason Segel). This metrosexual, “successful musician” character experiences a dramatic break up with the love of his life, Sarah (Kristen Bell). His ‘unrequited love’ (Mortimer2010), which is a common theme in the romcom genre and amongst many men in society, falls short and leads to a series of unfortunate events, which is one of many similarities between Ben and Peter. This essay will deconstruct three scenes from ‘Knocked Up’ and three scenes from ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ to establish these similarities and differences in the gender roles, as well as consider what impact this will have on an active romcom consuming audience. The two male protagonists, Ben and Peter, denote similarities in the representation of the male gender. Both characters are ‘emasculated’ in the films, for example in ‘Knocked Up’ the diegetic verbal code of “Do you have a real job?” connotes Alison’s confusion towards Ben’s financial capabilities, and backing towards their newfound relationship, and upcoming family. In ‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ the nonverbal code of ‘tears’ connotes the sudden and humorous loss of masculinity through ‘suffering and tears’ (JeffersMcDonald2007), which is a antistereotype of what is usually expected in this genre when analyzing the male gender. These two examples denote Center Name: St. Paul’s Catholic College Center Number: 64770 Candidate Name: James McClements Candidate Number: 6949

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     Unit  B321:    Foundation  Portfolio  –  Comparative  Analysis  Topic  two  –  Film  Genre’s  –  “Romantic-­‐Comedy”  Genre  

 

       Compare  the  representation  of  gender  in  the  romantic  comedy  genre  with  reference  to  ‘Knocked  Up’  and  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’.  

 This  comparative  analysis  will  focus  on  how  the  two  romantic  comedy  texts  ‘Knocked  Up’  (2007  –  Dir.  Judd  Apatow)  and  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  (2008  –  Dir.  Nicholas  Stoller)  connote  similar  and  different  views  on  gender  representations.  ‘Knocked  Up’s’  male  protagonist  Ben  (Seth  Rogen)  lives  a  ‘carefree,  hedonistic’  (Mortimer-­‐2010)  lifestyle,  representing  the  ‘New  Man’  (Corrigan-­‐2012)  that  is  now  common-­‐place  (much  to  the  frustration  of  the  female  gender)  in  society.    His  ‘well  meaning,  but  immature’  (Gauntlett-­‐2008)  personality  is  where  the  ‘laughter  [is]  generated’  (Mortimer-­‐2010),  however,  is  challenged  when  the  female  protagonist  Alison  (Katherine  Heigl)  breaks  the  news  of  pregnancy  to  him  after  their  disastrous  one  night  stand,  therefore  ‘signifying’  (De  Saussure)  the  end  of  selfish  existence  as  he  begins  a  long,  amusing  battle  to  overcome  his  underdog,  unappealing  personal  demons.  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’s  Male  protagonist  is  presented  in  the  form  of  ‘Peter’  (Jason  Segel).    This  metrosexual,  “successful  musician”  character  experiences  a  dramatic  break  up  with  the  love  of  his  life,  Sarah  (Kristen  Bell).  His  ‘unrequited  love’  (Mortimer-­‐2010),  which  is  a  common  theme  in  the  rom-­‐com  genre  and  amongst  many  men  in  society,  falls  short  and  leads  to  a  series  of  unfortunate  events,  which  is  one  of  many  similarities  between  Ben  and  Peter.  This  essay  will  deconstruct  three  scenes  from  ‘Knocked  Up’  and  three  scenes  from  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  to  establish  these  similarities  and  differences  in  the  gender  roles,  as  well  as  consider  what  impact  this  will  have  on  an  active  rom-­‐com  consuming  audience.    The  two  male  protagonists,  Ben  and  Peter,  denote  similarities  in  the  representation  of  the  male  gender.  Both  characters  are  ‘emasculated’  in  the  films,  for  example  in  ‘Knocked  Up’  the  diegetic  verbal  code  of  “Do  you  have  a  real  job?”  connotes  Alison’s  confusion  towards  Ben’s  financial  capabilities,  and  backing  towards  their  newfound  relationship,  and  upcoming  family.    In  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  ‘tears’  connotes  the  sudden  and  humorous  loss  of  masculinity  through  ‘suffering  and  tears’  (Jeffers-­‐McDonald-­‐2007),  which  is  a  anti-­‐stereotype  of  what  is  usually  expected  in  this  genre  when  analyzing  the  male  gender.  These  two  examples  denote  

Center  Name:     St.  Paul’s  Catholic  College  Center  Number:     64770    Candidate  Name:     James  McClements  Candidate  Number:     6949  

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how  the  ‘laughter  generated’  in  romantic  comedy  texts  is  usually  at  the  expense  of  the  male  genders  status  and  position  in  society  and  a  relationship  respectively.    The  male  gender  can  be  described  as  ‘well  meaning,  but  immature’,  which  is  represented  in  Chapter  5  of  ‘Knocked  Up’  through  the  verbal  code  of  diegetic  dialogue  “You  look  very  pretty”,  which  signifies  Ben  as  this  ‘Loveable  loser’,  yet  this  is  the  only  obvious  positive  quality  he  seems  to  denote  to  the  audience.  The  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Ben  smirking  connotes  his  well-­‐meaning  attitude  towards  Alison,  and  his  charming,  yet  immature  qualities.  The  verbal  code  of:  “How’s  work,  how’s  ‘E!’,  how’s  Vince  Vaughn?”  are  immature  questions  that  are  far  from  what  is  usually  said  at  a  formal  dinner.  Alison’s  non-­‐verbal,  un-­‐impressed  facial  expressions  connote  that  Alison  is  not  fond  of  this  male’s  immaturity,  resulting  in  his  emasculation  later  on  in  the  scene  when  she  says,  “Do  you  have  a  real  job?”,  with  verbal  code  real  intensifying  her  and  –  and  simultaneously  –  the  female  audiences  disliking  of  this  man.  Similarly  in  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’,  Peter  exhibits  his  ‘immaturity’  when  his  naïve  attitude  towards  Sarah  sparks  an  argument.  This  is  represented  in  the  diegetic  dialogue  of:  “I’m  sitting  down  because  I  want  to”,  and  this  immaturity  is  supported  with  the  technical  code  of  a  low  angled-­‐  medium  close  up.  (See  image  right).  He  is  now  seen  as  small  and  invalid,  and  much  like  a  child,  where  it  is  can  be  determined  that  his  immaturity  lowers  his  significance  and  masculinity.  His  ignorance  is  where  the  ‘Laughter  [is]  generated’  in  this  heated  and  honest  argument,  and  is  also  where  the  ‘female’  (Hartley)  audience  can  side  with  Sarah’s  Misandry.    The  representation  of  the  male  gender  in  the  film  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  supports  the  ‘New  Man’  (Corrigan-­‐2012)  stereotype  that  now  exists  in  society.  This  is  represented  in  the  introduction  of  the  film.  The  protagonist  Peter  is  seen  on  his  sofa,  eating  cereal,  watching  TV,  and  not  doing  any  work.  This  stereotypical  ‘lazy  man’  view  of  Peter  exposes  the  flaw  in  this  relationship,  when  he  is  seen  lying  to  Sarah  on  the  phone.  The  questions  that  Sarah  asks  imply  that  this  happens  every  day,  and  she  is  aware  of  his  unambitious  qualities.  He  is  a  drain  on  Sarah,  and  the  relationship.  Likewise  in  ‘Knocked  Up’,  Ben  presents  his  lack  of  ambition  in  Chapter  3  of  the  text.  When  in  the  café,  Ben  reveals  his  unemployment  and  side-­‐project  with  much  disgust  from  the  female  gender  (Adult  website  that  is  later  proven  already  exists  much  to  the  hilarity  of  the  viewers!).    He  also  is  a  cannabis  smoker,  which  supports  his  ‘hedonistic’  and  rebellious  lifestyle.  The  non-­‐verbal  codes  of  his,  careless,  content,  facial  expressions,  backup  this  behavior  in  the  film,  when  him  and  his  friends  are  smoking  together  in  Chapter  1.  This  is  supported  with  the  technical  code  of  a  close  up.  (See  image  right)        In  binary  opposition  (Strauss)  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’,  ‘Peter’  is  represented  as  a  metrosexual  character.  In  Chapter  1,  the  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Peter  enjoying  looking  at  himself  in  the  mirror,  

presents  his  fondness  of  himself  to  the  audience,  despite  not  really  being  that  physically  impressive  as  it  is  immediately  clear  he  is  –  like  many  men  in  the  genre  –  ‘far  from  the  typical  rom-­‐com  hero’  (Mortimer  –  2010).  His  joyful  facial  expression  exhibits  his  positivity  towards  his  appearance.  (See  image  left)  However,  in  ‘Knocked  Up’,  Ben  is  not  seen  caring  for  

himself,  or  being  proud  of  his  body,  which  is  seen  through  Ben  going  out  with  casual  clothes,  and  not  doing  anything  to  his  appearance  for  the  day  ahead  in  contrast  to  the  glamorous  Alison  –  (See  image  right)  

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 To  denote  a  further  difference  between  the  male  characters,  in  the  scenes  deconstructed  from  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’,  machismo  is  present  between  Peter,  and  his  stepbrother.    This  connotes  an  anti-­‐stereotypical  view  that  the  male  gender  is  represented  as  both  needy,  but  also  helpful.  ‘Bryan’  (Bill  Hader),  uses  a  sort  of  ‘tough-­‐love’  relationship  to  make  Peter  feel  better.  Saying  things  like:  “You  gotta  get  your  sh*t  together  man”,  as  Peter  is  obviously  not  getting  over  the  relationship  which  is  established  through  the  technical  code  of  a  close-­‐up  of  his  devastated  facial  expression.    Later  on,  Bryan  deletes  all  the  pictures  of  Sarah  and  Peter.  The  verbal  code  of  non-­‐diegetic  music  at  the  start  of  the  scene;  ‘Heaven  knows  I’m  miserable  now’  (The  Smiths)  implies  through  the  lyrics–  “In  my  life,  why  do  I  give  valuable  time  to  people  who  don’t  care  if  I  live  or  die”  That  there  is  a  connection  between  the  song  lyrics  and  Peters  thoughts  and  emotions.  Peter  is  extremely  miserable  at  the  start,  and  once  his  stepbrother  comes  into  the  house,  he  turns  the  music  off,  connoting  Peter’s  road  to  recovery  and  ‘re-­‐marriage’  (Cavell  –  1981)  with  himself.  Acting  as  a  misogynistic  figure  of  authority,  Bryan  suggests  that  Peter  should  “go  on  a  vacation”  to  get  over  Sarah  after  he  is  clearly  not  fond  of  what  Sarah  has  done  to  Peter.  This  connotes  that  Bryan  is  acting  like  a  ‘Prince’  (Propp)  towards  the  ‘Princess’  (Propp)  Peter.  This  ‘emotional  role  reversal’  (Morency  -­‐  2010)  between  Sarah  and  Peter,  creating  this  ‘Binary  Opposite’  (Strauss)  to  what  is  normally  expected  of  the  male  gender,  is  also  common  throughout  the  text  and  many  other  rom-­‐coms.  On  the  other  hand,  in  ‘Knocked  Up’,  no  machismo,  or  ‘bro-­‐mance’  (Mortimer-­‐2010)  is  present  for  Ben.  In  contrast  to  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall,  he  is  not  a  ‘Princess’  (Propp),  and  does  not  need  saving  like  Peter  does.  This  means  that  the  male  representation  can  also  be  possibly  un-­‐loving  and  not  helpful,  especially  to  woman,  suggesting  the  Misogynistic  relationship  between  both  men  in  both  texts.  For  example,  Ben  displays  misogyny  in  Chapter  5,  with  his  non-­‐verbal  facial  expressions  and  body  languages.  The  look  of  anger  he  gives  to  Alison,  conveys  hatred,  and  antagonism.    (See  image  right)    

 In  both  media  texts,  the  female  gender  represents  similarities  and  differences,  which  is  displayed  to  the  audience.  For  example,  in  ‘Knocked  Up’,  Alison  is  represented  as  ‘superior  in  terms  of  looks,  prospects,  and  everything  else’  (Gauntlett-­‐2008),  for  example  in  Chapter  5,  the  diegetic  dialogue  of  Ben  saying:  “You  look  very  pretty”  connotes  that  Alison  (as  the  female  gender)  is  indeed  ‘superior  in  terms  of  looks’  which  then  makes  the  male  gender  seem  insignificant,  and  in  Ben’s  case  a  loser  or  inferior  in  comparison.    Similarly,  in  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’,  Sarah  is  also  represented  as  ‘superior  in  terms  of  looks,  prospects,  and  everything  else’.  In  Chapter  1,  Sarah  is  described  on  the  TV  as  a  “Sexy  crime  fighter”,  whereas  in  binary  opposition  Peter  is  described  as  “no  household  name”.    This  connotes  Peter’s  insignificance  compared  to  Sarah,  and  how  the  female  gender  is  represented  as  far  more  ‘superior’,  which  serves  as  an  early  ‘enigma  clue’  (Barthes)  to  the  suffering  the  female  gender  is  going  to  go  through  in  dealing  with  the  many  failures  of  the  male  gender,  which  ends  up  injecting  the  audience  

with  the  same  level  of  resentment  as  the  female  protagonists  convey  towards  the  opposite  sex  in  both  films.  With  this  representation,  a  ‘female’  (Hartley)  audience  can  actively  interact  with  and  join  in  with  the  female  genders  misandry  towards  the  opposite  sex.    For  example,  in  ‘Knocked  Up’,  the  female  protagonist  has  to  ‘suffer’  (Jeffers-­‐McDonald  -­‐  2007)  with  the  male  gender  in  chapter  3.  The  non-­‐verbal  code  of  Alison  waking  up  Ben  with  disgust  from  with  her  foot  connotes  –  (See  image  left),  a  kind  of  animal-­‐like  treatment.    

This  gives  Alison  a  ‘challenge  of  dealing  with  men  like  this’  (Gauntlett  -­‐  2008)  which  ‘caregivers’  (Maslow)  could  sympathize  with.  In  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  misandry  is  also  present  within  the  text  from  Sarah’s  point  of  view.  For  example,  In  chapter  14,  Sarah  couldn’t  “drown  with  [him]  any  more”.  The  technical  code  of  a  medium  close  up  shot,  (See  image  right)  while  the  diegetic  dialogue  “I  tried!”  is  spoken  connotes  Sarah’s  

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significance  at  that  point  in  the  scene,  which  many  viewers  who  have  suffered  with  the  same  ineptitude  can  ‘Personal  Identify’  (Katz)  with  and  will  view  Sarah  as  correct  and  the  male,  wrong.  

 In  ‘Knocked  Up’,  Alison  is  seen  as  a  ‘Princess’  (Propp).  This  is  evident  in  Chapter  5,  where  the  non-­‐verbal  facial  expression  and  tears  connotes  that  she  needs  saving.  (See  Image  left).  However  her  ‘Prince’,  Ben,  the  one  who  created  the  ‘Disequilibrium’  (Todorov),  is  revealed  to  be  incapable  with  saving  her,  and  becomes  a  ‘Fake  Prince’  (Propp)  as  he  is  too  speechless  to  offer  any  support.  However,  In  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’,  Sarah  is  represented  as  a  ‘Villain’  (Propp)  to  a  ‘Male’  (Hartley)  audience  because  in  chapter  1,  she  embarrassingly  dumped  Peter.  This  presents  an  anti-­‐stereotype,  as  the  female  gender  is  stereotypically  represented  as  ‘Princesses’  (Propp)  in  the  rom-­‐com  genre.  However,  to  a  ‘Female’  (Hartley)  audience,  she  could  be  seen  as  a  ‘Prince’  as  she  is  seen  doing  all  the  

work,  with  her  life,  and  in  the  relationship.  This  is  contradicted  in  ‘Forgetting  Sarah  Marshall’  with  the  non-­‐verbal  appearance  of  Sarah  given  in  a  bikini  She  encourages  a  ‘Male  gaze’  (Mulvey)  view  for  the  character,  as  she  is  seen  to  promote  the  film  for  ‘Male’  (Hartley)  audiences.  In  Chapter  14  Peter’s  diegetic  dialogue  of  “If  it  was  Sean  John  sweatpants  [Sarah  would  have  allowed  it]”.  This  connotes  Sarah’s  materialism,  supporting  the  ‘men  act,  women  appear’  (Berger)  stereotype  of  women  only  caring  about  their  own  and  their  partners  appearance  in  public.  She  appears  in  the  film  not  working,  but  just  destroying.  On  the  other  hand,  in  ‘Knocked  Up’  Alison  goes  against  John  Berger’s  theory,  as  she  is  seen  with  a  job,  working,  and  getting  paid  unlike  the  unemployed  Ben.  This  is  an  anti-­‐stereotype  as  the  male  in  a  relationship  is  stereotypically  employed,  and  receiving  money  to  support  him  and  his  family.  

 In  conclusion,  after  deconstructing  scenes  from  the  two  romantic  comedy  texts,  it  can  be  established  that;  the  representation  of  gender  roles  in  the  two  texts  are  predominantly  anti-­‐stereotypical,  of  which  the  male  gender  appears  to  be  living  the  new,  carefree,  mainstream  life,  and  the  female  gender,  living  an  anti-­‐stereotypical,  working  life.  The  ‘unrequited  love’  in  both  films,  twists  the  representation  of  the  genders  to  the  audience,  changing  their  ‘Character  roles’  (Propp),  and  strengthening  their  Misandry,  or  Misogyny  towards  one  another,  which  many  viewers  may  feel  the  same  way  as  well.    This  assures  that  the  genre  provides  ‘mass  entertainment’  (Mortimer-­‐2010),  with  crossing  views  from  the  audience.  ‘Male  gaze’  (Mulvey),  and  ‘Female  Gaze’  (Saco),  also  help  promote  the  film  to  all  genders  and  provide  them  with  the  motivation  to  watch.