6+7.doc
TRANSCRIPT
Ngy son
: 8/9/2013
K duyt:
Ngy ging
: 11/09/2013
Tit 6
Bi 3:Luyn tp: THNH PHN NGUYN T
I. Mc tiu bi hc.
1.Kin thc.
Cng c kin thc v: Thnh phn cu to nguyn t, ht nhn nguyn t, kch thc -khi lng -in tch ca cc ht, nh ngha nguyn t ho hc, k hiu nguyn t, ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh.
2.K nng.
HS rn cc k nng gii cc dng cu hi v bi tp v: Cu to nguyn t, tnh s hiu, s khi, nguyn t khi v nguyn t khi trung bnh t % v ngc li.
3. Thi tnh cm: Hc sinh c thi ch ng tch cc trong qu trnh hc tp
II.Phng php
1.m thoi
2.Thuyt trnh
III.Chun b
1.GV: Cc cu hi v bi tp luyn tp
2.HS: Xem li kin thc c
IV.Tin trnh dy hc
1.n nh lp.
2.Kim tra bi c: Nng vo bi mi.
3. Ni dung bi mi.
Gio vinHc sinh
H1:
A. Kin thc l thuyt cn nm vng
Thnh phn nguyn t
?Trnh by nhng hiu bit ca mnh v cu to nguyn t ?
? S p, s e v z c mi lin h nh th no vi nhau ?
? Cho KHNT sau: .
?Xc nh KHHH ca ng t ?S khi, s hiu ng t; s p, s e, s n, z+ ca ng t ng t trn.
? KHNT cho ta bit nhng i lng c trng no ca ng t ?
? Mt cch chnh xc: Khi lng ng t c tnh nh th no ?
Hot ng 2
B. Bi tp
Bi 2T 18-SGK T nguyn t Z=1 dn nguyn t Z=92 c bao nhiu nguyn t, ti sao?
Bi 1-T18-SGK Hy tnh khi lng bng kg ca N c 7 proton, 7 notron, 7 electron.
Tnh t l khi lng ca electron so vi khi lng ca ton nguyn t N.
GV: Gi v y/c hs ln bng gii bi.
GV: Nhn xt v b xung.
Hot ng 4
Nguyn t khi trung bnh
Bi 3-T18-SGK. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca K bit trong t nhin nhiu thnh phn % cc ng v ca K l: 93,258% ; 0,012% v 6,730%.
p dng cng thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh gn s khi no nht? Ti sao
Bi: Cho tng s ht proton, notron, electron ca mt nguyn t l 24.Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 8.
Tnh s ht proton,notron,electron ca nguyn t v cho bit nguyn t khi ca nguyn t bng bao nhiu?
GV: Gi v hng dn hs gii bi.
Bi 1.23(SBT)
Liti trong t nhin c hai ng v:
chim 92,5%
chim 7,5 %
?hy tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Li?
3.Dn d HS
Bi 5. Vit cng thc cc loi ng(II) oxit. Bit rng ng v oxi c cc ng v sau.
v ?
*VN lm cc bi sau:
1. Oxi c ba ng v vi % tng ng l x1,x2,x3, tho mn x1=15x2; x1-x2=21x3.
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca oxi.
2. Mg c hai ng v X, Y. Nguyn t lng ca X l 24. ng v Y hn X mt notron.
S nguyn t X, Y t l 3 :2. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Mg
*c trc bi sau.A. Kin thc l thuyt cn nm vng
*HS nghin cu SGK, 1 em ln trnh by
Nguyn t
HS tho lun v tr li
HS. i din nhm tr li
mngt = mp + mE + mNB. Bi tp
Bi 2T18-SGK-C 90 nguyn t
-V mi gia tr Z ch ng vi 1 nguyn t, Z l s t nhin.
Bi 1-T18-SGKHS. Cc nhm tho lun a ra cch tnh (3-5p) 1 HS ln bng cha.
Cc HS khc cng lm, theo di v nhn xt
a. m7P = 7.1,6726.10-27kg = 11,7082.10-27kg
m7e = 7.9,1094.10-31kg = 0,0064.10-27kg
m7n = 7.1,6748.10-27kg = 11,7236.10-27kg
mngtN = 23,4382.10-27kg
= 23,4382.10-24g
b.
(Khi lng ca electron l qu nh so vi khi lng ca ton nguyn t nn khi lng nguyn t c th b qua khi lng ca electron.
Nguyn t khi trung bnh
Bi 3-T18-SGKHS. Tho lun nhm (2-3p)
HS.
HS. gn s khi ca n v nht v phn trm ng v ny ln nht.
Bi:
Trong p=e 2p + n =24
M s ht mang in: 2p n = 8
Cng 2 pt trn ta c: 4p = 32 p = 8
e = 8 ; n = 8
A = 16
Bi 1.23(SBT)
HS tho lun v tr li.
Bi 5.
*HS chia nhm tho lun, i din 1 nhm ln lm
-C 6 cng thc:
; ;
; ;
Rt kinh nghim:
Ngy son : 08/09/2013
K duyt:
Ngy ging: 13/09/2013
Tit 7
Bi 4: CU TO V NGUYN T
I. Mc tiu bi hc.
1.Kin thc.
Hc sinh nu v trnh by c:
-Trong nguyn t e chuyn ng quanh ht nhn to ln v nguyn t.
-Cu to v nguyn t: Lp, phn lp e, s e c trong mi lp, mi phn lp.
- S e ti a trong mt lp,mt phn lp.
2.K nng.
- Hc sinh phn bit c lp, phn lp e.
-Xc nh c s e ti a trong mt lp, mt phn lp. cch k hiu lp, phn lp, s phn b e trn cc lp v phn lp.
- Xc nh c th t cc lp electron trong nguyn t.
3. Thi tnh cm: C thi nghim chnh trong hc tp tip thu kin thc.
II.Phng php
1.m thoi
2.Thuyt trnh
III.Chun b
1.GV: Cc cu hi v bi tp
2.HS: c trc bi
IV.Tin trnh dy hc
1.n nh lp.
2.Kim tra bi c:
Nu cu to v nguyn t?
3. Ni dung bi mi:
Tit 1: S CHUYN NG CA CC ELECTRON. LP, PHN LP
Gio vinHc sinh
Hot ng 1
Vo bi
*Qua 2 bi u ca chng, chng ta tm hiu v cu to ca nguyn t v phn ht nhn trong nguyn t. Vy lp v nguyn t c nhng c im g? Trong bi ny chng ta cng nghin cu.
Hot ng 2
I. S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t
1. Quan nim trc y
*GV: Gii thiu m hnh nguyn t ca Ro-do-pho, Bo v Xom-m-phen.
-Em c nhn xt g v s chuyn ng ca cc e ?
*M hnh nguyn t ca Ro-do-pho c tc dng rt ln n s pht trin l thuyt cu to nguyn t, nhng khng y .2. Quan nim hin i
*Ngy nay quan nim c thay i.
-Hy trnh by v s chuyn ng ca cc e theo quan nim mi?
*Nh vy, cc e c/ t do, trong s chuyn ng hn lon y c nhng khu vc v mt xut hin e nhiu hn cc khu vc khc. Ta gi l Obitan nguyn t (AO).
-Vy AO l g ?
*GV gii thiu s qua hnh dng ca cc AO.
Hot ng 3
II. lp electron v phn lp electron 1. Lp electron *Trong v nguyn t cc electron chu lc ht ca ht nhn. Do electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn c th gn hay xa nhn m nng lng cung cp dng tch electron phi khc nhau. Nhng electron gn ht nhn lin kt vi ht nhn cng mnh, bn cng cao(kh tch ra khi nguyn t) ta ni n c mc nng lng thp. Ngc li, nhng electron xa ht nhn lin kt yu bn thp (d tch ra khi nguyn t ) ta ni chng c mc nng lng cao.
-T ta chia ra cc lp e.
? Nhng e nh th no th xp vo cng mt lp? Th t v k hiu cc lp e nh th no?
Hot ng 4
2. Phn lp electron
*Vy nhng e c nng lng bng nhau th sao?
?Phn lp l g?
?Phn lp c k hiu nh th no?
?C mi lin h no gia s phn lp e vi s th t lp e?
?Hy cho bit s phn lp v k hiu phn lp ca cc lp n=1, 2, 3 ?
I. S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t
1. Quan nim trc y
*Nghin cu SGK, 1HS tr li
-Electron v nguyn t c/ trn nhng qu o xc nh: hnh trn hoc hnh bu dc xung quanh ht nhn nguyn t.
2. Quan nim hin i
*HS nghin cu SGK, 1 em tr li
-Cc e chuyn ng vi vn tc rt ln xung quanh ht nhn nguyn t, khng theo mt qu o xc nh, to nn v nguyn t.
-Khu vc xung quanh ht nhn m xc sut c mt (kh nng tm thy) e ln nht (90%)-gi l obitan nguyn t: AO (Atomic Orbital).
II. lp electron v phn lp electron 1. Lp electron *1HS tr li, 1HS ln in bng
-Cc e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo cng mt lp e.
-T ht nhn tr ra: mc nng lng tng dn.
Lp e
(n = )
1
2
3
4
5
KH
K
L
M
N
O
2. Phn lp electron
-Mi lp li c chia thnh cc phn lp.
Nhng e trn cng mt phn lp c mc nng lng bng nhau.
-K hiu: s < p < d < f (nng lng tng dn)
-S phn lp ti a trong mt lp = s th t lp
1Hs ln in bng
Lp e
K (n=1)
L (n=2)
M (n=3)
Phn lp e
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
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