6.4g communications

8/13/2019 6.4G Communications

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Paper presentation

On

4G COMMUNICATIONS

AT,

JIGNASA -2005,

G.PULLA REDDY ENGINEERING CLLEGE,

!URNL -5"#002

Presented by :

RA$I !IRAN. R !IRAN A

E-%ai& ID' ra(isettir)*a+oo.o(

!ira/i)*a+oo.o.in

P+one N(er ' 1##330350

Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Gudlavalleru Engineering College,

Gudlavalleru.

mailto:[email protected]






A4STRACT

Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are

developing at a booming speed, with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of

mobile and wireless communications. Current times are ust the beginning for deploying

!G mobile communication systems, while research on the ne"t generation of mobile

communications, #G wireless and mobile networ$s begin to pave the way for the future.

%his paper studies the visions of #G from a technical perspective. &fter a brief review on

the development history and status of mobile communications and related #G

perspectives, we present an overall #G feature framewor$ based on the $ernel concept of

integration, in which two $ey features 'diversity and adaptability( of the three targets

'terminals, networ$s, and applications( are described in detail. %he concepts of both

e"ternal and internal diversity of each target are defined to illustrate the causes and

solutions of the adaptability feature. %hen, along the entire #G domain, each feature in

the framewor$ is deeply discussed from a technical standpoint, in which promising

techniques and possible research issues for sufficient support of adaptability are also

proposed. )inally, a short summary on #G visions is presented as a continuum of features

in the development of the mobile communications world.

INTRDUCTIN

Mobile communications and wireless networ$s are developing at an astounding speed,

with evidences of significant growth in the areas of mobile subscribers and terminals,

mobile and wireless access networ$s, and mobile services and applications. %he present

time is ust right to start the research of #G mobile communications because of*

• +ossibility, according to the historical indication of a generation revolution once a

decade, and now we are near the end of !G standardiation phase and the beginning of

!G deployment. • -ecessity* according to !G goals, !G is necessary but not sufficient to

the mobile communication strategy, in which many problems are only partly solved and

there are still many problems left to be solved in the ne"t generation, i.e. #G.

istory



"G'%his process began with the designs in the /012s that have become $nown as /G. %he

earliest systems were implemented based on analog technology and the basic cellular

structure of mobile communication.

2G was based on digital signal processing techniques and regarded as a revolution from

analogy to digital technology %hese 3G systems provided circuit4 switched data

communication services at a low speed. of 0.5 $bps %he competitive rush to design and

implement digital systems led again to a variety of different and incompatible standards

such as G6M ,%DM&,CDM&,+DC.

2.5G' &n interim step is being ta$en between 3G and !G, the 3.7G. 8t is basically an

enhancement of the two maor 3G technologies to provide increased capacity on the 3G

9) 'radio frequency( channels and to introduce higher throughput for data service, up to

!:# $bps. G6M system enhancements li$e G+96 and EDGE are considered to be 3.7

technologies. G+96 is an attractive solution to mobile operators, because it does not

require the same degree of the investment as ;M%6.

G' !G is deploying a new system with new services instead of only providing higher

data up to 2 Mbps and broader bandwidth. <ased on intelligent D6+ techniques, various

multimedia data communications services are transmitted by convergent !G networ$s.%he !G system would have higher quality voice channels. %he !G system will have

features li$e fast internet surfing advanced value added service and video telephony .%he

technologies that are used to boost the speed are ;M%6 and =4CDM& .

Pro&e(s assoiate6 7it+ G:

• Difficulty in continuously increasing bandwidth and high data rate to meet multimedia

services requirements, together with the coe"istence of different services needing

different >o6 and bandwidth.

• ?imitation of spectrum and its allocation.

• Difficult to roam across distinct service environment in different frequency bands.

• ?ac$ of end4to4end seamless transport mechanism spanning a mobile sub4networ$ and

a fi"ed one.



%able / summaries the entire development of mobile communications

G 8EATURES'

Different #G feature framewor$s have been defined from the standpoints of service

subscriber, service provider, researcher and engineer. 8n the following we give some

representatives of #G perspectives.



/( 8t is easy to say, based on the developing trends of mobile communication, that #G will

have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, smoother and quic$er handoff, wider mobile

area, more various service, lower cost, etc.

3( Other than the words @moreA, @anyA andBor @allA are preferred over e"pressions used

by previous generations, e.g. anyone can communicate with anyone else, anywhere and

anytime,or enoy any service of any networ$ operator, through any networ$ of any

networ$ service provider

!( DoCoMo introduced the concept of M&G8C for the vision of #G Mobile multimedia

&nytime, anywhere, anyone Global mobility support 8ntegrated wireless solution and

Customied personal service, which mostly focused on public systems and treat #G as the

e"tension of !G cellular service.

#( European Commission 'EC( presented a perspective focusing on ensuring seamless

service provisioning across a multitude of wireless systems and networ$s, and providing

for optimum delivery via the most efficient networ$ available e.g. private systems and

ad4hoc networ$s, optimal resource utiliation, multiple radio interfaces, =?&- use,

standards for interoperability, etc.

%hus #G will encompass all systems from public to private,operator driven to &dhoc,

broadband to personal area and &d4hoc networ$s.it will focus mainly on personalied

service

G 8EATURE 8RA%E 9R! * =e can summarie proposal of #G features

with one sentence, or even more simply, with one word* integration, i.e. seamless

integration of terminals, networ$s, and applications 'together with users(.

/( %he discussion domain includes three relevant targets, i.e. terminals, networ$s, and

applications. Out of the #G domain, the user is the only target.

3( %he $ernel word of the definition is so4called integration, which means the

convergence of first the three different targets second the various modes of each target,

which lead to the feature of diversity.

%he #G vision framewor$ presented by us is illustrated in fig/



%here are two $inds of diversity* e"ternal diversity and internal diversity.

• E"ternal diversity is outside the target, which brings along the demand of the

adaptability feature to all targets.• 8nternal diversity is inside each of the targets, and it acts as the solution for adaptability

requirements. 8n short, the need for adaptability is caused by e"ternal diversity, and it is

solved by internal diversity. ere both the e"ternal and internal diversity of users are the

cause of all adaptability requirements, which implies that the user is out of the technical

domain of #G visions. %he two main features, i.e. diversity and adaptability of the three

targets terminal, networ$, and application are described in detail in the ne"t section.

G 8EATURE DESCRIPTIN' ": User Di;ersit*' %he e"ternal diversity of users, i.e. people in different situations,

includes e.g. culture, educational bac$ground, economic capability, physical property,

personal preference, etc. %he internal diversity of users, i.e. people with different

interfaces, include e.g. vision, hearing, speech, touch sense, hands and fingers, body, etc,

<oth their e"ternal and internal diversity are to be adapted by the other two targets*

terminal and application. diversity, with both diversities

2: Ter(ina& Di;ersit* an6 A6aptai&it*' %he terminalse"ternal diversities are the

differences of terminals in bothstatic and mobile attributes. 6tatic attributes include e.g.

functionality, weight, sie, battery life, human interface, antenna, processing capability,

security, style, and cost. Mobile attributes include dynamic attributes of both temporal

and spatial features. %he former category contains e.g. moving speed and acceleration,



while the latter is connected to spatial range, e.g. indoors, on4campus, in urban and rural

environments, and also direction.. %here are three targets for terminal adaptability. )or

users, it includes the provision of different terminals to satisfy different users and an

individual users various requirements. &s for applications, we hope that miscellaneous

services can be delivered to one single terminal. =hen networ$s are concerned, a single

terminal can reach a wide range of networ$s despite of location and mobile rate.

: Net7or/ Di;ersit* an6 A6aptai&it*' %he e"ternal diversity of networ$s is obvious.

8nternet is assorted by nature, while wireless networ$s $eep the same property. )or

instance air interfaces can integrate all $inds of standards and wor$ on different

frequencies. Moreover, multiple operators deploy networ$s with multiple standards and

protocols. %he internal diversity of networ$s means that one networ$ can interconnect

with other different networ$s and transfer various $inds of loads, e.g. cellular systems

with various coverage.

%hree targets are related to networ$ adaptability. 8n reference to terminals,

networ$ adaptability aims to ma$e multiform mobile devices with a wide range of

moving speeds and mobile areas connectable to wireless networ$s. )or applications, there

is a requirement that any type andBor quality of service can be delivered through diverse

fi"ed and mobile networ$s in the most suitable and efficient way. %he target for networ$s

themselves is to ma$e it easy to build a new networ$ or remove an old one, and to ma$e

interoperability with ones neighbours seamless despite its heterogeneous nature.

: App&iation Di;ersit* an6 A6aptai&it*' %he e"ternal diversity of applications will

be a reasonable property, and this need not mean that #G services and applications must

be multifarious, in all the aspects of quantity, quality, and type. =ith internal diversity we

mean that one application can be tailored into e.g. multiple levels of quality, various

styles, and different $inds of release shape, etc. &pplication adaptability is a main feature

of #G services. %o users, this means that services can be delivered automatically

according to personal preferences of different users. 8n view of terminals, we hope that

various terminals are able to run one application with different formats, such as e4mail in



te"t message, voice, image, or even video. 8n connection with networ$s, applications can

be transformed into various forms and levels in order to be transmitted correctly and

efficiently.

G TEC<NICAL PERSPECTI$E'

8t is obvious that #G, ust li$e all the previous generations, is driven not only by

technology, but also by mar$et requirements. %his section mainly discusses, from a more

technical perspective, possible topics for research and promising techniques of #G, and

focuses mainly on those techniques that give support to the main feature of adaptability

by internal diversity of targets in the #G domain.

A. Ter(ina&s

8n order to adapt to the diverse applications and networ$s, together with the various

requirements of users, the terminal domain must possess both internal and e"ternal

diversity. 6upport techniques of the field may include the following*

/( ;ser interfaces of terminals vary from traditional $eyboard, display, and tablet, to new

interfaces based on speech, touch, vision, soft buttons, etc. %his will be common at a time

when one terminal has multiple user interfaces.

3( &daptive techniques such as smart antennas, software radio, and smart transceivers,

enhance interoperability through simultaneous support of several radio interfaces in asingle terminal. %his ma$es a terminal roamable across any air interface standard and

connectable to any wireless access point by e"changing configuration software. %hese

approaches can also be used on wireless access points as an advanced smart base station.

!( %erminals will be aware of location and conte"t, often based on some wireless low

power sensors that are humansensitive andBor environment4sensitive in order to monitor

and interact with the physical world to report the human andBor environmental factors.

%he advances in this area have been used in e.g. wearable computers as a novel terminal

type.

#( &n intelligent terminal is able to dynamically improve its processing capability in

order to contain various services. 6ome function modules can even be downloaded to a

terminal when needed.



5( -etwor$ reconfiguration can be obtained by the reconfiguration of protocol stac$s and

programmability of networ$ nodes. %hus, it can adapt dynamically to the changing

channel conditions and low or high data rate users.

1( -etwor$ resource can be dynamically allocated to cope with varying traffic load,

channel condition, and service environment. %raffic conditions will be dynamically

monitored and controlled via techniques such as distributed and decentralied control of

networ$ functionalities.

:(%he type of multiple"ing is %DD4CDM& which allows fle"ibility of capacity allocation

in uplin$ and downlin$

C. App&iations

&daptability will be one of the basic requirements to the development and delivery ofnew mobile services. +romising techniques and possible topics may include*

/( Mobile application should refer to a users profile so that it can be delivered in a way

most preferred by the subscriber, such as conte"t4based personalied services. %his also

brings the applications with adaptability to terminals that are moving in varying locations

and speeds. Micro4sensors and G+6 receivers are the main driven techniques.



3( %echniques such as adaptive multimedia and unified messaging ta$e the terminal

characteristics into account and ensure that the service can be received and run on a

terminal with the most suitable form to the host type.

!( 8ntelligent mobile software agent is a common technique to all of the three targets,

which act as a platform for service development, delivery, and auto4configuration.#( &pplications can negotiate with networ$s so that they can be transferred with the most

efficient channel, e.g. indoor networ$s or =?&- or cellular systems in a wide area.

6ervices will be tailorable in order to fit the different networ$ environments and thevarying traffic conditions.

T+e G ;ision an e s((ari=e6 * >o&&o7in? >i?re

G PRESPECTI$E IN INDIA '

%he 8ndian Government has established the centre of E"cellence in =ireless

%echnologies 'CE=%( in collaboration wi th 88%s to wor$ on #G wireless

communications.<ut however 8ndi a is now confined to !G.

CNCLUSIN'

&s the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to

reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. +roected #G systems offerthis promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its $ey concept of

integration. )uture wireless networ$s will need to support diverse 8+ multimedia

applications to allow sharing of resources among multiple users.#G will bring true human

li$e interaction with wearable electronics and disposable devices. %erminals will

encompass speech, hearing,sight, as well as environmental data pertinent to the



application, ma$ing the user permanently connected to both the cyber4wor$d as well as

the real world .%he services will provide affordless access to the other people &nd other

devices around us with highest possibility of security and 8ntegration. %he fourth

generation promises to fulfill the goal of +CC 'personal computing and communication(

Fa vision that affordably provides high data rates everywhere over awireless networ$.

RE8ERENCES

/. <. G. Evans and . <aughan, HI868O-6 O) #G,H Electronics and Communication

Engineering Journal, Dec. 3223.

38EEE wireless communication magaine4&ugust 322!

H%DD4CDM& )O9 %E #G O) =89E?E66 COMM;-8C&%8O-H

49ia EsmailadehK Masao -a$agawa,&lan Jones

!. )9OM 3.7G %O !G O9 #GL

4 Electronics )or ou

July43227

#. );%;9E 86 GO8-G MO<8?E =8% #G %EC-O?OG

4Electronics Ma$er une 3227

6.4g communications

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