Chuyn

Chuyn 6: An ton khi hn

Slide 4:

Cc yu t nguy him n ngi lao ng trong qu trnh hnSlide 5: Cc dng c, ph tng v phng tin bo v c nhn khi hn

Cc yu t dn n Bnh ngh nghip:

+ Thi quen lm vic.

+ Ting n.

+ Kh bo v, kh pht sinh trong qu trnh hn, ha cht c hi (khi, bi, kh v hi).

+ Bc x nhit.

Cc yu t dn n H hng chi tit:

+ Kh bo v, kh pht sinh trong qu trnh hn, ha cht c hi (khi, bi, kh v hi).

+ Bc x nhit.

+ Vn chuyn v trng thi ca vt liu.

+ Ngun nhit.

+ in th hn.

+ Mi nguy him c kh.

Cc yu t dn n Tai nn:

+ Kh bo v, kh pht sinh trong qu trnh hn, ha cht c hi (khi, bi, kh v hi).

+ Bc x nhit.

+ Vn chuyn v trng thi ca vt liu.

+ Ngun nhit.

+ in th hn.

+ Mi nguy him c kh.

Chai xy: phn thn chai sn mu xanh da tri c ghi ch oxy mu en,phn u chai khng sn, c ng ch chm ghi cc ni dung sau:

K hiu hng ho ca nh ch to.

S hiu chai (ca nh ch to).

Khi lng chai khng (kg).

p sut lm vic (at).

p lc th thy lc (at).

Dung tch chai (lt).

Thng, nm ch to (hoc khm nghim) v thi hn khm nghim ln tip theo (c th ghi thng, nm hoc ch ghi nm).

Con du kim nghim (k hiu) ca n v kim tra chai.

Ni chung chai oxy phi:

C kh nng chu p lc trn 155kg/cm2.

Khng phn no ca chai mng hn 1/4 inch (6,3mm).

Vt liu c lm t mt tm thp duy nht, c hm lng cc bon cao.

Chai axtylen:

Ging chai nn kh nhng kch thc nh hn.

Khi nn y p sut khong 15,81kg/cm2.

Tt c cc chai axtylen u c nt an ton nm trn u chai v chy nhit 1000C.

B iu p:

n nh lung xy hay axtylen t chai ra u hn.

C 2 loi b iu p: 1 tng v 2 tng.

Khng c cho du bi trn vo cc b phn ca b iu p.

n hn: n hn hay cn gi l ng thi. C 2 loi ng thi:

ng thi thp p dng cho axtylen p sut thp hn 1psi (0,070306kg/cm2).

ng thi trung p dng cho axtylen p sut t 1psi 15psi (0,070306kg/cm2 1,05kg/cm2).

Bc hn: thng lm bng ng ng chu nhit cao.

Phng tin bo v c nhn:

Trang phc nh o, qun, giy ng, nn tt nht l loi khng chy, c th lm bng da b, vi, len.

Knh bo h: khng try, nhn r, hnh nh khng b bin dng.

Gng da: khng chy, thuc loi di.

Ci nh la: c th dng kiu c nhng hin nay dng ci nh la bng manht.

My hn:

C th dng my hn mt chiu hoc xoay chiu.

Cung cp cng duy tr cung la.

a hn, km hn, ba g x

Chn ng a hn khi hn.

Khng dng km hn b h hc km hn t ch khng t tiu chun.

Cc cht ty ra, thuc bo v mi hn: l nhng cht c hi, phi lun c k hng dn bit cch phng.

Slide 9:Mt s quy nh khi hn

S dng thit b hn:

Nhng chai kh nn gi v tr ng, c rng buc hay ct chc chn.

Phi gn b iu p.

Kim tra cc u ni xy v axtylen.

Sa cha thit b hn in v hn kh: a CD Qui tc an ton khi hn in v hn hi.

Nhng iu lu khi di chuyn my hn: a CD Qui tc an ton khi hn in v hn hi.

Nhng quy nh cm trong qu trnh hn in v hn kh: a CD Qui tc an ton khi hn in v hn hi.

Slide 10:

Mt s quy nh khi hn

Cc chai xy axtylen c rng buc cn thn trnh b , ng gy nguy him.

Slide 12:

Mt s quy nh khi hn

Khi hn ti v tr hn cn c vch ngn v qut ht kh, khi c.

Slide 13:

Mt s quy nh khi hn

Ti khu vc hn cc vt dng cn sp xp ngn np va d dng thc hin cng vic va an ton khi thao tc.

Slide 14:

Mt s quy nh khi hn

Khi hn phi c bao tay, mt n v knh bo h.

Slide 15:

Mt s quy nh khi hn

Khi hn trn cao cn c phng tin bo v: qun o, mt n trnh x hn, bi v thuc hn ri vo ngi gy nguy him.

Slide 17:

Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

nh la khi hn in: gm 3 giai on: to c tia la nng a ln h a xung ng khong cch m khng b ngn mch dnh ngui.

Slide 18:

Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

Khi kim loi nng gn ng nhit .

Chuyn ngn la ra xa mi hn.

Chm u a trm vo mi hn: ch chm a hn vo sau khi cc mt kim loi c nung nng n nhit lm a nng chy.

Khng c chm vo mi hn cho n lc ngui.

Slide 19:

Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

Cc chi tit hn cn c kp cht ng v tr trong sut thi gian hn.

Slide 22:

Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

Thng dng ct kim loi en. Khng hiu qu khi ct kim loi mu, gang v thp khng r.

S dng mi ct phi ng c.

p sut lm vic ca xy phi cao hn nhiu p sut ca axtylen.

Di chuyn n phi ng cch.

Slide 23:Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

Mun ng ct c thng, hy kp hai khuu tay vo hai bn sn v di chuyn c thn ngi.

Slide 24:Mt s v d v k thut hn khng mt an ton

Nu c b s khng phi di chuyn c thn ngi m ng ct vn thng.

Slide 26:Cc tai nn xy ra khi hn v cp cu ngi b tai nn

V tai nn lao ng ca c s gia cng gh st T.T.T (qun 10) xy ra lc 9 gi 30 ngy 05/9/1996.Lm cht 5 ngi v b thng 15 ngi. Thit hi do tai nn: 176.940.000 ng.

Din bin:

C s T.T.T gia cng khung gh st v lp rp thnh phm. Ring cng on hn hi c s giao cho thu t nhn l VVH v LMN thc hin.

Sng ngy 05/9/1996 b L.M.N c 03 cng nhn LVS T.V.T, T.V.C n lm vic ti c s T.T.T. Cng nhn T.V.C s dng ring mt chai oxy, mt chai axtylen v b n hn. Hai cng nhn L.V.S v T.V.T s dng ring mi ngi mt chai axtylen v dng chung vi nhau mt chai oxy. Sau khi s dng ht chai oxy dng chung, T.V.T ly mt chai khc vo cho L.V.S lp i chai.

Sau khi cng nhn L.V.S lp xong b van gim p vo u chai oxy mi em vo th chai oxy pht n. Chai oxy b n l loi chai dung tch 40 lt, khng , y lm do M sn xut nm 1944, ht thi hn s dng t thng 5/1969.

Nguyn nhn:

Np kh, lu thng, s dng chai cha kh oxy qu c (sn xut 52 nm) v qu nin hn s dng (27 nm).

n v sn xut np kh khng c bin php kim tra chai loi b cc chai khng tiu chun khi np kh vo chai.

Slide 27:Cc tai nn xy ra khi hn v cp cu ngi b tai nn

V tai nn lao ng xy ra lc 10 gi ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2004 ti gara sa cha xe ca X nghip X.

Din bin:

Sng ngy 11 thng 4 nm 2004 cng nhn T.H.T. ng trn mt thng phuy nht c dng m hn kh sa cha u xe ca 25 ch. Trong lc gii lao,anh T. gc m hn vo ming thng phuy v v r kh hn (kh C2H2) vo trong thng. n 10 gi khi cng nhn T. bt mi la hn hn tip lm hn hp kh axtylen trong thng phuy pht n. Nn nhn cht do a chn thng v chn thng s no nng.

Nguyn nhn:

Cng nhn bt cn khi s dng thit b hn kh, thiu kim tra pht hin s c r kh hn, thiu thc phng tai nn trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic hn hi.

Slide 28;Cc tai nn xy ra khi hn v cp cu ngi b tai nn

V tai nn lao ng xy ra lc 9 gi 05 pht ngy 24 thng 9 nm 2006 ti C s T.H thuc phng Tn Quy, Qun 7 lm cht cng nhn L.T.Tr (sinh nm 1979), ngh nghip: ao ng ph thng. Thit hi: 10.000.000 ng.

Din bin:

C s T.H chuyn kinh doanh gia cng hn ca st, ti c s c s dng 2 my hn in, 2 my ct v my mi in. Ch c s cho s dng cc khung ct thp ca nh xng lm dy dn ngc cho cc my hn in. Ch c s c nhn gia cng hn khung ging st v giao khon cho cng nhn Ph.Th.H lm vi mc 30.000 ng mt dt ging. Cng nhn H ku thm cng nhn L.T.Tri vo lm ph v c ch c s ng .

Sng ngy 24/9/2006, ti C s Tn Ha c 05 cng nhn lm vic: cng nhn L.T.Tr c phn cng dng my mi mi sch cc ba via ca dt ging bng st hn xong ti gc pha trong ca C s. Cc cng nhn N, H, D hn v ph hn pha ca C s, cng nhn H hn gn gia xng, ni t cc dt ging hn xong.

n khong 9 gi, sau khi mi xong dt ging th 3, cng nhn L.T.Tri i pha ngoi ly thm dt ging (t da vo ct st st vch tng) gn v tr cng nhn Ph.Th.H ngi hn. Khi va nhc dt ging ra th t nhin cng nhn L.T.Tr ku ln mt ting ri ng xung, cng nhn H ang ngi ngh ht thuc vi chy li cng nhn L.T.Tr, cc cng nhn khc trong tim chy li cng lm h hp nhn to cho cng nhn L.T.Tr sau chuyn nn nhn i cp cu ti Bnh vin Nhit i. Nn nhn cht trc khi nhp vin.

Nguyn nhn:

H thng my hn in ca C s khng bo m an ton: my hn in khng bo m an ton, khng c ni t v ni khng bo v, b r in; s dng cc ct kim loi ca nh xng lm dy dn ngc ca my hn (dng chung cho c 02 my hn). Cng nhn c th trng sc khe yu khi chm vo dng in hn b in git gy tai nn. Vi phm iu 2.8 tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 3146-1986 Cng vic hn in yu cu chung v an ton. Vi phm tiu chun Vit nam TCVN 4756-89 Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in.

C s khng c ni quy, quy trnh k thut an ton cho cc cng vic ti xng. Vi phm Ngh nh s 06/CP ngy 20/01/1995 v Ngh nh s 110/2002/N-CP ngy 27/12/2002 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 06/CP ngy 20/01/1995 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit mt s iu ca B Lut Lao ng v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng.

Slide 29:Cc tai nn xy ra khi hn v cp cu ngi b tai nn

V chy n xy ra lc13 gi30', ngy27 thng10 nm 2006 ti hm tu Ty Do Star ang neo u ti XN TSG lm cht01 cng nhn tn P.H.Th (sinh nm 1979) v lm b thng 2 cng nhn khc. Thit hi: 107.880.000 ng.

Din bin:

Khu vc mi tu TayDo Star c hm thy th trng ngay di boong dng, bn di l hm nc ngt v bn cnh l hai hm xch neo. Hm nc ngt mi sn xong vo ti 24/10/2006 v ang c thc hin thng gi thot hi mi cht sau khi sn.

Ngy 27/10/2006 c hai nhm cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc mi tu: nhm cng nhn thuc t sn gm hai cng nhn B.V.C v P.V.H ch nhm hai hm xch neo. thi cng ch nhm di hm xch neo, cc cng nhn lp thm mt ng ng thng gi th xung hm xch neo, hai cng nhn sn thay nhau mt ngi trc pha trn v mt ngi lm. Nhm cng nhn t h liu gm 03 cng nhn L.N.Th (ph trch nhm), P.H.Th v Tr.V. thi cng lp rp ng thng gi ti hm thy th trng (di boong dng ca mi tu).

u gi chiu, khi lm n phn pha trn np hm nc, cc cng nhn t h liu rt ng thng gi ca hm nc ngt, y np hm li v thc hin hn ct pha trn. Khong 13 gi 30, trong hm ch cn hai cng nhn P.H.Th hn ct ng v cng nhn B.V.C ch nhm di hm xch neo.

c mt lc th cc cng nhn nghe mt ting n v la chy t hm thy th trng, cc cng nhn bn ngoi dng vi cu ha xt nc cha chy th thy cng nhn P.H.Th b chy ht ton b qun o t trong chy ra n boong th ng xung, sau mt lc l cng nhn B.V.C. V n xy ra cn lm cng nhn Tr.V.N ang quy sn ti boong tu b thng.

Nguyn nhn:

n v kim sot tin thi cng cng vic khng hp l, cng nhn tin hnh hn ct trong khu vc mi sn xong. Vi phm ni quy an ton lao ng do Cng ty ban hnh.

Cng nhn khng c thc hin thng gi y khi thc hin cng vic hn in trong hm kn c nhiu nguy c chy n dn n tai nn. Vi phm iu 2.19, iu 2.20 tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 3146-1986 cng vic hn in yu cu chung v an ton. Vi phm ni quy an ton lao ng do Cng ty ban hnh.

Hng dn trnh chiu Chuyn An ton khi hn2/7