6. subklosa adverba cara · – firstly, in the first place = (yang) pertama – secondly = (yang)...
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6. Subklosa Adverba Cara• He drives very fast.
S P (frasa ket. cara)• He drives AS IF he were in a race.
S P (subklosa adv. cara) • (AS IF = seolah-olah)• Contoh lain:• You can do it AS you like.
S P Ket. Cara• (AS = sebagaimana)
7. Subklosa Adverba Tempat• Everywhere people warmly welcome them.
(Ket. tempat) S PWHEREVER they go people warmly welcome them.
(subklosa adv. tempat) S P ,(WHEREVER = ke mana pun)
• You should stay WHERE you are.S P Ket. Tempat
8. Subklosa Adverba Perbandingan• She is older than you.
S P (frasa ket. perbandingan)(THAN = daripada)
• She is older THAN you are.S P (subklosa adv. perbandingan)
• He does not work as hard as you.S P (frasa ket. perbandingan)(AS...AS= se....)
• Contoh lain:• This is not AS easy AS I thought it would be.
Ket. Perbandingan• I am NOT SO stupid AS I look.
S P Ket. Perbandingan• (NOT SO... AS = tidak se-...sebagaimana)
9. Subklosa Adverba Syarat• I will contact him if necessary.• S P (frasa ket. syarat)• (IF = apabila)• I will contact him IF it is necessary.• S P (subklosa adv. syarat)• Contoh lain:• You will not pass the exams UNLESS you study hard.• S P Ket. Syarat• (UNLESS = kecuali kalau/jika ... tidak)• We will go PROVIDED THAT our expenses are paid.
S P Ket. Syarat• (PROVIDED = asalkan)
Kata-kata penghubung• 1.contrast/adversative (kebalikan):
– but, however, yet, nevertheless, still = tetapi/walaupun de-mikian
– on the other hand = di pihak lain– on the contrary = sebaliknya– while, whereas = sedangkan
• 2. causal (sebab):– because, since, as, for, now that,– due to, owing to, on account of = karena
• 3.summary/conclusion (kesimpulan) – so, thus, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly,
that is why, for this reason, = olehkarena itu/jadi– in conclusion = sebagai kesimpulan– as a result = akibatnya
• 4. additive/explanation (tambahan)– and, moreover, furthermore, besides,
in addition to that, apart from that = dan / disamping itu
– i,e., that is = yaitu– nor = tidak pula– in other words = dengan kata lain
• 5. purpose (tujuan):– in order that, so that, for the purpose of,
in view that = agar supaya / dengan maksud untuk– lest, for fear that, in case = (takut/khawatir) kalau-kalau
• 6. concession (kelonggaran/pertentangan):– although, eventhough, though, even if, for all that =
walaupun– in spite of, despite = walaupun ada– no matter how, however... =
bagaimanapun
• 7. conditional (persyaratan):– if = kalau, seandainya– in case = sekiranya– unless = jika …. tidak– provided that, on condition that,
as long as, so long as = asalkan• 8. emphasis (penekanan):
– in fact, as a matter of fact, indeed = kenyataannya memang– indeed = memang
• 9. sequence (urutan)– firstly, in the first place = (yang) pertama– secondly = (yang) kedua– lastly, finally = akhirnya
• 10 comparison (perbandingan) – as = sebagaimana– as .... as = se….– as if, as though = seolah-olah– than = daripada– the same as = sama dengan– no sooner ... than = begitu
• 11. alternative (alternatif)– if not, otherwise, or else = jika tidak– or = atau
• 12. exception (pengecualian)– but that, except if, except that, save that = kecuali– disregarding the fact that = tanpa
memperhatikan
(C.3) Klosa Utama + Subklosa Benda
• Subklosa Benda adalah subklosa yang berfungsi sebagai benda; jadi dalam kalimat bisa berfungsi sebagai Subjek, Objek, Pelengkap Predikat, atau sebagai Keterangan. Dalam hal ini terjadi proses substitusi kata benda.
• Contoh:• We don't know his address.
S P O(= Kami tidak tahu alamatnya).
• We don't know WHERE he lives.S P O(Kami tidak tahu di mana dia tinggal)
• He told me the news.S P O(= Dia memberitahu saya berita itu).
• He told me THAT you were ill.S P O(= Dia memberitahu saya BAHWA kamu sakit).
• This is the thing.S be PP (= Ini adalah barangnya).
• This is WHAT I want.S be PP(= Ini adalah APA yang saya inginkan).
• WHOEVER comes late will not be permitted to get in. (= SIAPA PUN yang datang terlambat tidak akan diizinkan masuk).
• You are WHOM we are expecting for. (= Anda adalah yang kami harapkan).
• The problem is HOW we could balance the individual and social rates of return in education. (= Masalahnya adalah BAGAIMANA kita bisa menyeimbangkan hasil balik untuk pribadi dan untuk masyarakat dalam pendidikan).
• My question is WHY you didn't do it before.(= Pertanyaan saya adalah MENGAPA saudara tidak mengerjakan itu sebelumnya).
• Contoh:• When they left us, we all felt sad
(subklosa adv. Waktu) S P(= Ketika mereka meninggalkan kami, kami semua merasa sedih).
• When they left us will not be forgotten.(subklosa benda) P(= Saat mereka meninggalkan kami tidak akan terlupakan)
• When did they leave us?(= Kapan mereka meninggalkan kami?)
• I don't know what I should do. = I don't know what to do.• We forget where we should begin. = We forget where to
begin.• Show them how they should make it. = Show them how to
make it.
• This valve controls the flow of air through the carburetor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed.
• The throttle is connected, usually through a cable or a mechanical linkage of rods and joints or rarely by pneumatic link, to the accelerator pedal on a car or the equivalent control on other vehicles or equipment.
• Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi.
• Fuel flow in response to a particular pressure drop in the venturi is adjusted by means of precisely-calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.
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