6 nns nonote

219 Non-native speech rhythm: A large-scale study of English pronunciation by Korean learners * Jong-mi Kim ** Suzanne FlynnMira Oh (Kangwon National University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chonnam National University) Kim, Jong-mi, Suzanne Flynn, and Mira Oh. 2007. Non-native speech rhythm: A large-scale study of English pronunciation by Korean learners. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 13.2. 219-250. To what degree do the rhythmical properties of the native language emerge in the acquisition of a second language? Specifically, would non-native English—a stress-timed language— evidence effects of Korean—a so-called syllable-timed language? In this study, we analyze the speech data from 111 adult native speakers of Korean at an intermediate level learning English as a second language, in comparison with those from 29 adult native speakers of English. The study involves a pre- and post- test analysis of speech elicited in a reading task. We focus on the acoustic quantification of the vowel duration in relation to F0 trace and formant location in all elicited speech that involve 1) stress alternation ( ‘John was ‘sick of ‘Fred and ‘Sandy), 2) stress assignment (a ‘blackboard vs. a black ‘board ), and 3) stress reduction ( add vs. addition). The results indicate that the speech rhythm contrast is manifested in both stress alternation and stress reduction in terms of the pair-wise variability of the vowel duration between the two groups of native and learner speech of English. These results are further supported by independent evidence from the developmental aspect in English pronunciation and perception. (Kangwon National Univer sity, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Chonnam Nationa l University) Keywords: speech rhythm, non-native speech, syllable-timed rhythm, stress-timed rhythm, acoustic measurements of speech rhythm, vowel reduction 1. Introduction A major distinction has often been between two types of speech rhythm; one has traditionally been labeled stress-timed and the other syllable-timed (Pike 1945; Abercrombie 1967; among others). Abercrombie (1967) argues that linguistic rhythm is based on the isochrony of either syllables, or stress intervals, for all human language. Stresses occur at regular intervals in stress-timed languages such as English, Russian, and Arabic; and syllables do so in syllable-timed languages such as French and Yoruba. * This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2004-042-A00070). The earlier versions of this work have been presented at the MIT speech communication seminar on August 24, 2005, and the Boston University Conference on Language Development on November 3-5, 2006. The work has greatly been benefited by the valuable comments and help from Sun-Ah Jun, Kenneth Stevens, Michael Kenstowicz, Stephanie Seneff, Adam Albright, and Young-Seok Kim; although the remaining errors are our own. ** The first author.

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