6 a new attitudes

7/31/2019 6 a New Attitudes

1/16

Chapter 6

The Renaissance

New Attitudes


2/16

Middle Ages VS Renaissance


3/16

Middle Ages VS Renaissance


4/16


5/16

Key Terms

Renaissance

Paraphrase

Hymn

Mass

Chansons


6/16

Renaissance Timeline


7/16

The Renaissance

French word meaning rebirth

Refers to 15th and 16th centuries

Revival of ancient Greek and Roman

culture, especially in arts and sciences

New ideals and values focus on humanexperience and perception

Observation the basis of scientific method Sensory experience guided the arts


8/16

New Attitudes

Humanism

Focus on human life and experience slowlyreplaced focus on religious doctrine, afterlife

Exploration Voyages of discovery and conquest by

Columbus, Magellan, and others

Classicism

Rediscovery of language, literature, art,

philosophy, and architecture of ancient Greeceand Rome


9/16

New Attitudes

Reformation Power of Catholic Church shaken by Martin

Luther, Jean Calvin, King Henry VIII, et al.

The printing press Gutenberg invented movable type c. 1450

Incalculable effect on literacy and education

Art

Golden age: Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Titian,Donatello, Raphael, Michelangelo, da Vinci

Inspired by the ancients, artists depicted theirworld with a new realism


10/16

New Attitudes

Music

Favors beautiful, a cappellasonorities

Consonant harmonies prevail, dissonances

carefully controlled Varied textures mix imitative polyphony and

homophony

Increasingly attempts to express human

feelings


11/16

Middle Ages vs. Renaissance

Compare Machauts Quant en moy with

Palestrinas Pope MarcellusMass

Pitch and melody

Harmony Scale, key and mode

Rhythm and tempo

Dynamics

Texture

Tone color


12/16

Middle Ages vs. Renaissance

Compared with Machaut, Palestrinas:

Melodies are simpler, more singable

Harmonies are richer, more beautiful

Modes are similar, but he creates greaterstability and clear sense of direction

Rhythms are simpler, following the words

Varied textures create different weights

Textures mix homophony and polyphony

Rich tone color features six voices a cappella


13/16

Paraphrase

Pre-existing tunes in medieval organum oftendistorted beyond recognition

Renaissance paraphrase technique valuesmelodic character of borrowed material

Chant melody given specific meter & rhythms

Melody embellished with extra notes

Emphasis on sensuous aspect of chant


14/16

Early Homophony

Paraphrased melodies emphasized, placedin the top voice

Melody supported by polyphonic voices

But these voices move togetherwithmelody, creating simple chords

Result sounds less polyphonic, more

homophonic (melody & accompaniment)Plainchant harmonization emphasizessonorous effect of rich chords


15/16

Dufay, Ave maris stella

Based on plainchant hymn

Strophic form

Odd verses sung as chant

Even verses useparaphrase of chant melody

Even verses also addsimple chordal

accompaniment(homophonic setting)

Simple, smooth, graciousharmonization of hymn


16/16

Translation

1. Hail, bright star of ocean, God's own Mother blest, Ever sinlessVirgin, Gate of heavenly rest.

2. Taking that sweet Ave. Which from Gabriel came, Peace confirmwithin us, Changing Eva's name.

3. Break the captives' fetters, Light on blindness pour, All our illsexpelling, Every bliss implore.

4. Show thyself a Mother; May the Word Divine, Born for us thyInfant, Hear our prayers through thine.

5. Virgin all excelling, Mildest of the mild, Freed from guilt,

preserve us, Pure and undefiled.6. Keep our life all spotless, Make our way secure, Till we find in

Jesus, Joy forevermore.

7. Through the highest heaven To the Almighty Three, Father, Sonand Spirit, One same glory be. Amen.

6 a new attitudes

Documents