5th international freiberg conference on igcc & xtl...
TRANSCRIPT
Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
5th International Freiberg Conference
on IGCC & XtL Technologies
21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
MODELING AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CCS TECHNOLOGIES
INTEGRATED INTO COAL TO LIQUIDS PLANTS
Claudia Bassano, Paolo Deiana, Giuseppe Girardi
ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy
And Sustainable Economic Development
Casaccia Research Center - Rome
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Agenda
• Introduction
• Process description
System modelling
Mass and energy balance
Efficiency
• Economic evaluation
Assumptions
Results
Sensitivity analysis
• Conclusions
Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
ENEA is the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (Law n. 99 of July 23rd, 2009)
ENEA activities are targeted to research, innovation technology and advanced services in the fields of energy.
ENEA performs research activities and provides agency services in support to public administrations, public and private enterprises, and citizens.
12 Research centres
18 Controlled Companies
11 Consortia
What is ENEA?
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Introduction
Configuration plant has been chosen by integration of various process block (improve the thermal efficiency) using Aspen Plus
Evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of a CTL plant and its implementation with Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies
Economic study: CTL plant configurations are compared in order to assess the economic impact of the addition of CCS (ROI, NPV, payback period)
Legal framework European Directives: geological storage of carbon dioxide (Directive 2009/31/EC) revised emission trading Directive (Directive 2009/29/EC
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Sulcis
Basin
Mine mouth plant
Sulcis Coal Mine
South-West Sardinia Italy
Plant size plant location
Coal mine availability 1 Mtons/y
Site to test CCS
Throught
ECBM
acquifers tecniques
Technical and economic feasibility of CTL polygeneration plant
Introduction
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling
The simulations were carried out using a commercial software ApenPlus
Two different plant configurations have been developed:
1.Base case
2. CCS case
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
AS U
G S F AG R P OW
air
c oal ra wg as
s weetg as
tailg as
po wer
oxyg en
liqu id fue lss ulfur
c o2
as h
s team
c oal
AX B
c o2
c o2
F T S
AS U
G S F AG R P OW
air
c oal ra wg as
s weetg as
tailg as
po wer
oxyg en
liqu id fue lss ulfur
c o2
as h
s team
c oal
AX B
c o2
c o2
F T S
Process description: base case
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Process description: ccs case
1
AS U
G S F AG R P OW
air
c oal ra wg as
s weetg as
tailg as
po wer
oxyg en
liqu id fue lss ulfur
c o2
as h
s team
C MP
for c c s only
c oal
AX B
c o2
to s torag e
c o2
F T S
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: assumptions
Gasifier Fixed Bed Dry Bottom
O2:coal= 0.5 kg/kg (daf); Steam: coal 2.5 kg/kg (daf);
conversion = 90.18%; Heat loss = 1% Pressure = 30 bar
ASU section: 175 kWhe/tO2 O2 purity of 94.3%
Auxiliary boiler
AGR section Dual stage Selexol
p design 30 bar
Gas clean H2S= 1 ppm
CO2 capture 85 %
Lean solvent 1 ppm H2S
CO2 compression Three compressor stages-inter-coolers
CO2 liquid purity CO2 = 95 % H2S<200 ppm
FT section Reactor Ryeld: yield base on ASF
50 % recycle of unconverted gas to ATR before
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor
Power section Gas turbine and Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
Steam turbine
vapore
syngas
FT prodotti
grezzi
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modelling: AGR section
MAKE-UP
AB2
AB1
ST1
H2S
CO2 HP
CO2 LP
CO2 MP
GAS
CLEAN
GAS IN
Semi lean
lean
Stage 1
H2S Absorber
CO2 rich
Stage
CO2 Absorber
Stripping
Q 4MJ/kg H2S
H2S =1ppm
CO2 =1.5 % vol.
H2/CO =2.2
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: CO2 compression section
CO2 compression/liquefaction
Three compressor stages
4.3 bar-18.6 bar, 80 bar
inter-coolers T=28 °C
CO2 liquid 95 % in CO2, H2S<200 ppm, H2O< 300 ppm
( CO2 stream quality requirements transport)
CO2 HP
CO2 BP
CO2 MP
IMPURITIES
CO2 LIQUID
H2O
K-203 K-204 K-205 P-204
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: FT section
R-201 Reacto Fischer Trospch RYELD
p=25 bar T=250 °C , yeld based on ASF distribution with double Alfa value
1= 0.85 C1-C12 carbon class and 2= 0.92 C12-C32.
R-202 ATR
Recycle 50% tailgas
GIBBS reactor
steam/CH4=1.6 molar fraction
O2 p=25 bar, T=300°C
STEAM TO
ATR
GAS CLEAN
TAIL TO
POWER
H2O
LIQUID PRODUCT
Refining
R-301
R-302
STEAM TO
TURBINE
O2 IN ATR
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: FT section
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0,14
0,16
0,18%
wei
ght
SC5+=0.88
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: main results
FT liquids
8530 bbl/d
Export Power
89 MWe
Coal
4447 t/d
Coal gasification
FT Liquids Production
Ash
388 t/d
CO2 out
7632 t/d
BASE CASE
FT liquids
8700 bbl/d
Export Power
60 MWe
Coal
4500 t/d
Coal gasification
FT Liquids Production
Ash
388 t/d
CO2 out
7632 t/d
BASE CASE0,50h 0,52
FT liquids
8530 bbl/d
CO2 captured
5054 t/d
Export Power
74 MWe
Coal
4447 t/d
Coal gasification
FT Liquids Production
Ash
388 t/d
CO2 out
2578 t/d
CCS CASE
FT liquids
8700 bbl/d
Export Power
60 MWe
Coal
4500 t/d
Coal gasification
FT Liquids Production
Ash
388 t/d
CO2 out
7632 t/d
BASE CASE0,50h
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
System modeling: main results
Base case CCS
Auxiliary load MWe 55 39
Net Plant Power MWe 89 74
Electric production MWhe/y 669531 551574
Net Plant Power MWe 74 90
Electric production MWhe/y 669531 551574
Total Efficiency LHV basis - 0.5 0.52
FT Efficiency LHV basis - 0.44 0.44
CO2 capture % 66
Specific energy kWhe/tCO2 88
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Economic analysis
comparison of two CTL plant configuration in order to assess the economic
impact of the CCS addition
Method: cash flow analysis
estimation BEC (Bare Erected Cost)
cost by factored method (CEPCI $2010)
data source by literature
estimation TOC (Total Overnight Capital)
Includes: other overnight costs, Engineering, Procurement and Construction
Cost, project and process contingencies.
estimation NPV (Net Present Value)
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Economic analysis: assumptions
Parameter / Assumption Value
Construction Period 3 years
Incurred capital in: year 1 10%
year 2 60%
year 3 30%
Debt Equity Ratio 55:45
Capacity factor 85%
Plant lifetime 30 years
Interest rate 8%
Tax Rate 28%
Loan interest rate 8%
Annual O&M expenses 5.2 % TCP
Mix coal ratio Sulcis % 60%
Sulcis Coal Price $50/ton
Bituminous Coal Price $100/ton
CO2 storage cost $5 /ton
FT product price $123/bbl
Electricity price $115/MWh
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Economic analysis: results
Base Scenario
ROI NPV, Payback time, Liquid production Cost $/bbl
Estimation of the minimum required Crude Oil price which yields a ROI of almost 20 %
Sensitivity analysis
To determine the influence of assumed parameters
price of a CO2 allowance 0-10-20-30 $/tCO2
crude oil price 20%
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Base case CCS Case
Liquid product bbl/d 4447 4447
TOC, M$ 812 829
crude oil price (20%ROI), $/bbl 98 107
ROI (oil price 98/bbl), % 20 16,5
NPV, M$ 1024 715
pay back period, years 7 9.2
Capital cost per bbl/d $95214/bbl/d $97134/bbl/d
Mitigation cost - $7/tCO2
Economic analysis: results base Scenario
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Economic analysis: results sensitivity analysis
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
cost
of l
iqu
id p
rod
uct
$/b
arre
l
CO2 allowance price $/tCO2
base case
CCS case
Oil price $98/bbl
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
0 10 20 30
RO
I (%
)
CO2 allowance price $/tCO2
base case
CCS case
Oil price $98/bbl
Economic analysis: results sensitivity analysis
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
80 90 100 110 120
RO
I (%
)
oil price $/bbl
base case
CCS case
CO2 allowance price= 0/tCO2
Liquid product selling price + 25 % oil price
Economic analysis: results sensitivity analysis
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
%delta NPV=(NPV base case –NPV CCS case)/NPV base case
$30/tCO3
$20/tCO2$10/tCO2
$0/tCO2
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
$98/bbl$120/bbl
$130/bbl
% delta NPV
oil price $/bbl
Economic analysis: results sensitivity analysis
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Conclusions
The analysis evaluates different scenarios in order to underline CTL
potential benefits in Italian energy market.
1) System modeling
This analysis indicates a powerful synergism among polygeneration CTL
systems and CO2 capture systems. The introduction of CCS in
polygeneration plant shows a modest decrease in efficiency
2) Economic results
The CTL investment option results in good economic performance in the
case of growing crude oil prices
$98/bbl ROI base case 20%
$107/bbl ROI CCS case 20%
Claudia Bassano CCT 2011, 8-12 May Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Conclusions
3) Sensitivity analysis
In the case ofCO2 allowances > 25$/ton CCS option become the most
competitive
CCS mine mouth plant installation best solution from the economic point
leads to reduction of CO2 transport cost and reduction of coal supply cost
Polygeneration of power and liquid can improve flexibility
Future work will expand technical and economic feasibility analysis by varying:
- the specific ratio of polygeneration capabilities of the plant
- plant size scaleup
- CO2 capture
Claudia Bassano 21 – 24 May 2012, Leipzig, Germany
Thank you for your attention!
http://www.enea.it
Acknowledgments
This work was developed into the RdS Research Program on Electrical Grid funded by
the Italian Ministry of Economic Sustainable Development.