5.sdh ring
TRANSCRIPT
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Ring Architecture and Switching
SDH
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Path protection switch (PPS) / Line protection switch (LPS)
1+1 protection switch / 1:N (1:1) protection switch
Stand-by Line Access (SLA)
Unidirectional switch / Bidirectional switch
Unidirectional ring / Biderectional ring
Revertive switch / Non-revertive switch
Manual switch operation
Wait to restore (WTR) time
Protection Switch Architecture
(Basics)
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Path protection switch Line protection switch
Line Protection Switch (LPS)
Working
Protection
Path SW
Path SW
Path SW
Path (VC-n) Line (STM-n)
Path Protection Switch (PPS)
Working
Protection
Line SW (equivalent)
Path SW
equivalent
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Note : only one direction is shown.
TX
TX
RX
RX
1+1Protection
Switch
TX
TX
RX
RX1:1Protection
Switch
TX
TX
TX
TX
RX
RX
RX
RX1:N
ProtectionSwitch
Working
Protection
Working
Protection
Working 1
Working 2
Working N
Protection
1+1, 1:1 and 1:N Protection Switch
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TX RX
TX RX
TX RX
TX RX
Working
Protection
Working
Protection
Extra Traffic
Normal Traffic
Extra Traffic
Normal Traffic
Extra Traffic service
is stopped.Note : only one direction is shown.
Stand-by Line Access (SLA)
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TX
RX
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
TX
Working
Protection
TX
RX
TX
RX
RX
TX
RX
TX
Working
Protection
Unidirectional Switch
Bidirectional Switch
Unidirectional Switch and Bidirectional Switch
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Unidirectional Ring Bidirectional Ring
The drawing shows the traffic routing under normal (no failure) condition.
Unidirectional Ring and Bidirectional Ring
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Working Line normal failure
Protection Line
normal
normal failure
Working Line normal failure
Protection Line
normal
normal failure
Non-reverteve Switch
Reverteve Switch
Revertive Switch and Non-reverteve Switch
Traffic flow
Revertive Switch and Non-reverteve Switch
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1. MSW Manual Switch
2. (SF) Signal Failure
3. FSW Forced Switch
4. LKOW Lock Out of Working
4. LKOP Lock Out of Protection
Note: Larger number has higher priority.
Manual Switch Operation
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Working Line normal failure
Protection Line
normal
normal
WTR time
Traffic flow
Hold-Off & Wait to Restore (WTR) times
HOLD OFF time
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Ring Architecture
Node B Node A
Node C
East West
East
WestEast
West
STM-N
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1
Ring System
Unidirectional
Ring / Switch
Bidirectional
Ring / Switch
PPS
LPS
PPS
LPS
2-fiber
2-fiber
2-fiber
4-fiber
2-fiber
Subnetwork Connection Protection Ring (SNCP-ring)(2F-UPSR)
MS Dedicated Protection Ring(2F-ULSR) (for further study, G.841)
Subnetwork Connection Protection Ring (SNCP-ring)
(2F-BPSR) (for further study, G.841)
4F MS Shared Protection Ring (MS-SP ring)(4F-BLSR)
2F MS Shared Protection Ring (MS-SP ring)(2F-BLSR)
Types of Ring System
LPS:Line Protection Switch (MS protection)PPS:Path Protection Switch (VC trail protection)
MS:Multiplex Section
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1
Subnetwork Connection Protection (SNCP) Ring
(2 Fiber Uni-directional Path Switch Ring - UPSR)
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1
SNCP(Unidirectional Ring) / 2F-UPSR (1)
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1
SNCP(Unidirectional Ring) / 2F-UPSR (2)
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1
Any Physical Structure
(Mesh,Ring or Mixed)
TCP
PPS PPS
TCP
Path
Case 1
Any Physical Structure
(Mesh,Ring or Mixed)PPS PPSTCPTCP CP
PathSNC-P SNC
Case 2
Any Physical Structure
(Mesh,Ring or Mixed)PPS PPSTCPTCP CP CP
PathSNC-P SNCSNC
Case 3
Aggrega
te
1
Aggrega
te
Aggrega
te
1
Aggrega
te
2
Aggrega
te
2
Tributary
Tributary
Tributary 1 Tributary 2
Aggregate - Aggregate
PPS
Aggregate - Tributary
PPS
Trubutary - Tributary
PPS
TCP : Termination Connection Point
CP : Connection Point
Subnetwork Connection Protection (SNCP)
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1
4 Fiber
Multiplex Section Shared Protection (MS-SP) Ring
(4 Fiber Bi-directional Line Switch Ring - BLSR)
- Terrestrial Application -
4 Fib MS SPRi / 4F BLSR (1)
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1
4 Fiber MS-SPRing / 4F-BLSR (1)
- Terrestrial Application -
4 i S S i / 4 S (2)
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1
4 Fiber MS-SPRing / 4F-BLSR (2)
- Terrestrial Application -
4 Fib MS SPRi / 4F BLSR (3)
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2
4 Fiber MS-SPRing / 4F-BLSR (3)
- Terrestrial Application -
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2
2 FiberMultiplex Section Shared Protection (MS-SP) Ring
(2 Fiber Bi-directional Line Switch Ring - BLSR)
- Terrestrial Application -
2 Fiber MS-SPRing / 2F-BLSR (1)
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2
2 Fiber MS SPRing / 2F BLSR (1)
- Terrestrial Application -
2 Fiber MS-SPRing / 2F-BLSR (2)
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2
2 Fiber MS SPRing / 2F BLSR (2)- Terrestrial Application -
N d ID M f 4F/2F MS SPRi
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2
Node ID Map of 4F/2F MS-SPRing
MS SPRi Mi ti d S l h C t l
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2
A/D
at C ?
yes
no
TU AIS
no AU AIS
A/D
at C ?
AU A IS
MS-SP switch
no
y e s
yes
no
Squelch Control
VC-4
path ?
The ring-switch is applied afterAU AIS insertion at B and D.For VC-12/3, AU AIS is insertedat B and D first, then it is
stopped after TU AIScompletion, in order to avoidshort term misconnections.
A
B
C
D
E
FA- E
A - E
E-F
E-F
A
B
C
D
E
FA- C
A - F
with AIS
A- C C-F
C-FA - F
with AIS
misconnection no misconnection
working channel
protection channel
on the same channel
of the STM-N.
on the same channel
of the STM-N.
for individual AUat B and D
for individual TUat A, E and F
no TU AIS
MS-SPRing Misconnection and Squelch Control
Sq elch Table of MS SPRing
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2
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n
VC-3/VC-12
in AU-4
VC-3/VC-12
Add/Dro p
VC-3/VC-12
all through
VC-4 (VC organized AU)
through
VC-4 (VC organized AU) through
(at intermediate nodes)
AU-4
?1 k
West East
?2
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n j
-*
W est East
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n
West East
?4
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n ji k
i ?3Squelch Table
AU-4 through node : The node where VC-4 cross connect level is applied to the AU-4.
AU-4 termination node :The node where VC-3/VC-12 cross connect level is applied to the AU-4 in question,
regardless cross connections, either all through or several add/drop connections.
* VC-4 cross connect level requires
no squelch table.
-*
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n AU-4 #n
AU-4 #m
AU-4 #n
AU-4 Path (i) (j) (k)
Node ID No.
i
Node ID No.
j
Node ID No.
k
STM-N STM-NSTM-NMS-SP
Ring
West East West East West East
Squelch Table of MS-SPRing
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2
4/2 FiberMultiplex Section Shared Protection (MS-SP) Ring
(4/2 Fiber Bi-directional Line Switch Ring - BLSR)
- Transoceanic Application -
4/2 Fiber MS-SPRing / 4/2F-BLSR
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2
g- Transoceanic Application -
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2
Inter Locked Ring (ILR)
Inter Locked Ring (ILR)
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3
Primary
node
Secondary
node
Primary
node
Secondary
node
No. 1 Ring No. 2 Ring
ring failurelink failure
Inter Locked Ring (ILR)
Inter Locked MS-SPRing (1)
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3
g(P-S Connection: on working channel)
SSSS
Secondary node
Primary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1
SSSS
MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1
Secondary node
Primary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
normal
ring failure
working
protection
working
protection
Inter Locked MS-SPRing (2)
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3
(P-S Connection: on working channel)
SSSS
Secondary node
Primary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1
working
protection
Inter Locked MS-SPRing (3)
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3
(P-S Connection: on protection channel)
SS
Secondary node
Primary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1
Secondary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
normal
ring failure
SSSS
protection
working
SS
transferworking
Primary node
protection
SS
Inter Locked MS-SPRing (4)
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3
SS
Secondary node
Primary node
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
MS-SP Ring No.2 MS-SP Ring No.1
SS
SS
transferprotection
working
(P-S Connection: on protection channel)
Inter Locked MS-SPRing
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3
(SNCP Ring - SNCP Ring)
SN-CP Ring No.1 SN-CP Ring No.2
Double Failure on Link and Ring (SNCP/ILR)
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3
Primary
node
Secondary
node
Primary
node
Secondary
node
SNCP ring
or
MS-SP ring
SNCP ring PPS
unprotected bouble failure
protected bouble failure
Double Failure on Link and Ring (SNCP/ILR)
Inter Locked Ring
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3
SS
SN-CP Ring MS-SP Ring
(SNCP - MS-SP)
Review Questions
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3
Fill up the space enclosed in parentheses in the following sentence with correct words.
1. For the 1+1 line system, only the failure line is transferred to the protection line, this
transfer is called ( a ). Even if failure is only on one direction, both lines are
transferred to the protection lines. This transfer is called ( b ).
2. For the 1+1 linear system, the protection line can be used to transport an ( a )
traffic. This system is called ( b ) ( c ) access system.
3. For the APS of the ring, the maximum number of nodes on a ring is ( a ). The
node number start from ( b ) to ( c ). The number assignment is not
necessarily in ( d ).
4. For linear APS, there are various switching priority, the top of the list of switchpreemption priority is ( a ).
5. Both line and path switched rings can be implemented by either as a ( a )-
directional ring, or as a ( b )-directional ring.
6. What stands for ILR( a ) ( b )( c )?
Q