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Copyright © 2017 All rights Reserved by 5G Giga Service Research Lab., ETRI

5G 기술의 진화 방향- What is the next of 5G Technologies? -

November 8, 2018

미래이동통신연구본부 김태중

초연결통신연구소

Copyright © 2018 All rights Reserved by Future Mobile Communication Division, ETRI

I. Opening

II. 5G Specifications

III. 5G Core Network

IV. 5G Cross(X)-haul

V. 5G RAN gNode-B

VI. 5G RAN UE

VII. 5G Convergence Services

VIII. Wayforwordfor 5G and Beyond 5G

IX. Conclusions

Contents

G5Opening

G5• 5G Key Services

• 5G Vision & Key Capabilities

• 5G Specifications - 3GPP NR and IMT-2020

5G Specifications


5G Key Services

5

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Massive Internet of ThingsLow Latency Services

5G

IoT

Immersive Service Ubiquitous Service

Autonomous Service

Intelligent Service

Public Service


5G Vision & Key Capabilities

6

q Key capabilities of IMT-2020v Inter-relation between the three usage scenarios & Key Capabilities

Peak Data Rate: DL(UL)

Area TrafficCapacity

*) Energy Efficiency: Inspection

ConnectionDensity

{eMBB, URLLC} Latency (User/Control)

Mobility/Interruption Time

Spectrum Efficiency(Peak/5th/Average)

User ExperiencedData Rate: DL(UL)Gbps

20(10)Mbps

100(50)

bps/Hz, Times30(15)/3/3

Mbps/m210

km/h/msec500/0

per km2106

msec(4,1)/(20,20)Reliability 1-10-5

32 byte

BandwidthMHz100(1000)


5G Specifications - 3GPP NR & IMT-2020

7

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5G Vison 5G Proposals 5G Specifications5G Technical Req.

Rel.15(SA)

Rel.15(NSA)

Rel.16

q ITU-R and 3GPP Schedulesv Phase Approach for 5G early deploymentv New (below 6GHz, cmWave, mmWave) bands

LicensedBand

Frequency

UnlicensedBand

IncumbentLicensed Band

cmWAVEmmWAVE

G5• 5G Immersive convergence services

• 5G Intelligent convergence services

• 5G Ubiquious convergence services

• 5G Autonomous convergence services

• 5G Public convergence services

5G Convergence Services


5G Convergence Services - Immersive

9

Immersive: eMBB and LLC• Definition: 5G Convergence service requiring eMBB and Low-Latency with limited mobility• Key: Cloud-RAN, MEC, D2D Relay, Multi-point transmission (UDN)

AUSFAUSF

AMFAMF SMFSMF

PCFPCF AFAF

IMSoverlay

UDM CMF

DNBM-SC

Immersive-PSS

Immersive-SCMEC

5G RANMEC

UPF

Content Server(AR,VR/UHD)

Tens of Tbps

Core Network – Control Plane

Core Network – User Plane

Core Network – Service Plane

Tens of Tbps

Low latency < 0.5ms

CU-C

NG-C

Xn-C

NG-U

Xn-U

Cloud Radio Access NetworkDU

CU-U

Central CP entity

Distributed entity

Central UP entity

E1Xn-C Xn-U

NG-UNG-C

UDM: Unified Data ManagementAUSF: Authentication Server FunctionPCF: Policy Control FunctionAMF: Core Access and Mobility Management FunctionSMF: Session Management FunctionUPF: User plane FunctionDN: Data network, e.g. operator services, Internal accessPSS: Packet-switched streaming serviceCMF: Context Management FunctionBM-SC: Broadcast-Multicast Service Center

대용량20 Gbps

D2D/Relay

Immersive-PSSImmersive-PSS

>10Tbps

UEImmersive

Application

UEImmersive

Application


5G Convergence Services - Intelligent

10

Intelligent: eMBB, UR and mMTC• Definition: 5G Convergence service requiring eMBB, High Reliability and Massive Connectivity with

limited mobility• Key: Flexible topology(such as D2D, ad-hoc), Self Organizing Networks, Multipoint transmission (UDN)

Access Link

Flexible Topology


5G Convergence Services - Ubiquitous

11

Ubiquitous: mMTC• Definitions: 5G Convergence service requiring Massive Connectivity with limited mobility• Key: Energy/Cost Efficiency, Moving Base station(Relay), Support of Heterogeneous Devices,

Contents Centric Network(CCN)

AggregatedConnections

Moving Relay


5G Convergence Services - Autonomous

12

Autonomous: eMBB, URLLC• Definitions: 5G Convergence service requiring eMBB, Low-Latency and High Reliability with high mobility• Key: Moving Base station(Relay), Ultra Accurate Positioning, Vehicle-to-Vehicle, MEC


5G Convergence Services - Public

13

Public eMBB, URLLC• Definition: 5G Convergence service requiring eMBB, High Reliability and Massive Connectivity with

limited mobility• Key: Moving Base station(Relay), Mech Network, In-building solution

XCU : Xhaul Control UnitXFU : Xhaul Forwarding UnitISN-PSCSN: ISN-based Public Safety Convergence NW

Wireline LinkMXN Xhaul LinkRadio Access Link

ISN Type-A/B/C/D : ISN 구성의 대표적 유형

G5• 5G Core Network – Enabling Technologies

• 5G Core Network – Architectures

• 5G Core Network – Network Slicing

5G Core Networks


5G Core Network – Enabling Technology

15

Remove the legacy mobile core’s inefficiency and provide massive traffic delivery, user-centric mobility and network edge-based services for 5G

5G CoreEnabling Technologies

Access-agnostic & unified core networkIncorporate new mobile access

technologies with little impact as possible

New IP MobilityMinimize signaling overhead and

resource consumption in networks required to control mobility

Multi-RAT integration & managementFacilitate a uniform multi-RAT management

and convergence among different access technologies including Wi-Fi

Flexible & lightweight signaling procedureSupport connectionless services for the applications which generate short burst traffic

Support low-latencySupport low-latency network services by embracing various services on network edges and reducing signaling delay

Distributed network architectureThe hierarchical network architecture in which traffic is concentrated onto an anchor node to be changed into more flexible distributed network architecture


5G Core Network – Architecture

16

Access Technology-Agnostic Single Converged Network Architecture• Various access points, including IMT-2020 RATs, Wi-Fi AP, and even fixed network access

points, are connected to converged gateway (CGW), e.g., access technology-agnostic unified control entity (UCE)

• CP/UP are split(CUPS) and defined in standardized interfaces for their interaction

CGW

IntegratedBackhaul

Micro Data Center

Unified Control Entity (UCE)

WiFi

5G

5GWiFi

Wired

Distributed on Network Edge

CGW

MicroData Center

Converged Gateway (CGW)

Integrated Backhaul

Micro Data Center (MDC)

Unified Control Entity (UCE)


5G Core Network – Network Slicing

17

Network Slicing may give a chance for SME and Telco • Telco and SME will drive the network slicing for network flexibility and multi-tenancy• Network Slicing gives flexibility to many convergence services including Edge computing

E2E Network Slice구조 Network Slicing 개념 구성도

G5• 5G Cross(X)-hauls – Architectures

• 5G Cross(X)-hauls – Backhaul

• 5G Cross(X)-hauls – Midhaul

• 5G Cross(X)-hauls – Fronthaul

• 5G Cross(X)-hauls – Repeater (Wireless)

5G Cross(X)-hauls


5G Cross(X)-hauls – Architecture

19

Deployment based on peak data rate

DU RU

RU

RU

RU

RU

RU4G Cloud-RAN 구조

CU DU

DU

DU

RU

RU

RU5G Cloud-RAN 구조

Midhaul

Fronthaul

Backhaul

5G RAN Cross(X)haul Architecture’s Characteristics

So high bandwidth is required for 5G Cross(X)-hauls

Much Flexibility is implemented for 5G Cross(X)-hauls

RU

RU

AU


5G Cross(X)-hauls – Backhaul

20

High capacity is required for tighter latency and higher data rate

So many small cells will be deployed densely in indoor environments (full mesh)

Deployment based on peak data rate

High backhaul capacity is required for tighter latency and higher data rate

Dense gNB interface (Xn) will require high backhaul capacity

NGXn

gNB gNB

gNB gNB

gNB gNB(CU)

gNB(DU)

gNB(DU)

gNB(DU)

Fronthaul


5G Cross(X)-haul – Midhaul(Metrohaul)

21

Function Split (e.g., Option-2) is mandatory(?) for 5G network deployment.

Function Splits are the opportunities for SME?

5G RAN Midhaul/Fronthaul require critical wideband capacitiesdue to wide frequency bands and multiple Antenna-RF chains

Function Splits (e.g., Option-6, 7 or 8) is selected for network deployment

RRC PDCP H-RLC L-RLC H-MAC L-MAC H-PHY L-PHY RF/IF

DataOption 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5

CU DU RU

Midhaul Fronthaul

CU DU RU

Option 8Option 7Option 6


5G Cross(X)-haul – Repeater

22

Repeater will require Beamforming for gNB-side in order toextend the coverage and reduce the interference with UE side beam

How to reduce the number of repeaters for gNB with sharp beam?

5G RAN Wireless Repeater should be modified forsupporting beamforming transmission and coverage extensions

CU AU DU

Midhaul Fronthaul

How to implement the wireless Repeaterfor indoor small cell without backhaul?

G5• 5G RAN gNode-B – Cell Deployment

• 5G RAN Cell Planning

• 5G RAN gNode-B – Beamforming

• 5G RAN gNode-B - Measurements

5G RAN gNode-B


5G RAN gNodeB – Cell Deployment

24

Major vendor will implement 5G RAN gNodeB Macrocells.

5G NR cell will be initially(’19.1Q) deployed in non-standalone mode. • LTE deals for the outdoor coverage • 5G NR will be deployed for specific mission (eMBB and/or URLLC)

For 4G era, small cell was for SME area. But for 5G, major vendor may make the small cells because above 6GHz cell will be in one-box type.

For NSA, 5G RAN gNodeB small cell should be interfaced with LTE based macrocell. It will give some difficulties on competition of SME and Major Vendor

For SA, 5G RAN gNodeB Small Cell will be still for SME area?


5G RAN gNodeB – Cell Planning

25

Channel model mismatches with realistic channel environments

5G NR Cell Planning will be different with 4G initially• Channel model is not exact to real channel environments• Cell Planning is not critical because above 6GHz cell does not deal with coverage

It is difficult to measure the Time-Varying Channels for above 6GHz because of beam-sweeping and channel variations.


5G RAN gNodeB – Beamforming

26

5G RAN gNodeB beamforming should be calibrated frequently.

5G NR is different with 4G LTE in beamforming transmissions• Beamforming is for extension of coverage, but it increases the outage rates

Multiple beams will be overlaid with sweeping(common) and tracking (dedicated)

5G RAN gNodeB requires adaptive beamformingsfor multiple user equipments simultaneously by realistic resource scheduling.


5G RAN gNodeB – Measurements

27

In order to measure(E.I.R.P) and certify 5G RAN gNodeB beamforming transmission, new certification procedure and method should be developed.

Above 6GHz beamforming (connected with antenna) can’t be measured through feedline connection

Baseband Modem

B6G RF Transceiver

Front-EndModule

AntennaB6G IF Transceiver

Spectrum Analyzer

DUFronthaul

A6G RF Transceiver

A6G IF Transceiver

CPRI

IFoF Beam former FEM Antenna

Feed line

CU/AU

For 5G RAN gNodeB maintenance, it is necessary to measure on-the-air the transmission signals.


5G RAN gNodeB – Virtualization

28

Enabling high-quality coverage and capacity in any environment, virtual RAN (vRAN) solution is ideal for neutral host In-Building/Campus, Metro, and Mega-scale networks via the Communication as a Service (CaaS) business model, allowing for better communication – everywhere.

gNodeB functions will be virtualized(shared) in the clould universal platforms, in order to support 5G convergence mission-specific services

Virtual RAN Solution Architecture

G5• 5G RAN UE power consumption

• 5G RAN UE Beamforming Solutions

• 5G RAN UE IF/IF configuration

• 5G RAN UE Radio Conformance Test Environments

5G RAN User Equipment


5G RAN UE – Power Consumption

30

5G RAN UE with above 6GHz band requires high power consumption

Low Power Efficiency of Power Amplifier for above 6GHz band (≈10%)

Mu

Wideband Envelope Tracking Modulator issue

Mu

Effective antenna load tuner for hand-held devices


5G RAN UE – Beamforming Solutions

31

Mu

Complexity issue due to multiple antenna/RF transceivers and beamformerwith attenuators and phase shifter

5G RAN UE with above 6GHz band requires adjustable (adaptive/switched) beamforming in order to avoid link failure

5G RAN UE beamforming should be calibrated frequently


5G RAN UE – RF/IF Configuration

32

Mu

Direct Conversion is not efficient for above 6GHz band due to IIP2 (?). So Intermediate Frequency is required.

5G RAN UE with above 6GHz band requires a new configuration for RF/IF, PEM and Antenna

What is the best Intermediate Frequency for above 6GHz bands? 3G? 10G?

Power Amplifier(FEM) should be near to Antenna due to high connection loss between FEM and antenna. Also RF transceiver should be close to FEM module

IF and RF transceivers may be separated according to the IF frequency, so IF transceivers may be integrated with BB modem.

Specifications of IF and RF transceivers will be dependent upon frequency allocation(auction) of Telco’s bands


5G RAN UE – RCT Environments

33

Mu

Beamforming is implemented by combination of attenuators and phase shifters and antenna. So the equipment should be wireless-connected with UE.

4G RCT and PCT equipment is wired-connected with UE. Can the equipment and UE be wired-connected?

Wireless connection will make some reflected waves and pass loss between the equipment and UE. So the radio conformance test may not be accurate according to the shield room environment

So accurate compensation rule should be defined in order to wired-connect the equipment and UE.

G5• 5G (IMT-2020) Usage Scenarios

• Wayforward for 5G and beyond 5G

• Wayforward – Moving Networks

• Wayforward – Ultra-Density

5G Wayforward


5G (IMT-2020) Usage Scenarios

35

Enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-high Reliability and Low Latency, and Massive Connectivity

Source: ITU-R, IMT Vision

3D

Sensor

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Massive IoT Low Latency

Gigabytes in a second

UHD/3D

Cloud Office

VR/AR(가상/증강현실)

공장자동화

자율주행차

Mission critical broadband

지능형 CCTV

Voice

스마트시티

Capacity Enhancement

Ultra-high reliability & Low LatencyMassive Connectivity


Wayforward for 5G and beyond 5G

36

Wayford for Beyond 5G: Ultra Density and Moving NetworkSource: ETRI 5G Insight 2.0

Moving Network

Ultra Density

Multi-connectivity

Energy(cost) efficiencyMission-specific

VR/AR(가상/증강현실)

원격화상회의

Sensor

지능형 CCTV

자율주행차

3D UHD/3D

공장자동화

Gigabytes in a second인공지능서비스

스마트시티

Moving Train

WAVELET

Multi-hop Access

자율드론

Wearable IoT

Wearable Glass


Wayforward – Moving Networks

37

Vehicular Type Machine Network

Moving Network: a communication network for vehicular type machines• New network for Interaction between vehicle-to-human and vehicle-to-vehicle• Give mobility to network nodes, as well as to mobile terminals, in order to obtain the network

efficiency and deployment according to moving traffics

Vehicular Type Machine Network

Mobile Communication Network

Device possessed by Human

Machine type Device자율주행 자동차 서비스

로봇/드론 기반 서비스


Wayforward – Moving Networks

38

Moving Networking for next generation RAN


Wayforward – Ultra-Density

39

Ultra-Dense Network:

대표도대표도Use CaseUse CaseMR Service in Stadium Shopping Infortainment

Problem StatementProblem Statement

Area Traffic Capacity>100Mbps/m2

Area Traffic Capacity>100Mbps/m2

User Ex. Data Rate: 1Gbps

User Ex. Data Rate: 1Gbps

E2E Latency(OneWay): 5 ms

E2E Latency(OneWay): 5 ms

§ Aeral Capacity will approach to 1o times of 5G

10배10배 1배 UDN 대표 개념도

• New RAN solution locating densely transmission ports in order to increase areal capacity and obtain user experienced data rates stationarily



40

pCell (personal Cell) :• pCell enables every user to utilize the full capacity of the spectrum at once • Backhaul(fronthaul) solution is not realistic (in bandwidth and in cost)

Cellular vs. pCell RF power distribution Cellular vs. pCell SINR

Source: Artemis Networks LLC



41

Self-Xhauled Network(SXN):• Ultra-Densely located Network with Self-Backhauling/Fronthauling

4242

ETRI 5G Wayforward – Mission Specific Network

Smart Factory§ Smart Factory: 5G/B5G 기반저지연.고신뢰, 초연결, 대용

량통신을활용한공장내생산자동화사물네트워크§ 도서, 산간, 해양등통신취약환경의공장들을포함한,제

조공장별, 공장간, 공장-오피스간을연결하는5G/B5G 기반광역팩토리사물네트워크구축기술개발

§ 다양한BigData, AI, CPS 플랫폼과의실시간연동

Autonomous Vehicles§ 트래픽 밀집성 및 단말 이동성을 요구하는 도로환경

을 위한 초고주파 기반 광대역 무선통신 핵심원천기술

§ Network Connected Autonomous Driving§ Ultra Reliable and Tiny Latency Communications

Copyright © 2017 All rights Reserved by 5G Giga Service Research Lab., ETRI

Mission-specific 개념

43

IoT

• 재난 대응

• 실감나는 통신

• 통신 보안성 강화

• 원격 제어

• 무인 감시

Mission-specific technologies

Missions RequiredMissions Required

Ultra Reliable Low Latency Commun.

Mission critical broadbandAugmented/Virtual reality

Security

Public Safety Network


Wayforward – Mission Specific

44

Mission-specific RAN• Reconfigurable RAN specific and optimized to a Convergence Services in universal platform

• Smart Factory: 5G/B5G 기반 공장 내 생산 자동화 사물 네트워크

• Autonomous Vehicle:

§ 도서, 산간, 해양등통신취약환경의공장들을포함한,제조공장별, 공장간, 공장-오피스간을연결하는5G/B5G 기반광역팩토리사물네트워크구축기술개발

§ 다양한BigData, AI, CPS 플랫폼과의실시간연동

§ 트래픽 밀집성 및 단말 이동성을 요구하는 도로환경을 위한 광대역 무선통신 네트워크§ Network Connected Autonomous Driving§ Ultra Reliable and Tiny Latency Communications

G5Conclusions


Conclusions

46

5G is a chance for the fourth Industrial Revolution ?- Other industries consider 5G as only a tool for their evolution/revolution- Reliable commercialization is more important than early one (Driver = Show, Putter = Money)

5G will contribute to make many new markets- SME will try to enter the existing major player’s market (?)- Unearth new niche markets in initial commercialization period- Create new revolutional markets

5G commercialization schedule- 5G demonstration service in ‘18.02- 5G specifications will be released in‘18.6 in Early version - 5G commercialization from ‘19.1Q

Thank You !!!

• • • Visiting AddressElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, KOREA

+82-42-860-6114

www.etri.re.kr

Tae Joong KIM Assistant Vice-President

[email protected] +82-42-860-6240

Future Mobile Communication Division

Hyper-Connection Communication Lab.

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

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