5.formal informal comm channels

CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

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CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION

FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

Formal communication The process of sharing official information with others

who need to know it, according to the prescribed patterns depicted in an organization chart.

Formal CommunicationPresident

VicePresident

Manager Manager Manager Manager

Efforts at coordination

Info

rmat

ion

Instructions and directives

Types of Formal Communication Downward communication:

Supervisory communication initiated by upper managementFlows downward through hierarchy of commandInstructions, directions, orders

Upward communication:Flow of information from lower levels to higher levels

within an organization in the form of data required to complete projects status reports suggestions for improvement, new ideas

Horizontal communicationCommunication between two or more

persons who are working at the same level.It seeks coordination and cooperation

Diagonal Communication flowing between people

belonging to different levels of hierarchy and having no direct reporting relationship.

It quickens the information flow and improves understanding

Formal Communication ModesTYPE OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION

MODE USED

Downward Memo, Letters, Handbooks, Pamphlets, Policy statements, Procedures

Upward Reports, complaints and suggestions, open door policy etc

Horizontal/Lateral

interdepartmental meetings and written communications

Diagonal/Crosswise

company newspaper or magazine, Bulletin boards, General notices, Formal conferences

Informal CommunicationInformation shared without any formally

imposed obligations or restrictionsDeviation from the planned communicationBased on personal relationsUsually follows through an informal Chat or

Grapevine

11/18/2003

Informal Networks: Grapevine

Chain

AJB

D H I

FGE

Gossip

F B D

HCE

KG I

Probability

Cluster

Chainevery member passes on information, but to just one person

Gossipone person passes on information to all the others that he

encounters Probability Chain

no structureA is very talkative and outgoing type, passes on information

to random contacts Cluster

information is passed on to selected personsmost common patternselectivity: pass on information to people with whom you

are in close contact

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