572 chapter 6-7 presentation

7/29/2019 572 Chapter 6-7 Presentation

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Applying the Principles of

Modality and Redundancy

Chapters 6 & 7

Matthew, Ryan, Lorena

Cal Poly PomonaInstructional Design

for Educational Multimedia (GED572)

Winter 2013

http://google.com

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http://google.com/http://google.com/


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Chapter 6

Applying the Modality Principle

Modality Principle

Present Words as Audio Narration

Rather Than On-Screen Text

when its feasible to use audio, there is considerable evidence that presenting

words in audio rather than on-screen text can result in significant learning gains

Clark & Mayer

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The Modality Principle

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Evaporation

The sun evaporates water from plants,oceans, lakes, and streams

Condensation

As the air rises, it cools. The water vaporcondenses into tiny droplets of water. Thedroplets crowd together and form clouds

Precipitation

Wind blows clouds towards the land. Thetiny droplets join together and fall asprecipitation to the ground.

The water soaks into the ground and collectsin rivers and lakes. The water cycle thatnever ends has started again!

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The Water Cycle


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The Water Cycle

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Modality Principle

Narration should be used rather than on-screen text

to describe graphics, especially when presentation is

Complex

Fast-paced

Verbal material is familiar or short

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The Water Cycle


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Psychological advantage to using audio presentation

Cognitive Theory of Learning

People have separate information processing

channels for visual/pictorial processing and forauditory/verbal processing

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Cognitive Theory & Research Evidence

support the use of narration rather than on-screen text whenever the

graphic (animation, videos, or series of static frames) is the focus of the

words and both are presented simultaneously

Rationale is that learners may experience an overload of their

visual/pictorial channel when they must simultaneously process graphics

and the printed words that refer to them

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Limitations to the Modality Principle

Technical limitations to create sound

bandwidth

sound cards

headsets

Noise (in learning environment)

Unreasonable expense

Difficult to update rapidly changing information

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Limitations

Words should remain available to the learning

for memory support, particularly when they

are

Technical

Unfamiliar

Not in the learners native language

Needed for future reference

Key words that identify steps of a procedure

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Psychological Reasons

Information acquisition view of learning approach

Clark & Mayer - the instructional professionals

job is to present information in a way that isconsistent with how people learn

The book adopts the cognitive theory of

multimedia learning in which learning dependsboth on the information that is presented and onthe cognitive processes used by the learnerduring learning

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Psychological Advantages

Cognitive Theory of Learning

People have separate information processing channels for

visual/pictorial processing and for auditory/verbal processing

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Overloading of Visual Channel with

Written Text and Graphics

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Multimedia Memory Systems

sensory memory working memory


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Balancing Content Across

Visual and Auditory Channels with Narration and Graphics

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Multimedia Memory Systems

sensory memory working memory


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Evidence for Using Spoken Rather Than Printed Text

Do students learn more deeply from graphics

with speech than from graphics with on-

screen text, as suggested by cognitive theory?

Studies

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When the Modality Principle Applies

The modality principle applies

When using graphics and their verbal

commentary at the same time

Material is complex and presented at a rapid

continuous pace

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Chapter 7:

Applying the Redundancy Principle

Explain Visuals with

Words in Audio or Text: Not Both

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Redundancy Principle

Graphics explained using identical text and audio narration

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Credits

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlA

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HioP8Hv1MlA

572 chapter 6-7 presentation

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