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    f TRP P] c PuAPR P fvb TSj V )V*{ f RP d *{ W f RP Fd\ ci

    P{ f| Pcl RP ~ Pcl O y| RP ~ dPNPRf P

    Pi { Tcj fvb (P dKK TiP NP q|R TYj fvb

    "5 P fvb d *{ P m j ( fvb T~d fvb P|Wl TRP hR RP fvb RP|Z

    f i fvb d \T|] Um PNPp_ tWcK [gK e *{ dW|V T{ Tp Pi { [WV dWK P P P_ y| Tf TSvbdW S]V TrPf PfW iP d\ e~ z] PV Pd|V

    XZ dR P d| qcj|R TNP d P{ e Tr ~ P TvjR Tp VKV VP_ i fb V PSW{ |sV d P f (

    f vb j d| P pcl d_ ncl P TrP| PRPoh\ P NP gK bR TrPf VPfV WV f]R e P d_ d|i P W U vc PW P| d| *{NK PK PWb fu { T|Sv Pvb T{] PV PWzRg Pvb i PPd TR 9 Td Z d\ P k|^o P s T P j PV f PjV g oP{qcWi P ncl d{PR _ QSjR VP PW_

    j U|SV

    Z { fPR i P|] P PSi e fZ |W Jl fvb PWi _ d|V e Pd z P Fj{ QiPW PK fvb Pm e R d] d tK fvb b T_PSj PP_z P|W PRf f oK ~ WjSi P {d P iPS dV d |v TNPRf Pdp TPj Ps| P] f~ *{ PW_ TP| Tu T{ TSl Pl d P s Tm fPK mV

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    QpP gNP] feV @ -\ S| f\ Td Pi Pfb QSi e gNP] WR PW_ { f dgV T V (

    d| ]PR PW {d s PJmR T_ h

    fy TpR e Uj

    be 9Nf ddWPR |W P P\f u m| PjP f V fV sR Vd| UjV d PY P fvb rf|Wi P\f f PY K fvb S]W *{ { s TSu TP{bdW T PR@K PV d| { W P\f Nd{T]W j W P s|R s|R W P T]{ b K dcK uP|V

    dgV Pj P\f R Tf| ] Ux e

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    SfWjK

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    *{ P *{ JW OmR Sb W|\ Td Tp e @| i m P| Wj

    P *{ JW OmR Sb gVS\ P]R P lz\ JW P4 WdcWi e oV e P P P P| P]R "{ WP PV |r f~ P j l P| P7 2bRQQHOO +LVWRU\ RI T|P]PR PW f _ jR j

    /LIH ,QVXUDQFH LQ ,WV (DUO\ TPK S e jV z Nf e TPR U]{ P ^r TPRP\ U)i To Pl P aV Sj e Pcl ^PoJR zWWV W NPx s r \d JW (b i d{ eRPv d] fb QP] *{ TNP | TOR QVf *{ fVW d|d T|Sv z h P z P {P PWb P e Pp

    PP{ i W_ P{ TNPp_ P|W gVS\ P]VfuPcK Pj_ VP V K W JW (b v f~ *{ TiP PRP{d Pi *{ PW| K dd|

  • ?V dR TSv Pl

    TP T\dR zWW P SiP ncl JW Sb Q| Tpcl P{ f{ e lUl {{ dj] =cm s(b T|\ USs~ W\ W d hPm JV Sc j P\ P{ ) P| *{ PW if P| @ PW| T\d JWP| d| PrPfPR i f|m fNPY fJ JW (b dj]Vb P{ VJ d l TSjR ^o ~ dj]V T{PW\Ts TlPm *{ P fR d]R QV) JW (b lUPW{ )i \ lPj{ PP P CWj

    TZd_ P

    QL yLSC AOPZw PSm ) m j T V dg P s Z f| dW W_ f| pW T_f P u |s d| *{

    d U{PrPR -_ d ]dW IW dj] TfK vS d P]V zvWi

    fS 3PK f f| vR T|WK QiPK UP feW zvWi P PuA 9W fK QSjR P d| gV QiPK P |\fV TYPd o d lfu *{ fvj { gfK g]| Pl {dWV{ hW fPSm ^ c ^ _ d *{ ZV P_ P P |\W e fcp fv SmV TbcmP P

    f b P Po T]W NddK U d zvWj P d] fV P d]R

    Sp|WK TNPZWV TiPi T\R T| d|R d_ oW TsP~ T{ TbcmP TP PSi ddV |] TPj TY Pc P d|V PSi *{ QSjK QSj R p ( Ts|K ZWV PR TP P S|o

    ffK Qe e TP fK ) dK ^r P h PZK

    P Tbcm QSj P e QeK fy T " { T j P WO r Tbcm Pfy dVSi dV T]W Tbcm dV lP S{{ T{ PoR Tbcm fy

  • / TP

    c QSj PjP P Py j]P c WjK *{ WfK o { P Ng\ {dV POg] V fb djJWf fK ^p P Q f PsS PK oPK PWP TfT\ | RP ~ QSj y dd\ vR Pj u v dW s

    f Tbcm TP Si { PR f\ e fy f f

    W POg] e { [WV Tbcm f e] Tfy QeV TcPR Ts {PW { djKK | JmV f P) V7 KV e {PW ddl fWj ~ P s P TOS \) YJW Tbcm V )K Pc b }PR NP dKK bd ldpV{ PPj\ |R Tc T *{ POg] WPW dj PsK TNe K i P|S eR |W Z

    f e] Q|V PR P{ P UR PW W dm P]W Ud PsS PKP jPR To T| f *{ P h TsP~ [NPW & *{ dj Ps dcWiPR Uf\

    TP{ pR Tbcm QSjV f e] P vW Pi Tf\ Ti Tbcm TdS f{ TOjK P] ddV Q|p USY d P FY T]( Ty T{ dd| d TWRPY _f d|V Tbcm fYPW L z Tbcm W e Y [P( T]W Tbcm m P PdZTbcm d| P d_ P \ P QSjW P PRfvr TY vWd P_ TS fJR TRPo P q|R K P @S ddg & dd d_ \ Pm fb P_ fK

    m P|r TWi Pf{ vW s d PK d vW Tfy P| f| dW dS PW_ d_ TiPW d V P d| dgV T{U Pg P P f| _ U TOi Q{ P W P] PWb l{ WjK dj]{ i { v fb PW_ f| fS

  • ?V dR TSv Pl

    T\Pc PvbPR +K P| o fZ fYPW K npcV sPWP dV T PNP TNP TP| d{P @ P F d z

    d{P V dWV W PNP Z |W P f| dW z

    xPw |z q lP d_{ f "RdV f d|V *{ PZ Pl P FW_

    f Tbcm Uj TP| Tc TY { Z_PR d_ iPR i e PmW ePif fy d e PV S f _ jV PWSWjK d_W V i { v q fW g]R WV P|\Tc T{PvWi | dV _ PWi TRP P|K P{Wj PSj [( f Pc Wj *{ K f {d dS P fYPWV QVfV P{ Pd Pif zV P P s d W

    Pj fV f] dR PuA 9N QSi Pjs{ [j P\ mR @S d Tbcm fPy t jW*{ f e Sv T]W K Pc lT_ |r{ mV _f| dW lTbcm{ f\ TuPjSR ncl P P s OK T{] f] Uj PV Tbcm T| f Trf{ fZ pP { Z_PS PSW UWm Ps P|R f *{ g) f

    f z\ mV W Tbcm TP| kW fNPu d f| dWV P P{ dS q|R dW z u gV V TPm PvK k| o fR fNPu

    W WN dS gV e|WK P s Pf\ dPb Pb d|V Y f| W *{ d _j f| pW fb Ps{ { TO Pi*{ amV d ) NP fK Tjf zV Pd q T{ T{5( jP g fS Pu5 k i fcp j g YP *{ TP f Trf{ fZ TPl |r h P FiPdV z TRpb fZ ^SpV oV V z\ P Fi fo y

  • / TP

    ++

    +

    +

    ++

    +

    +

    +_

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    R fyV Tbcm TPjK | d|K bdW m ^r l P] u PR o *{ dj]WV W TP *{ TRP] TSj PY |W _ d_ P W_ | V W Q|p fYPW&DURO 9OHFN ,RZD 6WDWHPF P{ TOS PSV p d_ fZJR f

    8QLYHUVLW\ DQG 6SULQJHU

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    _ rf{ fS P d_ Wi c *{ _ PZ Pd{ ) Pj] *{ f_ d| ) TWiP\ z\ fV hjSVW

    PpWb W d k| P Fj] P_ dR |WV T TK f R fV QSi z\f P| PvTvjS WP_ Pd|R | XR 9] [s T_fK o d|R Tj|

    eR TP P e P fV dR

  • ?V dR TSv Pl

    f| vR zWW TRPcW gK P f e P e |V TRPo Q]V W V z P FoPb Pg fS Pu5 dcWjQSj R ToPb dj Ps fcp j d\ d P TfvR PuAPRv T|Sv TRPcW P P_ Z f| ~ P]l TPm TSv PK k| e vR i T f|\ P d fWj P T_g fx Pm| m Tufc fRpPR \ fZ f| e NP dK [s dd\ fdr ^jW P PSi d\ e P P d]V VPf p VPWS ^W

    Tbcm T| Tbcm fyV W fy W\ R Wb tjR _ PPOg] Wj *{ ) W T]W dV Tbcm T\R Tj TRP\ V d Pj dj\ fK POR 5 J dj\ W Pfb QP] *{ d|R P oW W Pj d s o P \ f TP fZ P fZ P_ |] P] d_ \ TOS IW W T\Pc PSi z\ *{ Ps zvWj f| dW T{ yV W ddW TRP P] PSm TN PT]{ dV *{ P PVd JmR eR NPW Z_PS |]

    TP VPWj { Pj f{ Pv dg g

    w w |z QWJw Dh 8

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    P Tp d P PpW

  • / TP

    d_ P P pV P T{ V d Tp P qS

    fW P f g_ Ps Pi d_ ^vi *{ | P dR T T\S P| Uj T|uP pR

    fRP{

    f P fV N ] QiP f *{ \K P Q{ Tfv f{ @S PVP_ P

    PR) *{ T\ T]dV dV T{ JR vV o d TNm| 2 fvr F PPY s ^vp PR)/ W dW e WV T\S P| dS P FfPx P|K dgK gfV *{

    P ( TR P PyW fZ p _ fb _ ~{ S P dW JR Py h NP Tc P|KPSW{ P P TPv dV zr dR T\S P PR)

    pV P P sc Pd PR) d| *{ SV T PNP zvWjV fvr Pj_ *{ QjW R zWWV e Py e~ o TPv *{ T POg] yV zS Ns ZW PWjV W TNe 6P| fvr P *{ PR) fy dR hm s TNm| TPv

    TNm{ TPv Pl fZ f_ P *{ P fy ( T\dR dKTPrPR f [ W V PF P FNP {PV hm r g Ns ZW [VP f TOS f zm fb P ] fi

    k| PdcWj W TPvPR PR) d| P {PL TdK Pj K ;PR dSV d hm z PPR #[|VP #d| V eR hm r WPvR y tKP P f Pi^vi TZ|SK gfK TbPj T|mK TPv R Tvi Tf_ Tv *{f]K R NP Ps TPv TscK PV UWmK PS PjK hm

    mNm{ d TZ g f P f] { PuLR PR) PdVTPp o y TWRPY pR ) TOg] {PW T TP V PR) P dj]W *{ P iK PZ fPg f d|

    dV dV aK *{ fvV W f|PR TvSVfK T{PW W TSl o

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    TS = 5800 K TE = 280 K TU = 3 K

    P g PZWi d| t fWjK \ dS lT\K TyK TPv *{ P TSj PR) dp fvrTvi f_ T\ d{ tK V PVP hm P sPV WV Y f_ T\ f_ P|lL Ps fWV PVf_ ldPb{ PV T T\ TPS PVfR ldpK{ d_ i tK )| hm r "\ P s T P\0DUHN PR) dg P PP]V f zm Q PK

    5RZODQG0LHV]NRZVNL LJLWDO 5HFRUGLQJV

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    T

  • / TP

    |zTw Q{JC PV TrPf PfW P P P P{ f| }R P P e QW W ^W PR P [j dmR | *{ P Su PP|u PR d\ h L P F Pb "d z PR WV d W T T] b { f{ Pcl dW NP d|R R i P ge PWPR o P ~ Y P TfWi P KPf P eR P |] e Pi d\

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    i V d WK TPu Mi / KW_ PFg Xd e dS d XZ] d]V [ dK y W Pd{ f P_PW Pb TY P @| f P|Si JV PZ\ d] V XPY Pb P Po P )_ d]V PLR TSWj P\WR |Wj { [Z PSu fb g UPf TO }SV W NPj \) f_ T\ PZ\dS d TW e p P Qj_ f d]V RPT fe f *{ XZ] d]V v P |l Pc e

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    P d d]W TNP s dS P XZ\ zjV lPR{P XZ] d]WR WWK W@ PW {dV Pdc P4 TfWiPR f

    d(W PY [Z R mV { [VP Pc V Tm _ PWVdK gW| _s Pb TSO P{Wj VKPR wW Tv vl Ui W p WP Wi m P|Ko e lg Ti{ S zVi V d [ PvfxP ) @{ T|R T_Pj *{ dW 6P| TNdVP l *{TgfK W_Pi f PSs fi d] PZ\ jb s T|SuT| { { Pj \Pc v d{ TNPK Pf h|Wi

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  • / TP

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    y XZ] d]V f dK )| em TvW Tc | P { h TW d{ P Se Q| zW ~ | JR

    d d / i P |PR P W U P Z

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    fb(W| Q W Pd{ ]jPR

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    Pd{ }PS aK TSp| Pc dWjV j Pc { S V Pm z\ Wi TPY s~ PR SWK ]j Tb P TNPd_ dcWiPR S P| PSu Pj PmWjK d_ US Rfg\JR oj ^] W_ f ^] P\f TgK g\T{ Pc P Zd_ Uf\ W PR ^rV z ]j ard o PS P Q Pb TSp| Pc d| Tu NP hb fZ f d|R P dW PR P{Pj P ^r ]jPR PdgV lJWj { _ Pc V ]jPR PdgVVe dW T g V TPR Pf PY ]jPR M\PK Pc z #SmV

    PuA dr PV P{ W]j *{ aK Q Qv d Z_PS dW| P c WjK *{ K P F_ f ]j PW |h PZ Z_PR dW| W W_ P P PR P{Pi fWj d| fV { PRP\ PPjR T|P]R P| { gfR | e fR]j P dW W Pc b \K TRS S PdWK T{ dSV PNPx KV P\PWV W TPvPR PPj\ d ]PR TPW Pc Ve dW T TVPWi WV W PdWKPR Pc| { PdWK P fu { PuA Pb @WV P T\P_ W VSi { PuA f ppcWK XS Ve dW T v|WV XR{ qPR fR h PZ PSu P PdWK mV P{ ]j n QSjR U V W Pc Ve PW T fu

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    Q]V j] f_ T\ qb fu { q T{ PvR d^j U P P

    d f ]j dN T PV QSjR Pc PW

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    TS Tvb

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    P Tp b PPj P

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    TNP }S Pu Rf d Wb ddl T hP TYY TYS Tr @ TjS_ yV d Rf W_ P{ T TY TP( WW Pm |R ] fWV TY P{ pV dK PvK P{ Td f Rf\K Rf uPW_ gcK Pd Rf fo TPVPS ] R P]V YY PSW g\ d|V Tr @ P|K e PvK Tvj PSv PRfK *{ PRf V X_ tK g T|5 TSv { TOj Tvm

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    IRU &OLPDWH &KDQJH

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    \K @S ] TZ Rf ) u P PT PNP \K Rf TSj PPR Z e Q *{r TIsPR f|m P tK PWK Rf TP Or g\V *{ TNPZWi PS d *{ dJV P f P P e

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    PS TRfV mV W PK Rf e bd dd\ ] mW _ &

    b Q cpncl TZ\ f_ d|S Ps d )cV P Tp TP V P Pf Pf\ _ TZ] e WV P f\ g }PRPf\ Wi TdR lhWji{ TjiK z]Wi RP RfPR z _ d PvV Y Pm ]R S PPR d_ Pf { TP PV d{ ] PPR Qj QSjWi

  • ?V dR TSv Pl

    lhWji{ TjiK gW|V hm TRP\ YJV PV P F_ dfV U TWR dd\ P_ TWK TPmK V P{ TdR Tdb dVPc pK eR y_ e d_ ncm W_ dSVmW e Q f fb e VR Q gi e SV d oi Y P{ PiP TP T|RPW lgg { Ps TSf W *{

    Ps P{ W_PW_ W P z P|WjK V d| | PWR PP{] e d\V Rf sWj P TNPZWi d PPj\ g\ P W TcPW T d{ L Y pV P P d_

    S d{ g Tx pR g\ V e eR W Pg PK T{WK PjK

    p o { PjW e W hW *{ P NP

  • XPZp

    *

    d|SWjK T e P] Uj zr s VP fy S zvWK PSpK r UV VP ) QW PSW{ { PcR QSjV { Wb _gV UP W S @ *{ eRT T\ T|Su ] PR @W Pcl K W b

    lW jV QSjV jV T_ R P\ Tr uP | P F)i P SSu P] P P{ P P| TS { dg P +S] |Sv dmK r dd] P~ RPR TNPf] gR z fb \R | P dd| PW P d_ TRP~ k| dV f] B| WV PPY P UP Ps B{l{ TS f P] Po f d_ Qj PvV vR v TR|o P{ q|S ddl i T{W _fR fW{PvWiPR d| fb q|S fWjK P]V PSY R j ^rFP_

    V fy P { Fg fu g "5 *{ Wj j

    tSr { g\P{ b T{] TY P Nm| s PR gK v P P P{ fK _f b dW fWi f PvV hz\ P]V Pl TS f PdcWj W l{ T {*{ P fK e P P] { Qj_ P P P SfV PPs

    dPdl W d u P W PP|K R tRf P] zvWj TZ] gWR T_P P Zd_ WK f PRf d_ P P W

  • / TP

    dj TR tRf Tbd Ps{ aK g T d Tbd Ps{ V d| PS\ T Pu |v

    aK Fd| UPR P Pj_P e idP\ WP d *{ _ U V R tRf P\ f idP\ [WWi d { { R gNP]R _ U POK Pf| P Qp fR P vSVf P R P Fi P FY P rfP| g| Pd Qp PW {f fR j jffR +PWi d *{ @| f PPZ N W_ j d|K e *{ VP Pc UP PmW *{ R gNP]R P s P ef QSjR TS f U Aj S]P ZPR TO

    @S { V d|R Qf fK {fPR fR @S TRPo QSj f QSj TP o NP ( fR lfS \ f{ @R f QSjW zvWj fK S T\dR ~ dS _ P_ P{ M\ d "m VfR ( \{ Si P_ | l9Nf QeK{ P d| P{ P VfR { q Pf Sf qP T P_ Qe*{ v ~ d_ PR\ cV TY P|K TRv Pd

    PK d_ Pi P QSjW d_ i

    } ]z w w

    TN / J / { XdPR dS f |W Si sB| PVPf_ z\fV Pm f p uWjV i P P F TSuvW S u U PS U P{ e i] fx Pd BK S P *{ fZ { d PR S]| @S

  • T @S SWj

    TK TPZ K S P| |V W Uf Tp] P_ Pf f~ dcWi df R TPjK TRPW

    i d_ *{ Td Td VPP\fl ]_ TNf PWcV P V Wv{ cVf PcV d PWc P{ P l T|Su WS fZ P JR P(c PS P{ P S|o JmRP|WK TpK R PSW { dg dR j f q|R PSW dT\dR TNPl TJj ddV TJj pV f TpK Tid z P{PW_ ddl f|K R ]V d_ @{ PZ f fb ( d_ f fgV W TR { p P{ W { dg P PW T|Sv \V *{ Tvm TPW P]W U{ iK T_ f] T] Pl P PPSV *{ W l T|V{

    To m *{ P Fo P f|V P_ P{ "s TdS PQmc f]m dS f_ Qmc f]m P\K mW |R f| P|r NP_ pV Py Pi m P diP dS di f_m TP{ pR TP d] @{ PZ f pW PP{ o dd] P~ PS\ v P { fP Uj d_ WcV WP PW jK PRPmV T PS PO PS_ K uPK Pj lTS|m PpW{ { VPpV TSjSP] | P{ TdS *{ TSK P| Pcl z (c W

    o PR P| PPpW^Sj TvS dS v P { V W d{P PZWi pWV zP{ oV d TPSW PJR lTvR TvS o dp TvSgW TP Q|p Vm{ b \ PNP f TZ d{ P_ WV P m P q|R Ps|R gW z PRti k|V TP f]m Pr P{ *{ Qu PZ TWcPj PRP u Pm| YPW P{ dS dWK P 4

  • / TP

    QPu d\V VPd Qu P Wc PFf] P { ^rV o ldSV TZ e TNPK TfS TNe ij dd| d{P VPd*{ |PR TdW pW Tfv ^jV T\dR TP T\ g Pl5DQGROSK )HPPHU 1DWLRQDO %LRORJLFDO ,QIRUPDWLRQ ,QIUDVWUXFWXUHd\

    DQG WKH 86 *HRORJLFDO 6XUYH\

    PY TPSW P Vo P dp z hNf j JPif d{ Wb USY d j f e]V gW i

    PWc P{ P T_ PR \KPWSP PRfK pWR f |W _

    S P { mW { $d TJj d|V *{ P s | 9\ fYPW PjWi fu { fYPWV W{(W fu { P q|R PVPS fYPWV _ P P f|V TWc _f TP TWc j f dSV d *{ {TOS PPK QSjR WcV d Plf dd z P P PVP_TK PV Pl d_ TWK Plf P V P

    ZT{P T]V)iP TPp ~

  • T @S SWj

    f| f kP|W QP| R P |NPl ddm 9] m d| lPjR PR\ P pPR fPy P ]_ ( Z ] o] ddm PSW gW d|R fe Z WV ^\fK TR|pR6DQED :LNLSHGLD *18 PWc P{ PJR _ j] R m

    /LFHQVH DQG &UHDWLYH &RPPRQV /LFHQVH

    ~ w_K |]V d W PWb { TOj TP| TOS V Tj PVPS d_J TWc fy dW| npcWK _

    T| Tu P ecW TjRP *{ _ m Ti g WV P Td| f_PR P PK PVPS PK

    PS PpW W T TR) Tr_ P| P f_ z]V T]S fb ^VP R TvR TRdK ~ | fV d f ZJ h Wc { P *{ i qR Cb R P P TfvW

    o 9] m ecW j f T ( ZJR P ZSmW { fZ{ e p NP

  • / TP

    P|\ PYP ZR P ]_ fo QP| V P

    Z j i P dg m f W |NdR JR nm R i f pW { f dR nm RP\ p Qj P{ vW ZPR W s P\ h Q)o fe f P

    P TfS dd TK P PWTP e P _fv

    Pb v h Z +iPW Q] k| TP

    U~Jw ~w

    f|W P @| f P|R e dS P T{Pb fPyK UP zvWjV gWV PNP T{] S P|K fZ \Sj fb f z iPW f d_J PR P gWT|]V Y WjK *{ YPK K fb f z h f R P f gW zW] \K P] P\] W A P T|]W V z P] PSW j WKPZWi oPW d] TR|p fyV P vjR f dS d_ U dW| _ NP *{ -P \S f|W SvV dj Pj T| P|W] P S 9\ fYPW *{ y|\ P YP h t Qpc P sR zsV P P|\ WVTZ PVPS P {l fZ 9\ fYPW R P PWip PR fYPW T{ TY f_ f]m Tf T( PRd *{ TJKPVPS y| TSP P s P SfV d{ }PS PS mWV P Pif d|V iPR T| e f| V hbA fgKPif d_ T{] f P Pif dd{ P{]S]g PW K P{] Y V PVPS d Pm ^ P{] Ui f v huPvS P{] zR

    PZ f Tf P{] PY W_ dS ] f zR fP T]K j Tm d|R VJVgW P P P_ ToPc W{] b P gW Wc

  • T @S SWj

    Tv *{

    p ]W fb P_ T] Ti P $ P{*{ P BW WPR V R T|uP TPp v P|RP ti - t4 *{ PR P P\gW P\gW P Wvd Tv ({ PSW TRP PVP\ P FY gPW P|W]KP dWKT]K j fy d{ jP]W |W]K |] P] dV dS

    | TWcK #mV T { P ;R P(cV fb y T\dR RPmW dS PdZ Wc { R gW m P P{T] i TY e *{ d\ PZ PS P { P NP V T]W STm_ Tp_ fdi ] T(S iP 5 U]W PdZ d ] _ d Pp;_ P ]] PS P] ] PP P

    \ f ] PZ P P s T( d fSjS YQl dSv d ] gS lUSS ] hS TP_

    { e f_ QNe x W Pf QNe ]Wf_ WV z g\P_ \ TiPj_ Tv P]V tSR j Pd / Pj R P d_ ^ fb PRq ii gPSm Pm TP z g\P_ P\ Pd gPSm Pj ] d\ zK RPvV d{ oP d e P \ gPSm Pif Sm Qf fb PZ RP \ mV PifPp_ z Pif P \ e dS Pp gV f\TSpb Sl T T]W UP Pif P \ e jfR g] f @S R ]W P_ d P P Wj P| P_P] *{ P @S V R zWW d\ P] PWi Tvb

    P y| c XSV Pd_ TRf]W f SvV P d_ tjR f { R iPW P] TP ddV dR f| Tr) K TP{ pR \S f|WP TY 6P|K PW PVPf_ *{ PfZ{ rf NP R fYPW

  • / TP

    e d\ p YY NP PLR P Pf ]i Tu Td|K PS| { P P{ e d\ fb z iPW P{ Pg W{] R p f\ ) l R WK gW{l{ W{]K f| P

    f g\P e S{ d| z5 f fvRp P{ P { { P P d PR P P\gWV

    g\P S{ lPPLR{ | PP{ TP P |]m f|V rR |W PfV W TWcK P f P F_ sK K { QW dW{ PSj_ VJ P|\ { YdW _ T|Sv P{ PQP Td] T| Pf|W V lf|W RP ~ / f|V TP

    VPf|V TZPR P| |l V T\S P Tf f { Wc P =cl zRPvR f|V }SvpW P fl lP\{ P PV P Fr | PPp | fy ? ~ P u P d k{ U _ Td_ Uv { dW p P f\ fZ g TRf PscK k|fR dd P Pj Bb t { t P YP P SfV PW TYYT|v PW *{ P |RPo UP p vV W p vS P fZ P ) P { AV P s P Uj TR Td| "d q z P FNg\ RPvW P d q P| JmR jPR -Pj_ f P Sj Tgc P v e VdPl dPV T{ TRf]W UP { dV P s f p PR jW W e

    P Pj U d Tf Tm s U d TPo V

    cDw SMz

    PV f| P| T@S TP TJj TmP P W_ eK dd\ #V vW T] Pj fb )m Rf i K U u f f e P_ P|fS f P Plf QPv PfvP W ddl PNP

  • T @S SWj

    vW e zi m zSWV j vWR TvSVfK PW zPf Pd ij ]dW f dcWi fu { P{ P d *{ P f]l *{ o Pp~ P PVPS P PRfK P{ z\ P5JR P { [PfR e RPmWK gK #j y

    d_ / PNPT PmPR T| TYP UP PR N i e P T PR P d_ r W UfWi PP d_LR P _ dVPj RPvW fWj V( q Tjj T)K Pf TSjR P\d z P FNg\ RPvW _ TSjR nRf f z P FNg\Wc Pj P U R Ud_ c z TZ| z TSjRTd]R f_ QVfV P{ { [VP W e P T|] P dp P PVPd]R PvR f tSVf _ V d W np P cV d_ T\

    T]P_ { P Fb fm TY P|K P dj]V _ NP V T{ yV W P|W T{] l| [PfR{ ] t Pd d{ T\g f_ T{PR Td]RJR TRW PNP d_ mV P_ P{ Qe NP PK dj]W T]W fPy t |V W P|K d_ ] fPy t fl s ] t T|]V i P|W]K d_ P] P\ *{ v T| Ti mV *{i { v ] Og] m u PSV fv KV P]NP P dd\ P|]V P] *{ fYPW | d|R

    fPy t PSV K P d f]K PSV q l]_{ 6P|K P_ P{ NP P_ { iPR f| dd\ dS W{ d vW T{ fY A

    Z P |R d_ T P PVPS JR dSK e f vW W JR P s f j] g\ sP fW g\ JmV P R Qj PmV P PmV P]P d| f P]TWc PNP PdcWjV Pj P] TOS fu { PyV P s

  • / TP

    TOS TRP]Wi fPy v V *{ ] t d

    b TWc pRP QSjW dd] Pj vV T{ zSW ] W |V

    P Y vV h T T|]V P NP T] PVPK WK PSW e ] Q) d k|i P{ fb ncl P dJV e T@SPF_ TRPvW Uj TRPvWK NW | fPy t OS PSW dTWc zRPo PpR P *{ { PR gW P dPP{ S|W dd| fv TP S T] TPW_ e x Y P{ | Pc PK S d vW T{ d p d| TOR

    |Sv PcW T bh |R dp { PW_ { m ] PSW tc e T_ P\f Tj V P P_ P cS ddl T|Sv | / P Pj q|R Z W T e \ PZ Pj dYPV e | 7 Td dNgP P 7 P g PPR P| WK TOS d *{ P|W]K mV P ncW T|Sv

    gNP ( 5Pc d{ c vW

    -@w |M} =}cC vW tR |j P vWV dd] dV P r QP|V z P|W]K d_ ] Q) *{ fvV W W Pv oTPK T_P gPW dd\ l x Pv Pl vWPR \ dR vW d| JmR

    Z d] P_ P| f P Pl PVP V PjNf v J] dSV vP P F]dV W ddV Q|p vW dW Pv Pu M\P *{ TRPj

    W +| \S f|W dcWi QSi e dd\ JmdWP TrP|W PP]V zdV P| dd] V zscP q|R z Ps|R P|W]K RPmV *{ PR fYPW { [VP ]|Sv PcW QSjR PFY P f P|W]K ]jV dd\ Jm tSZ

  • T @S SWj

    p P|W]K P opb fV d| TNm| PPSW QSjR

    f dd\ #mV |]V W fb ] ]PR f| V T{ V] ] L PSi QSi ] dW P / ){ W

    dd\ Jm s P] PSV { P|W]K |V W fv ^r f] g|PSV o *{ d ToP PS] ii t \ g| QvWTSm| i UlP{ Us P P{ W_ P] Tv uK T( { R ]V d PRP UlP{ d T_WKd_ fb PSi UP_ tSsPR j PK P{ P{ _ W_ iPW PR WK P h] m Qj f $ PR gWg]| PR f e P SV |vWj W PR TWc PTsS USpb W_ TsS QpcV { g]| K { P{ d PR ] ] zWW ] d

    9] PpV m fb P SSi d| d P d] f WTi P e lP{ e Pi vWR |W P TW P e YZ lPSv B| f d|R dd\ PR *{ PdZ fx df N q|R W P{ _ e dW| P{ eT]W e r vu tK ({ PVPS u PjPR TSmP| f { dd] P| f Ug| "Y TR] Pf Pf T\ d|R R ToPb TvV Pj P zSV TfYPW T_P d

    m vW { P{ _ e f { d P| P|i UpK *{ hPW sb Pj Tf PRP POR Q\ P S\ PmP|VC P|j TS PW{PvWiPR W P |r f UP{Ne Py zi P Pv PW W TppcWK Ts P_ e Pfb W_ PpW iK TS_ g " e WK PS PK

    T|uP g dd\ TNe~ Wi *{ d UP P{ i { Pj PSl i Pp @S vV K d PTdp UP \P] Pf_ { Um P P{ e gPSm

  • / TP

    _ e W T\ ^rV PjNf Pi vV f]l lPb P] T Tf P{ dWj W P{ PvRfV TvV T{ fb dd\ PF\ l d

    \V TSj T{AR Pj {PsV YZ lPSv B| z e f d_ S P z\fV fb PdZPR

    .D]XKLNR 2KVKLPD 7RN\R ,QVWLWXWH RI 7HFKQRORJ\

    P] UPmV @S gPSm i P{ Z_PS " R _ TPR@S iPV d fb PS|R P{ { dgV g\ ) ePR b PZ Pp z S P{ K { dg PK gPSmK QiPK P]K h vW dKK *{ W B|| P| e T] P|W]K fV P P{ PZ~ PY jT PW gPSm z U\gV T] P d_ PK cV s

    ] zW]K T@S Tj UZS P *{ Pd{ vV { K TdK PRP TP *{ gPSm P{PRP UfV W Pj PSl PVPS *{ eWV W P f gPSm @S o PRP R dW W j P P\ fZ

  • T @S SWj

    P{ e U| W fW Tv P v q|R { s|R( PPj zv fu *{ Tf @S

    "

    u fYPWK PPPj kNPm_ R({ @S @W P P{5 e fZ o Tof e

    Tf P \ S P{PvP| Usc T{ T\ PSWR

    "f ( PK dR P{ _ e { UPf P\ TO P\ dR f P\V f Ps|R s Urf|V j Tu fb UPFc lfPK Pj{ "u dp ] f] fvV fu { @Se "i PR d_ P \ TY P{ d_ fb f d Z ]_ | rV U dNfu Po Po e { P ZR @S @W d|R Pg *{ P ]_ ( Xd aK PWi {PW\ P|V ) eP V W_ P s|R Ps|R gPSm f d{PjV q *{ ^6

    { R Pp {PW\ vW d d{PjK *{ TSV) TVg| d fYPW g| *{ dl P UP Xd @S vW Ui _ P{ Tu fb @S { o P)i Pid{ | P Qj_ iPV fb P|W] TRPR TZd fj NPiP \ *{ TZ P Pi vW z T)mK j Sts UV @W d aK ]_ y lPif{ i { v @S dS S Us P{ dW Xd_ U e RPcWTfK ^r PmW e 4PS Ps TPZ i *{ zA PV

    a TeKd *{ T] TY W *{ zrW u S p Pu _ P P_ eb Y U P pcl PS\ TrPK P{ jc TNPKPRfWj l dS { P g R z Y jR dV

    f\ Pi d_ *{ f{ | bdV t

  • / TP

    aPw A=}

    S d{ dS ncl P }PS @S d| d{PR P P] P g\ d| R] d]WK Qv k| e fS df Qj fPy z NP _ fW PS P OS Py P Ff\T P | U| \ PL d_ f\ i g PNP e d_ Pv uP P s ^] @S fZ u P gWiPm Ps NP e l { i P{ v W PWS Rf dj PY gV lTcs{ | KP| OS Py 9N T e r Pc e @W Tb P ] f RP P Tb P P d\ |

    j d{ P fuP

    P PvRP P{V f{ u r P] h P|S zf P FcPV Z P{ Tu P{ f]K P]_ UPSV Ur W p PYZ P RP]{( P] P{ Tu UrP d_ d { u dg P U_fV Ur W PW R ( B| f e UR s PW TYY T ) P]_ dK Zd_ @S P YZ lPSv B| f W_ Us P{

    t P{ i \ *{ fSV TSj P]WV P{ P b P p dlf d| i P P| d|K *{ v P d *{ PT\S TPK TOS V QSjR V @S y RPjTfYPW d zW]K ]_ Z f e PjV W | dd| TY

    fb z TNP P| f] zW T] Pp Tc d_ PVPS PNP SV tiWK tiW PdZ P { d{ @ SV _ P{e ld{ e S *{ W dgV P{ PNPR dfZ fyV dd\ P { | P P{ e ( B| dl

  • T @S SWj

    QSj TdK uPK P W d WcV W V fyV P Wi tb TSf uPK PNP dSV d| Pc d{ \ | P d|R P s WcV P Md PK d|Rc TRvK TPv T P Zd_ Z_PS mW |R U P S

    TWRPY T dd\ d\ Pf_ ]i P W ) TrPK P{ TNPjc bf d| zu W P d{ Pj TP T\dRTY T|Sv PWSSi TO\P P_ f P{ S PSZR qcK e U| l{P\{ f d_ TjbTSj _ U d dW{ fZ f d_ YP d{ TPrPR P{Td P TS_ PS B| TP T( TfS z\ U "dR TVP{ TPfR Tvm QSjR d_ e y| U| Us P{ ePfR PR PSe dvo _ QSjR Ps|R z ] PK m P{ e z e YZ lPSv B| f P_ ly{ { Pi {P\ fPR P FP_ f T P PSu P PFi P { _ TRPj Pjc Uo Pf ]if P d|K d dWK Vf\ e TOS y T WP zWK +SWjK d|K g PFi }S f dRq|R r f @|R *{ KP| )_ T|Sv uK dV { jPfu P| P z\ P PVPS TSj V d fdWe TRPj f d_ q *{ P{ TNP s~ fTYP PSSjV PjW Z P S\ z\ PVPpR f

    P d *{ Si TOR

    =~Wo} Qh V =~C=oxPz gz vz=iDw

    P~ dg Tx TWPR KK dWV Ps T| cVzWi Q *{ PSW g PW fY @ { i zf ]

  • / TP

    PF P TrPK P{ P p W vV dm lPvK y TjRP *{ W Pr _ P{ e Pf ]i d g ddW P{]K l d\ dK { |VTjc T{P] f _ QP\ P|uP hj dNPj P]V dm$OEHUW 0HVWUH :LNLSHGLD *18 /LFHQVHfp f d_ RPm d{

    DQG &UHDWLYH &RPPRQV /LFHQVH

    P{ hm 4 Jl vi ({ f f] r d P PO T{AR @WK s ({ Pp| vV o T{] "XWj

    / *{ Qj Up "b e T{Pj do iP l JV PR PW PCWi W Te p PTf v PW e d{Pi d lUPp zRf{ { UV P{P P iPj_

    fV dS dK ~ dcWi dr TdK PV{ U "j TOSTNP K T{Po P4 dm_ d P ]{g P P| | P s d\

  • T @S SWj

    W if dWK gWi U fR 4 PSeV P Tfcj P\|j iP Tj P|V @S zSV { NP Pj (PR dW P@ l d] l{ lf{ l@{ )i lTyK p|{ P P{5 TiPNf TPmWi P] d_ d *{ PPR PVP{ To UWSYPiPj_ a"ifV d TNP dSK *{ TRPf dm z@V f P|SVo l R{ Ps TSf Ui _ P{ k OR Py PR

    ) d|R PSncl P]W Pd{ P|v |P\ Po f] P _i $c \PW P P Wj Q *{ Tb TpR P UPf Or d i QAV QSjW W TRP Ts{ PcPsS Pi *{ PVd *{ PVP_ dW{ ] Rf dj PY

    P PSW QPR i P6 ncl P { Pd{ d PP| PFi PP ) u TRf \ QSjW P d_ P\WfVS P\ PP mV dWK P |R dcWiT) PcK e P Fi TPvR P VP S SNg f P Pof *{ WV P |5 PVP dgWKW TPr * f aK V QSjV TPi PY P W d *{ P OS{ $mV PL TPi Uj TPW PcK z PuA f TNP_Td( ifK ) u TNPWi TYY ZWV QP ncW f] TP~ PR@ S{ P TWiR T\P\ P Pi d{ }S d P| PvR f P Fi

    PP TSj SSjW q|R d]V PP d P PV dSWV PL PVPP ncW Pd{ j q|R fV TP f_ d T] PK Pfu jPcK z]V z i z zRPWV Tf TOS TP_ TP z ~f *{ i e d yW P| npcK cs W L TPj}PS T PcK z P $K W JR ? +o z@W

  • / TP

    Tcr Tm W W_ Tm d| V S P dWK P | Pd{ cWi { TcWK \PK PP ) u PTNP {PK Pp T{P|l P{ WjK ) u WjK TP{ PP ) fZ TP]V T{P f~ Tdcz P|W t Fd|Wj P P S\ VS T]P| PcV W

    PcK T eTKP| Tp TyK PmWj U{ d TOR TppcW TKP{ g fd TP| Tp TiPi JmR fVP \ e f Pif UpS iP l z P P PZ Tpcm ^PpK d UTP| TpK *{ ^Rf z PR W W dd| fv Ur Pd{ Qi UjV _ T|r Tu UP PS]V K fuPcR f |V W dR TK g fo zPp d_ { Pp Pj Pbd PSsfPR P SfV dS Pi p TRPo P pcl W { fjW PPjR

    P| y P do *{ P e g_JmR TN PvW jWj fuPb Qu { P]W P g f ^rVCWj TP PR@K zpV bdV W P TuAK nNPpc\ f|W dWK P TSu To B V W P| ]W eR PuAPR TRPo di Y R d_ di \ R d_d P opb f| u dW|i P F{P\ VP P PFf VP PuA d| { P PcKPR |W P PePR zWW *{ dgW pR TP

    Ps TeR WV _ d P{ R Ps PSf d_LR dN JjV

    :n =~h

    PF\ Po 3PK d| d *| P\ W mK do bPK W WQ f_ T\ PV QSjW @S Pm m P] d PRW TPpW TW f dcWi f TjNf PSi P{ Pp PK WR T|K Td T] ffV P_ PRP T KV

  • T @S SWj

    qfV W TPS T T TfK T| P|] T|\ dpVSjK ~ | P\ T T \ p { g]|V

    dR fR f 4K U| Y P RPW fV Wm| Tf~ h]V U d *{ KP| )_ T\ tiW UPf TO T\ e QSjR ] P| Qei PK P Ol w_V PR 3PK f K zWK YJW P W_ KP| )_ TmK Uj YJWUPf fb TO T\ )V f T\ P f e dmT\ PV TJj d|V { PSW e [W UPf TO P\ T{ t T_PmR Sl PK m d(W P Tr f f_PYP|S fWi *{ P{ W_ TP r v| fdWjV P f dK ^\ *{ KP| )_ fWjj d~ KP| )_ TSSjK PTbPK W V cW K Pv Tf T|j QSjR

    l{ Tv{ PP]V d P | TRP ~KP| )_ d| P{ \P PWm W_ T fR P iP*{ TNP | T{] AV T_ T h dR vb TmTRu TSuf uPK gWi YJWPR TNP PK WR |K d ffW d{P] pi P P fvV hv gi P P\ TP] uPK gWiP] Tv o TOS y dd| dWWi P {l fZ PPs PVd| *{ T y S Rf T T{ ]jV zWK

    bPK W dgi e f qcV Y f pWj ]PR Td k|V U 5Pb gNP P i P FNdS5Pc N R T P\ dR P O PWm g _ mV g]|V W Pi Pf dS V TdW oPK d P] f\dS f|WV zW P{ R e P| TRP] {

    KP| )_ Ps PY P SfV)_ YJV Jl W d dR P |i Uj d|Wi S TSS TSf V PR W Pl *{ YJWR KP|TOd PvK P ^SpWi j fS Pu5 PV { j vV

  • / TP

    (

    )

    ( )

    ( )

    z WK P KP| )_ P V PK WR T|K Td T] f\ lT\ ) f T\ PVPR JSWV T{W P d{ SWjtSVf P{ R UPf TO P\ UPf TO d_YJV d ] T| TSv Pbd gfV P\dR P|W Pv*5,$81(3 DQG f PSW_ *{ Pbd gfV P\ Rf dj PY

    WKH ,QWHUJRYHUQPHQWDO 3DQHO IRU &OLPDWH &KDQJH

    Q| PY WWi PS\ V z f_ eS 9f eS @V e P i \ P TdW SjS Ps pWi fb PPRe\ QSi gW P|]W fNPv j d\ dWi Pjf P]l z

  • T @S SWj

    P_ Pm Qv QP|Y TSv TSRd )i e d_ PK NPRgP Nd_

    T( PRdP PR CV d Pl )_ dgi fb QP] *{@_ P PS_PpWi d]PR ddl PW QSjWV \f fdWi fgKfS P gWi PRP V djWi QSjWV W f fV x d\f Qm{ | gi Mum dgK TKKK PVP|jRTiPj Rf f dgi ZKPR Rf dj PY Pr PK TR] Pf dV |PR P d TOS PZV WoWi d Pcl PR f~ i \PVf] f & |S Tf_ Pv PjV z PmW fK x

    P~

    ={Ww pSL t P|R fy T\PR Uj Tv TuPjSPR T{Pj V \ gWlTP T{Pi{ P TvK e i PRf| x TrPK P P{ Wj b B| Tgf p l

    "e P{ @{ iPR T] fx W TPv fl PsV W WP| > f e PWm [WWi _f P s T{f PW_ P| Uu P s T{5 zRf TWTNP TPv { fK R dgV R TPv vV T TiP Te\ d{PpV d|R PS f sb fb P] TSSjKTPvm Te TS dR Ti fvW dWK P Wj PV]j P TP T{Pi f{ fV T\Pd T\d TS \ d T TfK f|l d W @{ TPZ T{Pj d dP| P{ T P]W Ng] fy dP| zWR fVW@{ TPZ d{ g V P{ R P{ TWjPS ap

    e d{ PWY Uid y| V R V d NP Y i }R T Ti

  • / TP

    P P { d|R KP| Pd ddV P PS f TP e P{ T @{ TPZ ]jW TP T{Pi P{ P{pc T]V)i Ti PPi) ddm nW fR i i z d] 3PK d| pW fZ ) T{Pj f{ \d pW NP hb d|R *{ PR W_ T{Pj f{ fV P{

    PK P]K gfTPjPR V fb ddW T{Pj dj]V g\ z\fP Pd_ fb { P UP T\S Ti KP| )_PT SWj Pg PW_ z P Ps{u pV PP \ JmR cV TY Tuf ~ dR Py| \K VS ) u QpcW P{ )Ti qb PYP JR P P| T ~ Td z Pi dWK P oV p T|rWK TPi) UV d d |PR \ i P P i PV gV

    NP Pu | PWOV@{ T] h] PmW TjR d TP T{Pi fV PS PiPj Po T{] sV TPmWi T{] z l

    "e P{PR h] P{ d_ [ Wi dV R gNP]R gNP TP| SV Q\ P{ P| e u{ NP P{ @ o P{R JSW W Pvb P| k| W TC ~ fuPcz lT Ti c TP RdW P|W]K P ecWV@{ d o cPV Wj *{ { " f uPW_ gcK f\ fV Pl TS P| g L f

    V W PPv T|i T f_ { ]Wi W fNPjb P Q|p *{ PS TPj zvWjV d @S K PO PR @{ Wi P

    ]VP fWi d| 2 cV e P|l RP d|R P df T|i T f_ P W_ TP Ps P|d d P{

  • T @S SWj

    WK dK T P{B dgWK d| d R W ~ PWmPR PjK fPy QSjR fd PY S *{ P{

    W Nf QSjWV _ T f TbPK PY PWm p T| TSv Pcj Pbd TNP P QifV Ti PWSSiuPK { d|S QpV d Tu ddl fR QSjV X_ ] f PPY TdR P| { fu d\ K e T{P]KPR TdWjK{ |r Pl XSR |W P TP| VPBV P\Pi P sR @|fx d{ mVPR\ NPc P P{ Uf\ TRP rK ePWl Ki T f_ d Pf f P| Pu W PgP_ UP e Tf| d|R !d_ Q *{ P

    fd i

    lzr P_ f\ ecW b @ P P |NUP Q] q|R d] Z PWmPR T|WK PR UPPR P P V TRiP PPK p QSjR P P PS T|WK YJWW Pid d_ UoV d TgW TfvR ddW ZV d|W P Zd_ f\ W

    o P F P F P {g P{ f NPg] PV Ud d u TPZ TKP| f PPr Pj *W d{ { fj P| S T{ uPR f qc ] Pcj @ P{ Ne PW *{ l

    fd{

    fY $c PR P\ d{ dRUd fb Ti lgjPi P PlP g]difR{ T] Pv~ TSj d "ZV Pr fY UoV YP Pi

    TPm uPKd_ ] dR P f_PWK dS Wid PW Ur) W fdW mV iPR dS @ P F P i PTYY PWd Ub d PF P i R "d P PWjPR d J P ( p fyPR TrPK Wj { d *{ ( P{gP zd d W mKPR TK TfK T_f @S h] fc

    fvc ddV PR TK fuPcK d Pj dV

  • / TP

    Iw? =

    T|WK TWK P UP _ Pf B| \S P z\f] q|SR f o vi p| PK d jW PR Vd dW|K P P

    Z dK 6PK +Rd {Pv PR dcWi d_ TKP| f SP] fc P~ dc Wi d Wi *{ fvj S d{ z P| \ VfR do dcWi Qs g_lT\S Ti fy_ TPV{ iPR TPV TPV T o dSf| B ] Z P{ zV W dS q|S cW d dS NP d{ T\S Ti dcWi Pi Pp TPm PTi ) u _ gc P P_ Pu dr f PY

    P| T Sl T zK PO TNPP P W Vd_ WYPPR \S P tSVf TP| fy i P{ v TRP T{P\ Uu P{ d d *{ dP P P u Pv Tv Pj Pj P~ fl WV PRPvb Ui P{ ncl fZ TRPo P pcl W KW ToP| vl TdWj P TZSc f] Yf\ *{UP TZSc f] *{ TWK PRPvc e fb P pcl TRPo Pcldr Pd P] T PR npcW P{ dS P *{ Tif

    PV e Tb *{ fW e g fR {d T\S TiPSfV Pj P Pp{ P~ PO Y P T\S TiW TSp| jV T TP{ fu { Sp| P] \PV T{PoP Sp| P] P V Pp{ P~ QSjV s| Pb)i QSjVPfv P(P T{W Pl T\S 6P| mV Td| Uj P_ fp TSSjKP Pi P |NPm { Pv{Pv TZSc f] fK TSSjKP PWS d] S _ sTfu W \S j TP| *{ Ne jW fu { TjK fu { @WV W 6P| d|V PW

  • T @S SWj

    Wi TP e P dWV ) P P P opb PY fZ{ f|W S fb fK

    PSSj T f TSSjK PNP e P]V PW W Pd NPi )V TSjR T RP SP Ti Tg Ne jW TZSc f] \ d| P_P P P P| { PPPi TP| T_PW Uj P fb TWS | {Pv*{ gVf \S P ^Sl W\P UV e P TP PR

    P\| P_P fWV W P FY Td|K |T\S Ti [PfR *{ T|5 fy

    P{ TmK ]_ f]PWi Tf| PY TW j P FWR P{ Uj dcWi Wj fZ TRPo { fi P TPK dr P{ Pl WW_ zi Pv *{ P\PW T\S Ti fvV Uj o nclf] Yf\ URAV P s P{ T\S Ti fy_ TPV zV d|Rncl W { fiJ P{ ji Td f JvcPR TZScTWj fRPcK V Td TNP Tp d_ | *{TP Uj Jm @| f PPY R ]j T z\ fg

    (Wc Pd{ }R TA (WcK T|i TSl Ur W lPRR{P| R x PR | Wc W P{ *{ P d_ g Wj PV i z PW PsV Wd *{ oP W (WcK V d P{ f Pd h TRf P P Ff\

    T5 gVRR \i P P P{ Tv PR T P| Pd PPNP *{ U{ W PSi TZS ImK d_ P| PS d_PWR cV RR d{Pi fPR U\fR (Wc P F\ Td|K TrfK"d{ Ps Pd{ }R TWcK T PsK d| T P T{PugK )P [PfR P_P lz\{ PV TZSc f] nNPpb ~ T] Pi PW \ Pi TP P] z\ f\ TP[P( ToPb T_ RR \i z TRP Uf\ _ | TRP

  • / TP

    Pb b P FWR P{ cV{ P P{ lP{ gW*{ f|W f\ Y TWS Pc [P| V W_ P Pi S{ d|R eNd{ fW T PsK d_JR [{ WS fKaK PW d - fK ;V d d P PV " WS fKlTWK | TNP T\d Pi V UP S d] Pc| P| Z_PS RR b YP *{ g fb PZ TYNf PW l { TOjK Yf] d_ PdZ d_ qiPR f| VfR g\ q [W P qc d| QSjK TSp| PPc |V W P FNPRf TP| TRd TSv PW PK P g\ Y Nf PW f fx PSWb P_PK P f *{ P {PK P] UZ_ Pd_V P|K PWS PW_m aK V UP T]W \P f NP P *{ PR \K T|SvT]j QpV f g_ P F\R P _i RR zo P s TSjR P S PR j dcWj P| e RR { "d zA d|WK

    TjR T_PW W TRvK Tf|Kfvb TPj V TPW_ dSV f P Z P W_*{ 3PK g] P TRe\ TY Tid PVdl W vW d|SWj)m V \ jjV T TviR V TNP TV S d]R f dpV tRr T|rPb ~ T\R PR TP|Wi z PS z T|Wj

    hd T4 ({ if fu PmW TPPR T|K T)mK f] P] d_ U P{ PsW PWi d_{ m fvc P P Pm Pd TiTrf PNP P_ ddW ( \S ddW g T PS{ *{ v P@ T\R TiJ PdcWi TWT TS |]V Ti N Pb VR PW T5 u PZ f NP PR *{ TZSc P{P] d_ d d|V lT]Vf dcWi P w j gK Pc PjPR P| P|

    Pj TP Pj TY Tid

  • T @S SWj

    P Pi vWP Pj zo W ddW TP P|r W_P VfR PRP p e T_PWW PPW / QSjR Pfu fZ|W daK [j IW d_ *{ d d T|Su pR fy P m

    o{ V( e ] P]V dW TP_ Ts Px c zr PcV *{ sK NP T|Sv PV( X_ fu d_ ncl fK eR TRPo PW_ Pp fPl Q] PPmW t TP| ( T]V)i ncl R ( POg] P_ { f|W P Su _ JR W_ pW P Ol VP

    eR RJV TuPjSR P Ps UW d_ \ P TP f T{f P uP T TfK \S P d\ dz\ fRdW Si P Ju { c q|V { XSV U TOmKd_ U u TP] { NPi V W lP| TP{ PPidvpi Tjm P] |R mWi ^ PPj e*{ NP ddW e T{ Tdp P P{ S {d Q PR P{ P Qe { c dR PPK Q|l uPi TOuPc f P{ e U)l P{ Tm )i P fV W_{gV T{] ncl P { f| e $d e P PV TOuPb P d_ / Mvc *{ P RP P R P| TPR PWf|gNP UV fY fZ Ji P| TP JV L PZ P

  • zRf p

    * +* $*4F

    d{ P]l R JWR US PZd_ { Sj Pc UV UP PJR mWV Pi fV f\Pm d\ Tj T{P]R P S TPi Ps{ Ti4 d{ TcsW TPv hPc PdpV TP{ oJR MW P Sj PJ dd\ PY { P Z_PR TRP TPR VV f P|v { P ZR vV*{ V d{ P]l Nf i P]l g d z P

    PTbPK PSW QSjWV _ P{ d|R SWjK R \] P{ fc d\ 5Pb gNP P \ vW@S \ KP{ Py TPc p eR j P\ Pv(i d_ P{ e PS ]

    vV PNP Pp f

    _g P]_ d TsS YPV W fNPv hPc TPrPRP ltK PSl{ j P KP{ j cW P]_ gK YPV WP|WjK (V W lP|WjK P{ P ]_ P_Pm YPV fRUj TjRP *{ k| Pu d{ g PS_ lNP PS{ eWV v j vW P \P

    Pj lk{ Z Tcr PNP { P]V T| fZ P ] vl T|P]R \] )R ecW)_ dW| TP s *{ VKSV dW| OSW P_ iP S PdZ TP PSSji TSm| 3 d KP|

  • / TP

    PpW{ iPR Tf|K TO T\dK PNP gNP P TSRdts RPi P FSj qc f d| P T{AR WV W lTPr T| f] TPrPR Tv v oB RP|Z OS

    TvW P_ P{ dd| j z )R W eRP|ZP W ( T\ P s|R Ps|R zd T\P edS d dV dd\ d Q]WjWi e JVKSW T{ JR f jdR TP @S SWj JmR ( PV e R pW e P (] dW| u *{ Ti Uj

    p ~ TOi Q{ vW z R XS|

    cDw ==} @Rw z=rw

    vc P| f|m d{ f Pj d Fd\ fS U g\ eO_ pi d J P] T|]V j =i}S P SW P{ g T|Sv { Tp g PNP T|SvlQpWK Pj{ Ti d Pi P{ d t P{ f| Pj Ti PW{ PR TfeW Tp { 3PWPR P{ dKg P dW| \ *{ P{ d|R rf e PVdP

    Qj_ TdS Tv fZ vW PfK P| P WK TOS fv @| fRPY ^iPW f PiJ p *{ T|N d Pd P _P]*{ T|N dR zWWV P W d|R fV j KUP TN PWSP s tjR T PNP q|R U]i R W6P|K TOS \ gV Q j fR \y TSv Tj NPf i P{ v W PWS f|Wj UlP{ CPR h P{ P u TP\fK Q|m T_Pj TOS

  • |Sv PcW P

    | *{ PZ b TP T\dR d\ Q] P FPZ W fuPcKPR T P P| T|S TRK TSm PP dd] q|R U|\ q|R d]j P| d_LR PPSl

    TPW vc

    PyW (o h]V _ ddV f\ d PW fPR P|SWV h QeV VJV P\ e P fdW s *{ PO PpV T\S f PSj TPrTm P zA f d| d|dd| d] PR{ dd] PR N z\ { OjK d f s{ VP dd| PmW P P 5JR ( d{ Wc dd]

    l\ UP P dR f| P PV Urf PR @_ Tf|K p fZ ]WWi P{ dP R \ Pv( TY P{ Oi _ hPclhPcPR dmR f \ P { WRP\ UP Pc { T|Sv Widd{ PO T PNP p R P b P Pf { dm f TO\P P| dW vW dW| TPr T

    TRPj Tji VR jW PR P v PdZ y| PmW P ^\fK PR f |W _ Tvi ddP fb P{]K { P|K*{ fZ { Pid d_ fv TdR g P TP p zR P P PVj TR TR) d_ f\ WR h {d f PZ dV pV VPSWi f\ P

    lR @| { R PjK PVj P Z PPPR P S g\ PSV W pV T d|V z\fP)i T k|V Tf|K TSj TSf TNPR fm~d jK Pjd d PS p ( P P| i d T|Sv P| i |R h PPWi Ng dj Ru dd| @{ PZ f P{ e pW { dNUZV V_ PY ZY P dd\ { PR XS P|WR P

    dd\ NP TjV Py dcWi JPK

  • / TP

    X|SWi *{ v e i P P F i ddV TmK P *{ P| f\ d P d| P VPS P _ UmW d_ TRe{ TNfR d N *{ TPpR f e W P P{ WjV g *{ pV

    P e P iPR TS Pm{ d_ i _ TjW Wj dW Wi|Sv aPW W Pf P{ PS d_ V PmW QW P d_d P *{ u e {m f P { Y *{ u e PS Q P ld Plfb{ i PmW*{ f W u lV \{ l-m di{ i p PYY j] Ps{ R R \ i uPcK fv JV W hPcTP]K Si *{ P | e VP_ Tu P F\ P j T{] *{ u TjP fZ dP R \ dWi P *{ VPf TNP dSV USo XR Pj TP T_ Yf]

    P gm]R gmP gm PW fb P_ PjW d_ Tu Tp P V P P_d| T{rK dd] Pi q|R Z f "RdV P d_ Pr QSjf\{ lm f\{ i P{ u e hPc { f~ *{ rPKbf NP ld] R{ i P{ u W fRp f]l lPRi { u e fK f J lfRP fR{ i { u ePg lg i{ i { u e QP| l {V C h lWR{ { ] fp e lWSW{ TppcWK Q z d_ z P{ PiPR XS|V T|Su P{d_ UP P{ PR f TjV RP }S fPKPK npcV z j TjV _ *{ g TOS *{ TyPK f]PfR P\S P{ d_ S Wi P{ Pu *{ P \

    iPR QP| d_ TjWR P| e z gWQ|o P] T|]V PPj zSWV " v f Pl TjV P |V W { TP fy Pv|V W TWK ~ P|P ZR

  • |Sv PcW P

    YJW e *{ PZ s f _ d_ f { | d"

    x d|R P{ PmW d{ e UP i YJWR jKg i P d_ P P_ P{ e f

    PS W

    aP? pxiDw

    f fvb { P d|R @S Tj P }PS d|Rif PdWK P Pf Pi Tp P e P Pl d fb \ vW |R W e ] g\ P e f g\ Pl QSv VP] ( ZW P{ JRRJOHRUJ \\ TjiKK P FeV

    fd UPfR WbsR {d { P \\ T| XS T@ Tc e TjiKK e TPrPR T@ i TSj npcWR \\ jiK dR e gWe P_ U) TSl V UPfR df c P{ PR dd\ l v g P i l PR P|f TSf TOR P PV dd\ { fvV J{ T@S T{PK nQdW P dcWi P s

    fS TOlP f PmW |PR \Ko f l QPiJR TP|Wi z TdK Pj]K tNfc TPu *{

    lTOR s TRP]Wi

  • / TP

    { P ZR Q TSl fPV P]fR [P|Wi f f]i \\ [PfR dcWj i 9W P] m Z f{ xz zW]i e f] PmW fK P { XS fUPfR |PR \K TWK TrfK PNP { TY P|Kd T@S T{PK n dl W Ty \ P {

    lQf PR e T P|vWiTjiKK T\P| ddW do \\ UPfR fV P{ PWS dgWK PmW cS TOR JmR d f j iXR g\P_ )cV W f dgW x TY T Ps TPK Pi Q v g P Pj P WVm Pi _ f~ s _ PRP Pd PW*{ { Q~ *{ TPW P f{e PY fZ Ti d|V PR ncl Qo P{ R ) { P h {P tb PWi ncl R P P fJR

    Qf dK e dp

    v@rDW8 |M} d| Tp{ Tm \j l PS{ *{ |Sv PcW P

    "f{ TR|pR hW P| }PS ncm T{Pp dS y| _ Tj^pV \PW P SfV f j P\ d{ |o d|RQSjW T|Sv dR TB d dK PpRd T{PK g\ |r Yf] dNg cW P| }PSK oP\W @S Pf\ L P|W *{ d |r z PS dd| P{ e TSP~ UP W P|v z\ dp R P|

    fl dK P d *{ S~ SP\W P TS| j p @S PWb dR

    "o e -P |Sv dm S_PpK fK f @S U{ P dS

    PP U y| PR W Pl *{ d{ Pj $ fVS P\ TlPl dW QWK )R ] gW dPm

  • |Sv PcW P

    ( )

    (//)

    P{ dWK P f~ PmW ^rV tNfb lW_ PFf\ P Y TPj gfK ({ T{AR \S P| @W 86 *HRORJLFDO 6XUYH\ HSDUWPHQWt e TOR zSWV P

    Z W pRI WKH ,QWHULRU

    e V d W_ PR P OvR Po @S vW { P|WK Tg|K p P|W] { g\ Wi Pv( TY P{ P dpz\ P|W]K Po dp ~ { P] d V PFNm{ vWV aPW Nm| W Tof P| UPsV q|SR Ps|R TpW P| P

  • / TP

    TW P| gW P q|R Ps|R TSf "5 Po fA zp

    ly SWjK TKP{PR d{ PcP fYPW P *{ fu W W P s g\ mPPj gV fPvW d| *{ YJV P| P z\ j PSR fu Jvb R TPW_ TY Pj z f| dW z Tcj ncm f e P P{ f{ P pcl [W e K d{ dg PP{ f{ e TP_ Pj }S PPj d{ P Fr m P|W] P s g\ dW| { PPjd{ p P Td T { { P |r gV |Sv PcW TSj Rf PKP{ P P P{ @| gP f{ { PPuP JR g\ P] l@| TP i W_ P d *{ S fPvW |Sv PcW @S TgWc vW TjN P TYY

    Nm| Wp e PpW | d TR vW f $yK P f S T d|R { @S h] Q|mWR KSW s To JmWi TPZ PWb Wi fj d| fZ P z {9] Pvo TR @S TP u P Pcl *{ fK PW{ QSjR i e @S Q~ { f { WiUP| Sm PS ^S BPR pW TP Pp P oPcl P\Wl{ lP{ @S o T]W V P fy T\ d J g \ kV QVP lg T{ T K 9]

    dR yK Pj ePVPK TiPi oPW { P|K dgK *{ f|W PR zd *| S P uPm fZ @S vW *{ T )V TY Ps_ V gPSm { @S Pp e Us W P{ TWj@S P PW _ gPSm d V { f zSi dgV T{ARr +bd W dgV s Pj L T{f T{] f P{ *{ d Wj *{ f{ d|W gW | T@S P] T|]V

    TSj ~ d|R PVP\ d_V

  • |Sv PcW P

    P] Y \Pl T|P]R TY P{ fR d_ P{ e fx e Pif \ P P R T{AR @W aK vV TK R \ Wc l P P SfV P{ P f| d_ P P SfV P{ _ e V(

    PS P] \ TP T fb TZ TY P] e |\dV d|R fx d VP_ u S PWR P gW g ^jfWi _ P{ e y dR P] fb T{] TY PRg\ P] e Qj TOR rf|W Po ( P{] P

    d W_ R d] P Pj TP fu { lTRfvsK TvW Tf{ h \ P\RfZ P{ PWcj d_ T\) d{P Wj *{ WcV W { XSTY PWb P fyV ] zr *{ \ g ] Wfg W V v|V P P{ Tdp r jV P fZ TSj \ Xd_ PcW *{ T PR f d\ TRPcW

    ]dW ) TrPK Tjc { ({ RP] PcW d_ dd @S vW fb ) P{ f ( T{AR Ps e lP{ e Pcl { Wc TY T_P { h P| PW ZK i lPVdP Pj { Wc P fZJR P{

    { P6 P f P{ gPR

    AIw@w =Mw =z

    =W} SJz |z SGt Tf N d do P z kP]\ JW 4P| e d_ pcm Pg vb T_ kP]\ dR p Pj p({ fPi c *{ p fb zvWj c T PWe f] TP| kP]\ W hm P| @S f X_ TjRP

  • / TP

    P S{ P W d_ PNP UP P Pd|R mW SfK S_Po ncW XR P] f]l zv e PjK W KQu W\ WmRPV fg\ o

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    WPS TS f d_ Peb P P fP df TOS PyR PuPSVlOmR W{ P VPP R PS Y i Po

    d PRfK P| Td T|Sv { ] P]_ P\W U|T|K g]W \ *{ Sv P d|R X_PS Wi PVSPi V d( zRPu YP ]_ P PF P F\ | gWb JR TiP)P pV NPj T NP g|R d zNK { *{ dW|K PW eR P d_ Tc TY PK $( Os dK e dcWi f\ Qj P{ s~ TdW T|K PSWi QPi dcWiPd{ }PS P k|V W PRfK dd| Tid i ed_ \ PSW l PSWb *{ P fb fp | TY { dg P \ ^ $r dc Wi d PWS fy

    i dW PZ *{ dW tK PWSP dWV Tr @ ^vi *{ PcjR T{ P | UP P { P fZ { P PKPR Tr @ P VTf| Td|K S R cp b k|V W TiP POS PNP hm r PWV e TPv TNP PpK dcWjV |TP Q|o f l Tr @ UV P { TP |&R @ UV

    ) Qj o P P{ f fWi|

    m P{PR d] d PK PZ VPj j PWR d|V Qe ] i ) { *{ PWS e m W ] m Pf d_ vR PVfl " TPi iPR i Pf \j PWR dWjV l gf }R dK fPjK P g{ hd y T_ yV V PWPu VPjd_ NP UPf TO T\ }SV f_ T\ d{ ]jfW J PW P d TPV Tg{ k| { fZ { ee TeW TOi fx P d *{ y Pi j []r { Wc d_ NP OR Py \ P]W VP\ d{

    ^vj P{

  • / TP

    *{ m Tp{ TeK VPj j PWR k|V l V [V PWPu dWjV hd y UV P {NPW| PVP\ Uvo d PR TvK cp Ts| PK zpV1$6$ $VWURELRORJ\ ,QVWLWXWH DQG WKHPi Pj V Td

    ,QGLDQD3ULQFHWRQ7HQQHVVHH 7HDP

    { Tu P{ gPR \ Tr P\S P{ eb P{ PNdR d{ *{ T{ W_ ddP _Pi d{ fS P i RPm*{ P OvR P PPb Pj d| P F_ P Pc e p TvjS P PR TOR f d_ f d PR dp PNP e f{ \ b P V qcV e Ti)K PK e P TdR pW PFvb ZV PR R { }S d

    PS P PYd V W PPvV P p P W P T "S P{ lPvK f_ [PfR{ i { u fb @ dcWiP p e \ *{ dWi P| P z\ PS P{ fPR PWS d\V | tK TRfK PNP ) uj NPW| WV c tK e _ ^vjTf PPS *{ m| l{\{ TY TOS e P Pl TNdS

  • P [j

    hPV Tbd T TvK TWcK PNP P\ PWs W PVPS] ^vj dW tK

    P o f Q|p W PRfK JmR T d P UjTP TSf~ W P Pl JmR T P TY PvNfb |V Q|pPS{ U~Po d T|P]R Tj P P P ^WV T\dP Pl ddV Tm { P RPW U P{ l+y tK{TP Wc Rf _ ~{ \ P ~Pm m P{ f|Wzr |] PR Pf| P P { Og] NP Q) X_ q T| {Psb TJK P zvWjV TJK P z 4PS hPVPNP TP d{ PJ P W T\ PK d{ m

    lTJK_ P PV P\ d d] Z Trf +y tK d|T "p P|SW W QPi TSf~ TVP_ Pl z PS PmW d P Vi PZK Si *{ Pf| l{ P P h Pf| P P W*{ PvK TP dcWj i e *{ \S P|mWi P\ dcWjp em SW TiP Tfv P FjjV fR {PV afK QP_ dcWj e NP P] e ]j "Y q TiP PSWb d| g]|V d _ NP *{ P P|K gcW Te NP Rf *{ dW|V W T\S P m { P s

    t | P{ XS TSf~ TPu Pp dcWj

    ==I

    P]w =Mw S; P|K _PW d_ fN fco P fcp f Ze P{ @ XR S Tr TOS K P] Pb W PFNdR P d| @{ PY TZ PvV P \R f\ *{ tSVf W $mW TRP] |R P| U|W\ W ] PS PSS_ Qj

  • / TP

    mW TRv ts f T\ W o fb Tbd QPP Tjm T{]K p f\ V P|K TPr Q P s fdW mV P Wc P d| _ PS *{ WmV afK fg S PZ PK

    d V W V ( *{ Q W Pvi *{ \K cp P|K laSvK{ TRd Tf f U{ X_ ^NPp PWV Pr

    PSfV P|K P\ u *{ +bdsWj e Tjm T{]K f\ r d_ Q zp P|r TYZR \K P|K P T\S VP{ d P_] ]j U]W Tf]K QPvP d| Pd{U "i P~ P ddP Tg P|K gNP [W djKK cp Vdo Ty| P U_ TPpp P|K m PVPS PRfK Tu P fW Q *{ \ d e UjP Z P| YJW T VPNP z WPR Q P\\ vV P SfV P{ PdcWi J P{ W_ TP TW T{ cp *{ PP dof fb Q P *{ P|K P|mWi d|R { | P\

    Pb T\SP\] P [j P cp R bdW PSV TYzSWV fu { PSV e SV P ZR zi Pv *{ PvSVf P_\) Rf ]j TjNf TYZ fu R P|K {PW f 6P| fZ R TiPj T|Rf TZPZ QVfK 6P| e WV?K vWK W S P~ \d P~ ! d|RS e ] Q| P l{ Rf TjPc TSVfKfb 6P|PR pW e fPvWK {PWK fv ]j P d|WPNP Z djJW P\ QSj P|K do QSj cp $P| fy 7 ]j PS Qf \) P

    TPv S R Vl WV P TS| Pm T\ST\R { K dWV T\\ V Rf Pm U

    j

    e fWjV P{ p P dWV

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    dW |r q_ W fS P Rf dj PY e T P P P]WT]W i P{ v T{ PRf mW j~PK jP zPl PK e AWV P fWjV X_ tK PRf Tf|W f]VPY fW _ d WV fb UV Tfco To g z @TY ( |R ] R e Pl f_ Rf dju

    fWi ^ P PvK Tr @ Rf NP gc Z d fPR Sl f ] PR Rf dj PY WK d m P s fy fb _ PdcWj Rf lPm{PP @ { f TNP T PNP Rf gfV dgV TNs TPv QPv PVPS dcWjV TOS Rf ncWjVl{ TPv P PVPS ncWjV dRf Rf dj PYT TY ] fb f Rf dj PY fgV dRf W f QSjR fb f |V Rf dj PY TPrV { f dgV P{ WV W T\S d TPmK Rf T VPm S g]R f fPR Sl f T\] d TPmK

    fPP T\S P fu { Rf \ u gcV P s PTR) f|WV _ Rf dj PY ncWjV TjRP *{ TVPS)V hW T{ { Ns ZW T{ P dgV W P PY T]Wq|R f PvK )S P P gc T $ tSR Ts| PKfWjV W TfS do TNe Tjj b | pWV e Rf

    Qif $mW tK P T{AR h| P T_ zSV KP| )_ z TP PWm Pgc Wj P *{ { Pf_ PRP P]l zv fu { W| VP Rf { d| WR jV dP R f Wj P Q "SjV @S Pm P SfV dKK oPpW d| { dgU { TSj XR 3PK f TSjR Rf dj PY @|R |Sv d|K Pg e V TrPK P{ p Tu >

  • / TP

    fWiPR PP]V Q f tSr T |rP Ac Q| \ PVfbd Qj PdR e fPK SmV

    JmR ddm s P TP_ fc Z

    A;Q@w A?Sw d]V PFvi P |RPu Vf ebJV t gW| ]b Wj P{ h\P mW T|uPR o Tf k| P Pd{ TS|m TPZ Pfud_ m lPRe { T Q_Po [d\ P Nf \ R i v [d\ { ) d( QW P | P PS W gW fzRPj f yK j f|l eR i e { Wfy *{ PP\W P TRf UP P TRf PoR PP\ i K SPj UP Td P PP\ dj]V Ps +o f dj]V

    Pg Pj fZ PP\ iPR P WbJK P j P PP\ TRf g\ o s *]WPy TPK PWOR PNP vWV{ P{ l@W{ To @ TP Tm|K TPo TP_ P P dWjK Ve yW Jm ) d_PSY PY P lTP T TVPS P o o Tjm TPv P ~f *{ { P d *{ f_ T\\ ~f *{ W ] QfV P s w_ d TSjRTr @ P| z T{AR dW fWj ~ P~ ]j S Ts Pv PP]V d{ PvK T_ Wj PSY PR f|l

    b Pdg Q] f dK Wj z PWxR V Pc vKfWi e QSjW KP{ TSf Py \ b ZR *{ PWj

    TSj TeW TP_ Tj{ TeV P{ { P FNg\ PK d|V [WbPK W V K PR y d_ Pi P|K YJW "c Pi P|K YJW " TRP] TeW TP_ *{ PZ f $y d| fvj { fc d T{AR bPK W P K PR y d_

    p ( dK Vp YJW jjWK {PW TZ

  • P [j

    TeW P_ d{ QSjV PK R z]V W TvRf P vK PK PcR d g ^vj f_ T\ U|V Tj|Pc P SSj hm r dg h| e TscK Qj Pv~ dgvK PK PcR d " f T\ Usc fb QP] *{ f T\V f T\ PV Q $Sj Y Qj Pv~ P K e f hS PK PcR TuPjS eR f h TSi TeV dg cSV *{ |V W f T\ P PK PcR Pm TRP] TeV V ( *{ f T\ dR dg e PKPl fZ d_ Qj Pv~ *{ dW| f P

    TRiP P T| pR PsV TR|o P| d] WP JR P PPSPR P FpV h P FNg\ dKK Trf ?VPl gWb TSi TeV o *{ d e P Ff\

    Q|VP ( P eV P F\\ Tvm T_fR fV ) PSWPd{ T]W fu { Q "fK e g Rf dj PY TNPe _ TR) P_ |R T{5 gV T{ cp P|K z {PW d Y T PNP do s|R Qi) fS P Rf dj PYTSv Rf dj PY P s QPv WjV NP _ fS P dg PK fv z $] P e V Pd{ P~ vV tK T| vV Pb P T_PW TWc fu zR V Qj Pv~

    P( Pm |R Rf dj PY d| P \RfK TKP{ z | dR _ TPr T| PP\ P_T_ Tc JR ?V W zi Pv *{ TSK Tfy TS_Po h\PPfy P h\P fV TNdR T Pc +PV PV z PV T{ d\V PP _ PV Py P fj Ps PP]T PNP *{ SV Ve yW *{ TOS |V e T]W TOSPl TOS P_ P{ dd| QP\ qfPR PP\ f UR |Sv PcW t P r _ NP P *{

    S PP] l{ e h e Q d_ Wj *{ WxR zi Pv *{

  • / TP

    Ps|R Tj| TeW d| T{]R KP| PK l]_ cs dg fb q|S TSj TeW W tSZQSjR d|W QSjR T YJWPR KSW Q|p TRP] TeW W PsV fS d] Qj Pv~ TVPS PP bd P TR|o

    +XJR $OKHQLXV 81(3*5,$UHQGDO P

    XR TP T pR P{ TRP] TeW PV _ di P jWV T|Sv f tSr g\ P| v|WV T\d f P\ dgV P lTSo T PP\{ V TNPW Tpcl PJR h\P PR PPR zWWi{ f NPmW ncl q *{lP{ d\ PZ Tm P ^SpV S P P{ @{ fj P xy U

  • P [j

    fb V d_ P{ P TOS TP P \ P fZJR p| dgK T{g z T_g f] P Rf TP| dKK fdW P{ i e dg PR P]lPS{ e T|Sv *{ dW| P_ i PW TPv U

    d / P j{ Si f KP| )_ dW| P\P{ k| Wj Tcj ddl uP Q S g\ V z

    TOR P{P] T{P\ f] d_ PK UV fb g\ P

    =@w

    PW\ U{PvWi P feW PR d] yK dmK e T\ )_ dl z\fV )_ PPi i x W_ R fi P ZR id] P TRP] Tj| TeW d{ { [VP P KP|X|S PK PcR ( d TY h|K hm r d e QNedW Pv~ PR Ps TjSWK f d dg P PvK fb P{ TY TOd P~ -Pi P~ PZK P|S QSj e

    Rf dj PY gWcV W TVPS P ]_ e fpW dWV PsR To VJ P | pV qc zVf P d Pi p Td\ TW P P v P P P| WV Td\ ^NPo UPf TO f T\ ]jVd| qc Pv UV d] PK P fcSV P Wi tb d{TR T_P fco i u *{ / f dmK ddl !d_ T]W

    3PK P{ gPR PfPi P_ fi P e P| z lT]Z Tr f{ i P e *{ *{ v Pb TSj TeW Si TY Yd_ P PV *{ jP Pp S U | d]W TP_ Q zdV T]W d| Pj hm r dg nWV S TNWi TW UPfR z ] Rf dj PY TNP P T zVfKr dg dgWK d] Pv h{ Td] TW d] Pv

  • / TP

    Tr f \ *{ T PV f T\ Pc dg hmT{] TNWi f| vb d{ dl W Td] Qif T]ZP Urf|V d]PR PvK PvKPR P{ TvSVfK TRif PW UP _P PFP\ P ^vi PS Tg ) e ddl P\

    Ns ZW T Q~ Tf PvK P_fKP g *{ |V UP T|Sv TNPK d z P] [VP Rf dj PY d |Su *{ | P P(TW dp m JmV JR ^j *{ f T\ ( W]W e TiPi TOd P~ d_ PZK P~ P|S e Td] PmR tK T]W U d] IV z PvK TRfK PuPK dR Pg PWS dW QSjWW iP TNe 6P|cjW T T{5 hm r dg nWV TyK dd] TNPKU b Td] TsS fV RP] gg|W e TviR

    P{ P]W pPR f PJR d]PR Pv UP JR fSK ) ^jP\ Td] p| fyV p e d|V fZ p P]K d]Wd_ dl P P{ )V ) d]W TPR f mV T TY d]PR Q y| TvV Ju TYZTd fVfR TS_ PY P{ P e lT]Z Tr f{W Wd] W_fK VP kdK f P UmV _Wj S PV PV ddl P\ T\S P P Urf|V

    PvK d|K P x Y ] PR ]j

    AMw !88

    Pvm Q *{ SV W ^NPp PWV P( Pm p Q PP P Si P d|K W PjV P *{ {p Q *{ PR \ R PW_ PV TP TW P Uj TW Q P e P{ m e W @ f

  • P [j

    P_fu W o Tv | P i !d_ *{ T\] T\S T_P oV d l[P{ TSfK T | P _ h\ T PTf| | { P afK TNPs Ti Pi C h[WWi e e P d NP gV TPR f af ] P\] P_ ) m e fP U Q afK Q

    Q #cV T T~ o d P|Wi d Tfu TYP { d|R _ Q mV W Pl P d|R fy Pi gK Pl e *{ P{ v P Zd_ z e Ps @S P { XS P]V)i s ddW Tf\ lT 4KK{

    Tjm T{]K Pb \K NP Q d{T|P\ Wd d|R P Pi P P{ f| }R U _TP P |r T dofK d_

    fd P f *{ | | V P| f f d_ P Tx QVfK *{ p PvWi P] P d_ d|R P \ P Tu fl f|l f~ [P Ps TSfRZ |V P{ Pi QPv P VPR zWWi R d] P{JR mJj hdW TOR Tx *{ Up_ Pd{

    "+{ T_fu TY| P_ YPR V *{ p_ ^K PSu QW

    "+{ i P] Qj_ V P

  • / TP

    P Qj [K e Q e u P W 6P P|K P\ PSjK ]i P u _ P{ P ZR QW e P\Pi]j \ P\Pi m T\Pc Q W_ bdmR m d d| o P h f_ nWV TSo TPrPR PZKW Td W U|SWV | e f]WP U " T\R P_ \

    P vV z T 4KK *{ fvV

    ( )

    TSf Vdo P Q { dS P e P ^Po Q u ldj PY TOs g) fyV { d|WSV li PR\ P{e fy e ]j _ 4K s PK e rR RfTSv \K PpW o *{ f UV T|l v

    1$6$-HW 3URSXOVLRQ /DERUDWRU\] T|

  • P [j

    Us P{ P z\fV W fo TS P PWi o fvsK ] W P P fx PR e U Rf dj PY NP \d dW( \) PcSPR zSmK\ P d\V TW|K hm ~f *{ P O Q *{ S edmV Pv T|i PY $cV e ddm p WV P{ dSV W TNdR PWS x P{ P _ e TS PZK u Rf dj PY Wi fu { ] VfK POR ] P~ P PZK NP d d\ TS VYP Q vV T_f PW PF_

    4K PZK |] e

    TeK T Pg PWS |WV P P{ P e TPZ TS PZW T{ gWV fi ]j s Rf dj PY PK WjV QSjWV d TP z5 *{ vV TP TP| PJR Ns{ [VP ]j tjR gc P w j Pf]V W PRfKPg vV jW P d] [Z z T]jS T|l {PV PVj ]j lY{ oV e IW QSjK P V W e d P|d PZK ]j Wj Si QP\ c fTS dmV P|W d|R lT]Z Tr f{ Pi TOd P~ ]j PmWi *{ P Pc x Pc d|W PNP F TZPZ

    | P \K ]j zVf P{ e T|Rf TS PYP ( B| P] d TP VPWj p fb f ]P]K Uj d lT]Z Tr f{ d_ Tji V d|R PvK fyV Rf dj PY PWj qcV dd] TOS zrK dd|d_ ( P o *{ TjRP fyV ( d{ Z P|WjKWV P{ e TjPc TS

    b Ts PS PR tVg dW e P SfV ] p TjRP PT| v P *{ y V T\dR Cc TVPS P @WV b

    9Nf 4KK ]j d| cR \ *{ T

  • / TP

    dW ({ fRP{ TK P @S T\W T{( f]WP f|VP P| f iK{ V vW P{ P T|RP|S V d dR { gW XS V PbR PS Q *{ Z| d P s f|V lQPv ]jQ Pd{ }PS Tjm T{]K Pb T| Tf|K Q

    ld\ Q *{ Z| Q|p { TNP SV

  • Pj p

    H* * 2 * 4*

    j TR T|R P Tv J ~ Qf~ Q QPjV T ({ P R\ dW r fR TP_ *{ z zWj Zd P{PV PvR PPR fS [| j T P 4TNWi TjRP P f Pi P d Pu PoiSWV P]K Ppp f_ Qmc f]l Pj CbK )K oW X_ TNe Tjj T Tcs PPy|TNdR o yV W PdZ P v \ zm aPW f T\ dgV TPm Pf f_ T\ TSv Td\ j P h

    P{ TdK YPV Tfco TW Pj z d zuPW Tdp qR e P T{Pj T{AR fWV P]__g y| V d_ TRCR P ~ Pi TYP U_ P{V PWu W TP| g |R dvo |R Sd{P fd P hm Q] PSR ] W z PS P_b f\ e OS dmK 9Nf dWjK TRfK TNe Tjj

    p PdZ P Zd_ @WV PdZ WV _g dV P F]dV VfR gV P{ dvo S \ UP PdZ NP{ R P P z\ s~ P SfV TNP{ ^SpW gV TPS V NP{ fVsV P U_ W _gP fS dd] PdZ e P{

  • / TP

    YPV W Pi Ti tv P d {PV p e PS +Y P\ P]l f fyV P{ e P ]_ 6P|K PaK ]_ S Pg V Z fb T_ Ti dmV PjK f|m d{ f P{ e @S \ W j d{ P]WV p ) Q *{ P| PjPR

    |Sv PcW j *{

    P dS Tjm T{] TRe] TOS "~ Qf ] f P P{ e i d|R TNP fcp fS V JR ^jV T\dRfZ T{WK oPd T fWjV V *{ f ? pWV P{ PRe & PSWb PdZ oV P{ |o vW j dR vW @S PjNf f P _g

    g d_ P uS Ci P S P{ P aPW TRPW d| P PTOlP P\W g]{ zW ~ P iP P Yd_ d T i d|RTP TfR P ^jV e U TYP e { PR ^jW WPj K VJ _ P T *{ P P{ t d_ P{ d{ Wi aPW dd\ p dS TPp

    P *{ Pjc f|mWji e

    >x\ Scz

    ;=ow =cMw

    fxPR vV _ f R TPjK pW Ps \ cVP\ TWPS Pg Tv V S )i UV e P]V j TP_ P s k|Wi 8 dm Ps Tx ti f

    PPV TPb V Tjm T{]K PV PW

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    f PY YPV P{ jV e vi w_Wi f P]V fyPR TP dd{ vi vV p P S ( P d]W_ TP Sf fKP f dS P b P P W_ T

    "f|V d f P PW_ YPV Tjm T{]K P\ W_ Z P s K eR Pf P dKK ( PR V TP Pv PR TP o *{ { P F\ P ~ 3P P |N F]i fPWV T]W IW QSjV d Tvm T\\ TPR zWW JR ^j

    PS R f e | aPW e Pj ^NPpfcp Pv u PS g_ TNPs PcK y| fVPV d PW ^] P S Z )mK afK S

    d R ze TRP] |R q|R z Ps|R {PW dvpV PS d z zuPWV d W Tbd PjK

    o P Pv_ ifV P|PPv_ PSeK PR dvpV W TNPs PcK g\ WT{AR fWV P TP fd PSeK PYdV W PPvV V P P{PS T{AR TP T{Pj